Ethics are typically defined as the rules or standards governing the conduct of a person or the members of a profession. Moral Values are something that makes reaching our higher self easier. Though many people are not really conscious of this fact and tend to ditch these values as they tread of their life paths.

1. Professional Ethics and Moral Values
Presentation by,
Gururaj Rawoor

2. Ethics
• Ethics are typically defined as the rules or standards governing the conduct of a person or
the members of a profession.
• The basic concepts and fundamental principles of right human conduct.
• It includes study of universal values such as the essential equality of all men and women,
human or natural rights, obedience to the law of land, concern for health and safety and,
increasingly, also for the natural environment.

3. Business Ethics

4. What is meant by ethics?
• An ethic is a moral principle or set of moral values held by an individual or a group.
• Ethical behaviour is behaviour which is considered to be right and moral.
• Business ethics are the values and principles which operate in the world of business.
• They form the moral framework of the organisation.

5. Business ethics help firms decide what actions are right or wrong in certain circumstances.
E.g.:-
Should a firm relocate to a country paying lower level of wages?
Should a firm release a life-saving drug after limited testing?
Should advertising aimed at children be restrained?

6. What ethical issues are faced by business?
• Should firms use child labour?
• Is animal testing needed in products and ingredients?
• What wages should firms pay to poor countries?
• To what extent should firms seek to be environmentally friendly.
• Should firms get involved in certain activities?
Eg: making weapons

7. Who cares about business ethics?
• Customers
• Managers/Owners/Shareholders
• Pressure Groups/Activists
• Workforce
• The Community
• Trading Partners

8. Self Interest Theory
Human beings are always and everywhere selfish. Even if there are objective
moral values, we are incapable of living up to them.
• Definitional argument – we are selfish when we do what we want to do,
and we always do what we want to do.
• Evolutionary argument – humans are naturally selfish - programmed
(biologically) to survive.
• Hidden benefits argument – selfish benefits to helping others.
• Fear of punishment argument – what if I get caught? (Ring of Gyges).

9. Which of the following is a special case that justifies
breaking a generally accepted rule?
1. You should respect the highway code, but it is ok to drive through a red light if you are late for work.
1. You should respect the highway code, but it is ok to drive through a red light if you are taking a
critically ill person to the hospital.
2. You should keep your word, but it is ok to break a social engagement if something more interesting
comes up.
2. You should keep your word, but it is ok to break a social engagement if you have just contracted an
infectious disease.
3. You should pay your taxes, but it is ok not to pay them if you are short of money that year.
3. You should pay your taxes, but it is ok not to pay them if they are being spent on a nuclear arms
program.
4. Murder is wrong, but it would have been ok to assassinate Hitler in 1942.
4. Murder is wrong, but it would be OK to kill someone planning a terrorist attack.

10. Importance of
values and ethics
in our life

12. The value lessons start from the childhood.
It’s the things you learn from your parent
and immediate surroundings.

13. Moral Values are something that
makes reaching our higher self
easier. Though many people are not
really conscious of this fact and tend
to ditch these values as they tread of
their life paths.

14. Ethics are the character builders. They are the set of behavior one
uses when tested by difficult situations.

15. Types of Values
When understanding types of values, they are to be classified in two categories,
positive values and negative values. Positive values are the ones that enable the individuals
to move towards pleasure, fulfilment, freedom and peace.
These are directed upwards. Whereas, negative values are the ones that cause bondage,
sorrow, anger, frustration and conflicts.

16.  The body of moral principle or values followed by individual.
 These are your actions!!
 Ethics are a system of moral principles and a branch defines
what is good for individual and society.

17. 1. “What is right vs.. what is wrong”…
2. Morals are principles and values based on what a person or society believes are the
right, proper or acceptable ways of behaving.

18. Three Key Branches of Ethics
 Descriptive ethics involves describing, characterizing and studying morality “What is”
 Normative ethics involves supplying and justifying moral systems “What should be”
 Applied Ethics about “how” moral outcomes can be achieved in specific situations;

19. Moral Values. Moral values are the standards of good and evil, which govern an
individual’s behavior and choices.
OR
Values are the criteria for determining good and bad, fair and unfair, just and unjust.

21. Moral Principles or Values
• Trustworthiness
• Respect
• Responsibility
• Fairness
• Caring
• Citizenship

22. Moral Principles or Values
 Trustworthiness
 Work with little supervision, yet seek guidance as needed.
 Be honest, reliable, and ethical in all dealings. Refuse to steal, misuse or abuse company
time, property or equipment.
 Refuse to lie, cheat, deceive, manipulate, exploit or take advantage of others.

23. Moral Principles or Values
 Respect
 Value and honor all people.
 Respect the dignity, privacy and freedom of all.
 Use good manners. Be courteous and polite.
 Listen to and communicate openly with others.
 Be friendly and cooperative.

24. Moral Principles or Values
Responsibility
 Show initiative. Pay attention to detail. Pursue excellence.
 Be loyal.
 Strive to improve abilities, learn new skills and take on broader responsibilities.

 Be accountable. Fulfill commitments, persevere and get the job done.

25. Moral Principles or Values
Fairness
 Listen. Know your job. Communicate honestly.
 Consider all stakeholders and the possible short- and long-term consequences of
decisions.
 Use tact and courtesy.
 Share knowledge, ideas and skills with others.

26. Moral Principles or Values
Caring
 Strive for harmonious, mutually beneficial relationships.
 Show kindness and sensitivity to the feelings of others.
 Express gratitude.
 Show personal concern for others.
 Take time to help others.
 Be kind.. Be kind.. Be kind..

27. Moral Principles or Values
Citizenship
 Understand and contribute to the organization.
 Take care of equipment and resources.
 Pursue life-long learning.
 Volunteer without expectation of recognition or reward.
 Be a role model and mentor to new employees.

28. Character is like a tree and reputation like its shadow. The shadow is what we think of it; the
tree is the real thing.
-Abraham Lincoln
What is Character?
The inherent complex of attributes that determine a persons moral and ethical actions
and reactions.

29. What are Characteristics of Character?
 Trustworthiness
 Respect
 Inspiring
 Integrity
 Confident
 Honesty
 Competent
 Courageous
 Tact
 Fairness
 Loyal
 Unselfish
 Responsibility
 Citizenship
 Caring

30. Impacting Moral & Character Development
Four major questions need to be addressed when focusing on character development:
1. What is good character?
2. What causes or prevents good character?
3. How can good character be measured ?
4. How can good character best be developed?

31. Impacting Moral & Character Development
1. What is good character?
• Personal
• Honest and truthful
• Autonomous
• Responsible
• Self-management and self-discipline
• Courageous
• Integrity

32. Impacting Moral & Character Development
What causes or prevents good character?
1. Early childhood experience
2. Modeling by important adults & older youth
3. peer influence
4. general physical and social environment
5. communications media
6. content taught in the schools, etc.
7. specific situations and roles

33. Impacting Moral & Character Development
How can good character be measured ?
• Cognitive knowledge
• Age appropriate cognitive and moral development.
• Values expressed
• Commitments expressed
• Written plans
• Personal and social overt behaviour
Impacting Moral & Character Development
How can good character best be developed? Effective communication and shared values
among families, schools, religious organizations, and communities.

34. Personal experience - Moral Values  I have learnt through this assignment how to
behave in a society with morals, values and principles.
I learnt to be honest, reliable, and ethical in all dealings pertaining to my job and
career.
I learnt how to respect, honour and value the people.
Personal experience - Moral Values
I learnt how to strive to improve abilities, learn new skills and take on broader
responsibilities.
I learnt how to share knowledge, ideas and skills with others.
I learnt to show kindness and sensitivity to the feelings of others.

35. Classification of Values :
 Ethical Values
 Social Values
 Spiritual Values
 Educational Values
 Professional Values
Ethical Values / Moral Values :
Concept –
Right / Wrong
Good / Bad
Influence the activities of Human being