This paper identifies the issue of pupils’ indiscipline as manifested in some anti-social behaviour
among which aggression is one, especially in the primary school for a long time. This paper focuses on the
nature of aggression, causation of this detrimental behaviour (aggression). It also touches on the effects of
aggression, discussion on the process of controlling it among the individual children in both school and the
home and finally concluded with specific recommendations by the authors.
This presentation was created for CUIN 607 at Coppin State University and explains that in order for students to learn and succeeds all needs have to be met - within and beyond the classroom.
This presentation was created for CUIN 607 at Coppin State University and explains that in order for students to learn and succeeds all needs have to be met - within and beyond the classroom.
Behavior Modification Techniques For Children That Work Like A CharmMichael Lee
With proper behavior modification techniques for children, you can address issues like temper tantrums, selfish behavior and disrespect - all in record time. This presentation shows you how.
Erikson (1968) developed Psychosocial Stages which emphasized developmental change throughout the human life span. At each stage there is a crisis or task that we need to resolve. Successful completion of each developmental task results in a sense of competence and a healthy personality. Failure to master these tasks leads to feelings of inadequacy.
Parental Support, Self-Esteem and Emotional Intelligence as Predictors of Soc...iosrjce
The Nigerian contemporary African society often sees mentally challenged children as being
bewitched, possessed, or spiritually inflicted and fails to see their situation from the biological, physiological or
accidental perspective of nature. This ill conceive feelings make members of the society and even immediate
family members behave in an unaccommodating manner to mentally challenged children at home or school.
This has negative implication on their well-being. In view of this context, this study investigated parental
support, self-esteem, and emotional intelligence as predictors of social anxiety among mentally challenged
children in Ibadan, Nigeria. Using the descriptive survey research design of ex-post factor, three research
questions were answered and data were collected using four validated instruments, from seventy (70) socially
anxious mentally challenged pupils selected through multi-stage sampling technique. Data was analysed using
the Multiple Regression Analysis at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that the independent variables
(parental support, self-esteem and emotional intelligence) made joint contribution of 58.5% variance on the
dependent variable (social anxiety). Also, the independent variables significantly predicted the dependent
variable. Thus, it was recommended that the family, school, teachers and society should support the
developmental needs of mentally challenged pupils in school and at home instead of treating them with disdain.
Behavior Modification Techniques For Children That Work Like A CharmMichael Lee
With proper behavior modification techniques for children, you can address issues like temper tantrums, selfish behavior and disrespect - all in record time. This presentation shows you how.
Erikson (1968) developed Psychosocial Stages which emphasized developmental change throughout the human life span. At each stage there is a crisis or task that we need to resolve. Successful completion of each developmental task results in a sense of competence and a healthy personality. Failure to master these tasks leads to feelings of inadequacy.
Parental Support, Self-Esteem and Emotional Intelligence as Predictors of Soc...iosrjce
The Nigerian contemporary African society often sees mentally challenged children as being
bewitched, possessed, or spiritually inflicted and fails to see their situation from the biological, physiological or
accidental perspective of nature. This ill conceive feelings make members of the society and even immediate
family members behave in an unaccommodating manner to mentally challenged children at home or school.
This has negative implication on their well-being. In view of this context, this study investigated parental
support, self-esteem, and emotional intelligence as predictors of social anxiety among mentally challenged
children in Ibadan, Nigeria. Using the descriptive survey research design of ex-post factor, three research
questions were answered and data were collected using four validated instruments, from seventy (70) socially
anxious mentally challenged pupils selected through multi-stage sampling technique. Data was analysed using
the Multiple Regression Analysis at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that the independent variables
(parental support, self-esteem and emotional intelligence) made joint contribution of 58.5% variance on the
dependent variable (social anxiety). Also, the independent variables significantly predicted the dependent
variable. Thus, it was recommended that the family, school, teachers and society should support the
developmental needs of mentally challenged pupils in school and at home instead of treating them with disdain.
ORIGINAL ARTICLESchool-Based Group Interventions for Child.docxalfred4lewis58146
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
School-Based Group Interventions for Children Exposed
to Domestic Violence
E. Heather Thompson & Shannon Trice-Black
Published online: 6 March 2012
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
Abstract Children exposed to the trauma of domestic vio-
lence tend to experience difficulties with internalized and
externalized behavior problems, social skills deficits, and
academic functioning. Mental health practitioners in the
school setting, including school counselors, school psycholo-
gists, and school social workers, can address developmental
concerns that impede development through group counseling
interventions that include both structured activities and play
therapy. The school environment offers an ideal setting in
which to work with child survivors of trauma, as all students
have accessibility to school mental health resources. This
article outlines the primary objectives and corresponding pro-
cedures for a developmentally- appropriate group interven-
tions for elementary-aged children who have been exposed to
the trauma of domestic violence.
Keywords Domestic violence . Children . Counseling
Nearly four million children in the United States struggle
with a diagnosable mental disorder that significantly hinders
various areas of functioning which impacts their ability to be
successful at school (U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services 1999). Less than 20% of those children will get the
mental health services they need (U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services 2000). Many of the urgent mental
health needs of children are first recognized and addressed
in the school setting (Farmer et al. 2003; Salmon and Kirby
2008). Recent research indicates the importance of provid-
ing mental health services for children within their schools
in order to help them succeed academically and socially
(Baker et al. 2006; Farmer et al. 2003).
School mental health professionals often provide preven-
tive and responsive interventions to student needs (American
School Counselor Association [ASCA] 2005; National
Association of School Psychologists 2010). In fact, the
ASCA (2005) recommends that school counselors spend at
least 80% of their time in direct contact with students. Based
on this, schools counselors often are faced with the wide-
reaching problem of domestic violence which affects ap-
proximately 15 million children each year (McDonald et al.
2006). Children who reside in homes marked by domestic
violence are exposed to various forms of aggression which
may include repeated physical assaults, mental humiliation
and degradation, threats and assaults with guns and knives,
threats of suicide and homicide, and destruction of property
(McClosky et al. 1995). Investigation of the negative effects
of children’s exposure to domestic violence reveals a link
between witnessing violence in the home and a wide array of
adjustment problems. Child-witnesses of domestic violence
often experience chaotic, distressing events, of which .
Education has a multitude of products on which it can be reflected. The great majority of themes related with the educational process are of sum importance because the education deploys a reality that manages the transformation and the development of society.
How do genetic and environmental factors work together to influemeagantobias
How do genetic and environmental factors work together to influence emotional and moral development? What can parents do to ensure healthy emotional and moral development with their children?
This week you’re going on a field trip – an internet field trip! Please do a search online for a current event that relates to the material in the reading this week. Give a brief summary of what you found and explain how it fits in with what you learned this week. Don’t forget to cite your source!
Emotional Development and Moral Development
This week we will explore the functions of emotions, the development of emotional expression and emotional understanding, the role of temperament, and the development and significance of attachment. Additionally, we will study moral development. Topics involving moral development will include the study of morality as the adoption of societal norms, morality as social understanding, moral reasoning of young children, the development of self-control, and the development of aggression.
Topics to be covered include:
Stages of Emotional Development
Moral Development
Emotional Development
Emotion is defined as a rapid appraisal of the personal significance of a situation that prepares us for action. When you experience something that is personally relevant, there is physiological response in your body that causes a behavioral response. If you get into an argument, someone you love smiles at you, or you accomplish a challenging task, you feel a surge of emotion. Your behavioral responses to your emotions is part of what makes you unique!
EMOTIONS DEFINED
Theorists with a functionalist approach to emotion believe that emotions play an integral role in cognitive processing, social behavior, and physical health. They believe that the purpose of emotions is to motivate behavior aimed at accomplishing personal goals. If you have a goal in mind, the anticipation of the outcome, as well as the outcome itself, triggers emotions that help dictate your response. As an individual interacts with his or her environment and situations change, emotions change.
We see how cognition and emotions work together when we consider the impact of anxiety on performance. When anxiety levels rise, thinking skills are often impacted, as attention given to mental processing is now occupied with thoughts of worry. In addition, children who become distressed tend to better recall that particular experience, showing emotion is linked to memory. We also previously learned that two childhood growth disorders, nonorganic failure to thrive and psychosocial dwarfism, result from emotional deprivation.
SOCIAL SITUATIONS
SELF-AWARENESS
HEALTH
Emotional Expression
The progression of emotional expression occurs with age. In early infancy, happiness is displayed through smiles and laughter, often as a reaction to parental affection or the achievement of sensorimotor goals. Infants also begin to experience anger (as a result of not being able ...
Bullying in Schools Essay
Bullying in our Schools Essay
Bullying In Schools
Essay about Bullying in Schools
School Bullying Essay
Bullying In Schools Essay
Bullying In School Essay
Bullying In Schools Essay
Essay on Bullying in Schools
Bullying in Schools Essay
Essay on Bullying in Schools
1Running Head CONSEQUENCES OF BULLYING .docxaulasnilda
1
Running Head: CONSEQUENCES OF BULLYING
Running Head: CONSEQUENCES OF BULLYING 1
Name
What Are the Consequences of Bullying in Young Children?
Course
Institute
Professor
What Are the Consequences of Bullying in Young Children?
Bullying refers to aggressive and unwanted behavior among young children that shows presence of a perceived or a real power imbalance. Bullying has effects on the bully, the one being bullied, as well as witnesses. There are several negative outcomes of bullying with are both physical and mental. It is important to look at the effects of bullying on young children.
The kids who are bullied suffer the worst outcomes both in their lives physically, socially, and mentally. The first effect of the bullying is anxiety and depression. The child will experience feelings of loneliness and sadness. At the same time, the child will have a change in the eating and sleeping patterns (Fullchange & Furlong, 2016). The depression and anxiety also lead to loss of interest in the activities which they previously enjoyed. The issues in younger children will extend to their adulthood.
When young children are bullied, they experience a decline in their academic achievement. The child will lose interest in schoolwork and get less marks because they are distracted. The young children also avoid things like school activities such as sports. The children might end up skipping, missing, or dropping out of school altogether (Fullchange & Furlong, 2016).
Bullying also ends up affecting the bully in one way or another. The first effect on the bully is that they engage in fights, vandalism, and eventually drop out of the school (Cho & Lee, 2018). The young children who are bullies will get into other activities such as the vandalism if their truant behaviors go uncontrolled. The young children will end up with other criminal convictions as well as traffic citations.
The bully when he continues the behavior will end up making an abusive partner and parent when they develop into adults. It is important to control such behaviors as the aggressiveness ends up going into the personal lives. The bully is unable to form normal human relationships based on values such as love and care (Cho & Lee, 2018).
Literature Review
Bullying in young children is considered a consistent pattern of abuse as well as mistreatment from colleagues, parents or even other unknown people which leads to either emotional or even physical harm. It can entail such techniques like verbal along with non-verbal, humiliation and psychological torture. Bullying during infancy is usually considered to be challenging since it operates within the child’s established laws and regulations. In most cases, bullying in young children is carried out by a ...
1Running Head CONSEQUENCES OF BULLYING .docxRAJU852744
1
Running Head: CONSEQUENCES OF BULLYING
Running Head: CONSEQUENCES OF BULLYING 1
Name
What Are the Consequences of Bullying in Young Children?
Course
Institute
Professor
What Are the Consequences of Bullying in Young Children?
Bullying refers to aggressive and unwanted behavior among young children that shows presence of a perceived or a real power imbalance. Bullying has effects on the bully, the one being bullied, as well as witnesses. There are several negative outcomes of bullying with are both physical and mental. It is important to look at the effects of bullying on young children.
The kids who are bullied suffer the worst outcomes both in their lives physically, socially, and mentally. The first effect of the bullying is anxiety and depression. The child will experience feelings of loneliness and sadness. At the same time, the child will have a change in the eating and sleeping patterns (Fullchange & Furlong, 2016). The depression and anxiety also lead to loss of interest in the activities which they previously enjoyed. The issues in younger children will extend to their adulthood.
When young children are bullied, they experience a decline in their academic achievement. The child will lose interest in schoolwork and get less marks because they are distracted. The young children also avoid things like school activities such as sports. The children might end up skipping, missing, or dropping out of school altogether (Fullchange & Furlong, 2016).
Bullying also ends up affecting the bully in one way or another. The first effect on the bully is that they engage in fights, vandalism, and eventually drop out of the school (Cho & Lee, 2018). The young children who are bullies will get into other activities such as the vandalism if their truant behaviors go uncontrolled. The young children will end up with other criminal convictions as well as traffic citations.
The bully when he continues the behavior will end up making an abusive partner and parent when they develop into adults. It is important to control such behaviors as the aggressiveness ends up going into the personal lives. The bully is unable to form normal human relationships based on values such as love and care (Cho & Lee, 2018).
Literature Review
Bullying in young children is considered a consistent pattern of abuse as well as mistreatment from colleagues, parents or even other unknown people which leads to either emotional or even physical harm. It can entail such techniques like verbal along with non-verbal, humiliation and psychological torture. Bullying during infancy is usually considered to be challenging since it operates within the child’s established laws and regulations. In most cases, bullying in young children is carried out by a.
examining how divorce/ separation, witnessing domestic abuse, abuse, and witnessing repeated community violence and show how the interaction between family, community, and society can stimulate and influence a child’s development; looking at the externalizing and internalizing behaviors,within the child’s psychological, emotional, behavioral, cognitive processes, school competence and performance, and relationships with others.
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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Does Goods and Services Tax (GST) Leads to Indian Economic Development?iosrjce
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Childhood Factors that influence success in later lifeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customer’s Acceptance of Internet Banking in Dubaiiosrjce
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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Student`S Approach towards Social Network Sitesiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Broadcast Management in Nigeria: The systems approach as an imperativeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study on Retailer’s Perception on Soya Products with Special Reference to T...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study Factors Influence on Organisation Citizenship Behaviour in Corporate ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Consumers’ Behaviour on Sony Xperia: A Case Study on Bangladeshiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Design of a Balanced Scorecard on Nonprofit Organizations (Study on Yayasan P...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Public Sector Reforms and Outsourcing Services in Nigeria: An Empirical Evalu...iosrjce
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Media Innovations and its Impact on Brand awareness & Considerationiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customer experience in supermarkets and hypermarkets – A comparative studyiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Social Media and Small Businesses: A Combinational Strategic Approach under t...iosrjce
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Secretarial Performance and the Gender Question (A Study of Selected Tertiary...iosrjce
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Implementation of Quality Management principles at Zimbabwe Open University (...iosrjce
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Organizational Conflicts Management In Selected Organizaions In Lagos State, ...iosrjce
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Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
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1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
Problems of Aggressive Behaviour among Primary School Children
1. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSR-JRME)
e-ISSN: 2320–7388,p-ISSN: 2320–737X Volume 5, Issue 1 Ver. II (Jan - Feb. 2015), PP 11-14
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/7388-05121114 www.iosrjournals.org 11 | Page
Problems of Aggressive Behaviour among Primary School
Children
1
Tata Umar SA’AD, 2
Hassan Saleh
1
School of Education, College of Education
P. M. B. O44, Azare, Bauchi State, Nigeria
2
School of Education, College Of Education, P. M. B. 044, Azare, Bauchi State, Nigeria
Abstract: This paper identifies the issue of pupils’ indiscipline as manifested in some anti-social behaviour
among which aggression is one, especially in the primary school for a long time. This paper focuses on the
nature of aggression, causation of this detrimental behaviour (aggression). It also touches on the effects of
aggression, discussion on the process of controlling it among the individual children in both school and the
home and finally concluded with specific recommendations by the authors.
Key words: Problems, Aggressive Behaviour, Primary School, Children
I. Introduction
Individuals, including the child experiences frustration situation as a result of thwarted effort to achieve
a goal or satisfying some particular needs every day. These needs range from physical through social to
psychological. People react differently when frustration sets in as a result of their in ability to achieve their set
goal to satisfy their needs (Kolo and Yaroson, 2004). A typical reaction to frustration by many children of
primary school age is aggression. Aggression, be it direct or indirect is more or less regarded as anti-social
behaviour which should not be encouraged in children as it cannot only be harmful to the exhibitor but also to
others around him. Chauhan, (2007) was of the view that what a teacher should do to curb aggressive behaviour
in child and probably the way of helping the child release the built up tension is to make it clear to him the
desirable and undesirable behaviour. Aggression as anti-social emotional and behaviour is treated with contempt
by most teachers. Punishment in any form is always the reward for the exhibition of such behaviour as a way of
trying to curb it.
Mukherjee, (2002) was of view that punishment of any kind may not always be the best reward for the
exhibition of aggressive behaviour as most aggressive behaviour in children may be result of what the exhibiter
may term as an unjust treatment from a superior (may be punishment either in the school or at home). Such
children would as a result of the need to release the bottle up tension created by the unjust treatment received
from an adult, find a way of retaliating on the young one’s by way of bullying and fighting. Therefore,
Suleiman, (2011) was of the view that the effectiveness of any punishment depends largely on the teacher, the
individuals concerned, and the class.
II. Review of Related Literature
Nature of Aggression
Whenever an emotion is experienced, the most striking aspect is the feeling it produces. Experience of
fear, anger, gloom or glee yield a vivid, immediate sensation a number of which seem to be countless. Rathus,
(1999) was of the view that it is always difficult to describe an emotional feeling other than just giving it a
name. Also Robila and Krishne, (2004) were of the view that aggression like any other emotion is difficult to
describe as it is accompanied by a thousand and one emotional sensations. However, it is the hostile aggression
(making another person experiencing pain) that is given utmost attention by parents or teachers and anybody
concern with the upbringing of children. But positive aggressive behaviours are always ignored until they turned
sour.
According to William James, one of the earliest psychologists of 19th
century, emotional responses
were instinctive. According to James, the feelings, sensations, and behaviour appropriate to the emotions were
inborn reaction to the particular stimuli. He gives an example of fear which was supposedly an inborn reaction
to certain noise, strange men, strange animal, solitude, darkness and high place.
But this assertion was discredited by John B. Watson, the founder of the behavioural school of thought
in psychology who put James list of fear provoking stimuli to experimental test. He found out that an infant of
four to six months old displayed a total lack of emotional reactions when brought in contact with some strange
animal like dog, black cat among others. Some behaviour reactions may be as a result of reflex responses (an
automatic, unlearned, muscular response to a stimulus) which cause various facial changes and fear. Mcloyd,
(1999) was of the view that hostile aggression is learned and develops slowly. Sometimes aggressive behaviours
2. Problems of Aggressive Behaviour among Primary School Children
DOI: 10.9790/7388-05121114 www.iosrjournals.org 12 | Page
are imitated from adult models even though some are inborn reflex and emotional behavior to situations. But
aggression which is aimed at removing an obstacle or satisfying some needs is a learned behaviour.
Causes of Aggression
As discussed earlier, frustration is always associated with aggression as the behaviour shown by an
individual when he has been thwarted and prevented from achieving a goal as well as the way a person tries to
prevent being thwarted at all.
There are so many sources of frustrating situation some of which include, the social and physical needs
of the child not being met by parents, teachers, peer groups, and anybody that interacts socially with the child.
Other sources include poverty, personal in adequacies.
Parents
Ajeagbu, (1999) was of the view that parent may be responsible for aggressive behaviour in their
children. According to her, the child who turns into a bully may be a product of parental teasing and bullying.
She added that homes where tension is incessant are damaging for the child’s emotional development. It is also
observed that some children came from homes in which they are neither loved nor valued by their parents. This
type of child may become lonely and helpless as his need for affection, and security are threatened.
These unmet needs may be the source of one’s misbehaviour, if the child notices that he gains attention
only when he misbehaves. Other conditions in the home, such as polygamy and extended family can also be
harmful to the child’s security if they are characterized by tension. Haggai and Mallum, (2000) were of the view
that poor family relationship and interference from the extended family also make the child develops aggressive
behaviour. Therefore, it is clear that where there is poor parenting, then there must be resultant effect on the
child that can lead to aggression in him.
Peer Group Influence
Aggression caused by peer group influence always finds its root in teasing and bullying. This
accordingly may involve pointing out and jerking at a real or supposed disability. This includes the use of
nickname which arouses anger. In addition to the above assertion, some children indulge in activities socially
unacceptable like beating up younger ones and making others, feel miserable just to make their group of friends
hold them high as mark of superiority. This behaviour has its roots in inferiority complex that may have
developed as a result of over protection or neglect of the child by the parents, or lack of security and love.
Teacher’s Role
The contribution of teachers as source of unwholesome behaviour of children cannot be
overemphasized. Erikson, (1973) maintains that teachers who are inadequately trained in psychology and
mental hygiene unwittingly commit many serious errors and carry forward practices that are extremely
detrimental to good mental health of the pupils. As a result of lack of knowledge of psychology, many teachers
use stringent, autocratic control in the classrooms that have the unfortunate effect of reducing children’s
resourcefulness and initiative. Since teachers, peers, older children, parents, and status – figures are model to the
child. Children tend to emulate blindly actions of the teachers. Thus, an aggressive teacher whose only method
of controlling his class is through punishment, corporal or otherwise will only produce aggressiveness in his
pupils’ personality. The degree of teacher’s punishment towards pupils is positively correlated with their
aggressive behaviour (Sule, 1994). Anger in the teacher, expressed physically or verbally towards children tends
to make them give wrong answers or make mistake and this also leads to aggressiveness in them.
Personal Inadequacies
The child who is physically or mentally inadequate for tasks that are expected of him is certain to
experience frustration. According to Haggai and Mallum, (2000) frustration can also be as a result of the child’s
inability to reach the goal he set for himself. The aggressive behaviour in this case may be direct in which case
the object of frustration is either destroyed or thrown away or indirect when the pen-up energy that cannot be
used to achieve a particular goal might be channeled to a socially acceptable activity. Also Haggai and Mallum,
(2000) were of the view that if proper care is not taken by the people that interact with this type of a child, he
may become a social isolate with its numerous attendant problems.
Poverty
Worthy of mention also is the socio-economic status of the home where a child comes from. Although
not all children who came from underprivileged homes by any means, but statistically speaking low socio-
economic status breeds condition unfavourable to sound adjustment.
3. Problems of Aggressive Behaviour among Primary School Children
DOI: 10.9790/7388-05121114 www.iosrjournals.org 13 | Page
Sociological studies by Lai and Omololu, (2005) found out that among some juvenile delinquent
children in Chicago shows a close connection that exists between poverty and personal mal-adjustment as the
saying goes. A hungry man is an angry man! Thus the child who does not sleep well at night and is not fed
before coming to school as a result of poverty is not expected to perform excellently both behaviourally and
academically in school.
Okonkwo, (2005) was of the view that a child who as a result of poverty cannot afford materials
necessary for school work might exhibit retaliatory aggression towards those who have or more so, bully them
and collect such by force or even resort to stealing from them. For the forgoing, it can be seen that the likely
causes of aggression behaviour in children are numerous and varying in degrees.
The Effects Of Aggression
Garciacoll and Magnussan, (2000) were of the view that aggression can be devastating on both the
aggressor and the recipient of the aggressive behaviour when aggression is intended to assault or injure another,
to belittle, harm, or maliciously ridicule a person. In this case the aggressive behaviour exhibited may inflict
physical or psychological injuries on the recipient there by causing a permanent damage to recipient in a form of
blindness, deafness, lameness or even death leaving the exhibiter of the aggressive behaviour with a feeling of
the guilt for life which may ever make the exhibitor go psychotic.
In as much as hostile aggression which aim at destruction of life and property should be curbed,
psychologist have argued that positive aggressive which responses to the need to fight and win by way of trying
to achieving a set goal should be encouraged (Haggai and Mallum, 2000). Every classroom needs a monster
indicated that to repress all aggressive feeling is bad from a mental hygiene point of view. The repression of
such they continues, may lead to anxiety and neurosis. In support of creating a vent to occasionally to blow off
the steam pent-up. Devries and Devries (1997) were of the view that every child needs to find some weary to
express an anger, hostility, and destructiveness which arise out of the thwarting which he faces. Some of the
socially accepted channels for relieving aggressive feelings include activities like athletic contest or sports,
dramatic plays, storytelling and a host of others. The child who has not socially accepted outlet for his hostile
feeling will either repress them or possibly develop anxieties, or he may becomes aggressive in non- socially
acceptable ways.
Process of Controlling Aggression
One way, Freud proposed to control aggression is by channeling pent-up aggressive energy in to
socially approved activities, from painting to competitive sports.
Family and socializing agents would use the power of rewards to socialize males who commit most of
the physical violence to be more quite and compassionate (Devries and Devries, 1997).
The boys should be discouraged from aggression very early in life and rewards them for other
behaviours. They should be encouraged to develop socially positive qualities like tenderness, sensitivity to
feelings nurturance cooperativeness and empathy.
Chauhan (2007) recommends using teachers’ and parents’ reports to identify children who seem
headed for aggressive behaviour. The parents of these youngsters would be taught how to punish anti-social
behaviour.
Eliminating the pay offs of aggression. Aggression can be reduced by identifying and then eliminating
its reinforcing consequences.
The catharsis process, it was once believe that aggression is a means of venting steam, and that it can
thus prevented by having the aggressive child channel energy in to other behaviour or experience aggression
vicariously. Hitting a punching bag or watching a wrestling match, then, could take the place of engaging in
aggressive behaviour.
The assertion of Ruthus (1999) revealed that media awareness causes a lot of aggressive behavior in
children. Therefore, many psychologist favours an approach that would limit the media’s influence by educating
children and adults.
III. Conclusion
In this paper efforts have been made to show the effect of aggression on children when they failed to
achieve their set goal or satisfying their needs especially physically, socially or psychological. The main purpose
for doing so are first to draw attention to the fact that there are differences in aggression ranging from mild to
hard aggression among children as a result of personal inadequacies, parental failure, peer group roles, poverty
e.t.c.
Other condition necessitate this condition involves polygamy and extend family influence where poor
family relationship interferes in consistent requirement from different adult security of a child resulting in such
anti-social behaviour such as aggression as a means of satisfying the need for social recognition.
4. Problems of Aggressive Behaviour among Primary School Children
DOI: 10.9790/7388-05121114 www.iosrjournals.org 14 | Page
The remediation of the problems pointed out above would not only make teaching and learning
successful, but would also make the acquisition of the right type of skills, knowledge, and desirable attitude
change possible for the improvement and development of the learner (child), and their society or environment.
IV. Recommendations
Specifically, the authors recommended the following:
- Cousellors are to be employed into our primary schools, so as to counsel the child who shows some signs of
aggression.
- Professionally trained teachers are to be employed into our primary schools, so that aggressive behavior of
the children can be properly managed and controlled.
- Proper and regular supervisions by the supervisory division of the LEA, SUBEB and UBEC should be
carried out to monitor the way teachers are handling the children in our primary schools.
- Proper application of reward and punishment by both the teachers and parents can help in tackling
aggressive behavior in primary school children.
- Well conducive school atmosphere should be provided so as to make children comfortable, thereby
reducing the occurrence of aggressive behavior in them.
- Sporting activities should be emphasized in our primary schools to reduce the level of aggression in primary
school children.
- Curriculum of primary school should always reflect the needs of the children and should be child and
activity centered.
- Parents and teachers should work hand-in-hand in dealing with aggressive behavior of primary school
children.
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