Rudolf Dreikurs was a founder of child guidance centers who developed a theory of misbehavior based on Alfred Adler's ideas. He believed all behavior stems from a need to belong and gain social acceptance. When students are unsuccessful, misbehavior arises from one of four goals: attention-getting, power/control, revenge, or helplessness. Dreikurs advocated addressing the underlying goal, using encouragement over punishment, and adopting a democratic teaching style.