Hybrid pigeonpea shows promise to improve yields in India but faces challenges. Manual hybridization is difficult so methods using genetic and cytoplasmic male sterility were developed. Early hybrids from the 1990s showed yield gains but lack stability. Future prospects include developing more stable hybrids using wild relatives and genomics. This will help breed hybrids tolerant to abiotic and biotic stresses with improved traits for farmers and consumers.
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This presentation is done by Export Agriculture students of 2010/11 batch of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Fruit & Vegetable Cultivation”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition
Selfing and crossing techniques in crop plants and Breeders KitRajendragouda Patil
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Functional Genomics Prospective of Chickpea Breeding: Constraints and Future ...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important legume crop, cultivated in semi-arid and warm temperate zones. It is rich in protein so, one of the most important ingredients of human as well as animal feed. It is grown over 50 countries and traded across 140 countries of the world. The advancement in the development in the genomic resource it made the chickpea enable to adapt the biotic and abiotic stresses. We can create the genetic variability through conventional and non-conventional breeding methods because it is the basic key for breeder. The modern tools of biotechnology and genomic technology in chickpea will improved the breeding program of chickpea and decrease the time to develop new cultivars. However, the efforts have already been directed towards the chickpea improvement by the utilization of the genomics and biotechnological tools. Use of these techniques is expected to be very important in future breeding program. This review covered the genomics perspective of chickpea, constrains and future directions.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/fulltext/MCDA.000567.php
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com
For more articles on journal of agronomy and crop science please click on below link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/
This presentation is done by Export Agriculture students of 2010/11 batch of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Fruit & Vegetable Cultivation”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition
Selfing and crossing techniques in crop plants and Breeders KitRajendragouda Patil
Studying about, Selfing and crossing techniques in crop plants and Breeders Kit,helps to students and researchers to select appropriate techniques for selfing and crossing in different crops.
Functional Genomics Prospective of Chickpea Breeding: Constraints and Future ...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important legume crop, cultivated in semi-arid and warm temperate zones. It is rich in protein so, one of the most important ingredients of human as well as animal feed. It is grown over 50 countries and traded across 140 countries of the world. The advancement in the development in the genomic resource it made the chickpea enable to adapt the biotic and abiotic stresses. We can create the genetic variability through conventional and non-conventional breeding methods because it is the basic key for breeder. The modern tools of biotechnology and genomic technology in chickpea will improved the breeding program of chickpea and decrease the time to develop new cultivars. However, the efforts have already been directed towards the chickpea improvement by the utilization of the genomics and biotechnological tools. Use of these techniques is expected to be very important in future breeding program. This review covered the genomics perspective of chickpea, constrains and future directions.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/fulltext/MCDA.000567.php
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com
For more articles on journal of agronomy and crop science please click on below link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/
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Study in respect to origin distribution of species –wild relatives- and forms of breeding objectives –major breeding procedure for development of hybrids varieties in wheat
Status of Transgenics in Pest Management: Global and Indian ScenarioJayantyadav94
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Advances in legume breeding for better livelihoods of smallholder farmers in ssaTropical Legumes III
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Advances in legume breeding for better livelihoods of smallholder farmers in ...ICRISAT
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deficits). Reference sets developed for assorted legumes and traits of agronomic importance identified for further crop improvement.
A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. The exact definition of a genetically modified organism and what constitutes genetic engineering varies, with the most common being an organism altered in a way that "does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination". A wide variety of organisms have been genetically modified (GM), from animals to plants and microorganisms.
STUDY OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND YIELD ATRIBUTING CHARACTERS IN INDIGENOUS RICE (OR...Vipin Pandey
The present study was carried out to study ninety four rice accessions, along with checks, on the basis of sixteen
qualitative and twenty quantitative characters. Analysis of variance for quantitative characters showed differences for
different characters. High coefficient of variation in the entire genotypes was observed for grain yield per plant (27.4 %),
number of effective tillers per plant (22.37 %), test weight (21.14 %) and kernel length breadth ratio (20.59 %).
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number of grains per panicle, plant height and number of effective tiller per plant; harvest index, test weight, flag leaf
length and days to maturity had positive highly significant correlation with grain yield per plant. Principal Component
Analysis revealed, out of 20, only seven principal components (PCs) exhibited more than 1.00 eigen value, and showed
about 77.42 % variability among the traits studied. So, these 7 PCs were given due importance for further explanation.
Component matrix revealed that the PC1 was mostly related to quality characters while PC2, PC3, PC4, PC5, PC6 and
PC7 mostly associated with yield related traits. Cluster analysis performed by UPGMA method using Euclidean distance
as dissimilarity measure divided the 97 genotypes of rice into ten clusters. The cluster III constituted of 48 genotypes,
forming the largest cluster followed by cluster VI (22 genotypes), cluster V (10 genotypes), cluster II (5 genotypes) and
cluster VIII (4 genotypes), cluster I, IV and VII (two genotypes each), cluster IX and X had (only one genotypes each).
Quality analysis performed for 97 rice genotypes revealed wide range of genetic variability for most of the quality traits.
Inter specific hybridization to introduce useful genetic variability for pig...Vipin Pandey
Pulses occupy an important place in Indian agriculture. Within this protein-rich group of crops, red gram or pigeonpea occupies an important place among rainfed resource poor farmers because it provides quality food, fuel wood, broom and fodder.
Hybrids are plants that result from controlled cross-breeding of two different but specific varieties or breeding lines of the same species of plant. Wild species are important sources of resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses as they have evolved to survive droughts, floods, extremes of temperature (heat/ cold) and have the capability to with stand damage by insect pests and diseases. Ten alleles reported unique to inter-specific derivatives of Cajanus cajan × C. scarabaeoides. The presence of alleles unique to specific population or group indicates an inimitable genetic variability at certain loci. This information is valuable to categorise interspecific hybrids with exclusive genetic variability, whose selection can increase the allele richness of breeding population (Saxena, 2015).
High levels of resistance is available in wild Cajanus species, these are not being utilised adequately in pigeonpea breeding programs. The major limitation is due to the linkage drag and different incompatibility barriers between cultivated and wild species. Under such situations, pre-breeding provides a unique opportunity to expand primary gene pool by exploiting genetic variability present in wild species and cultivated germplasm and will ensure continuous supply of new and useful genetic variability into the breeding pipelines to develop new cultivars having high levels of resistance and broad genetic base (Sharma et al., 2013). The major limitation in successfully using Cajanus platycarpus for the improvement of cultivated pigeonpeais embryo abortion in the BC1 generation from the cross C. Platycarpus × C. cajan. This Cajanus platycarpus, although placed in the tertiary gene pool of pigeonpea, is now amenable to gene transfer with the development of suitable embryo rescue techniques (Mallikarjuna et al., 2011).
TOPIC:TRANSGENIC CROPS AND THEIR IMPLICATION IN ENVIRONMENT AND FOOD SAFETYVipin Pandey
Transgenes means genetically modified genesThe term transgenic was first used by Gordon and Ruddle in 1981.
Transgenic crops are plants that have been genetically engineered, a breeding approach that uses recombinant DNA techniques to create plants with new characteristics. They are identified as a class of genetically modified organism (GMO)
Molecular genetics: it deals with the structure, composition, function and replication of chromosomes and genes, representing genetics material like DNA and RNA.
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Ang Chong Yi Navigating Singaporean Flavors: A Journey from Cultural Heritage...Ang Chong Yi
In the heart of Singapore, where tradition meets modernity, He embarks on a culinary adventure that transcends borders. His mission? Ang Chong Yi Exploring the Cultural Heritage and Identity in Singaporean Cuisine. To explore the rich tapestry of flavours that define Singaporean cuisine while embracing innovative plant-based approaches. Join us as we follow his footsteps through bustling markets, hidden hawker stalls, and vibrant street corners.
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One of the top cities of India, Hyderabad is the capital of Telangana and home to some of the biggest companies. But the other aspect of the city is a huge chunk of population that is even deprived of the food and shelter. There are many people in Hyderabad that are not having access to
Problems and prospects of hybrid pigeonpea in india
1. Problems and prospects of
hybrid pigeonpea in India
Speaker: Vipin Kumar Pandey (Ph.D. Scholar)
DOCTORAL SEMINAR II (GP-692)
Presentation Date: 23-12-2017 Time: 3.00pm
2. INTRODUCTION
• ‘Pigeonpea’ name was coined in Barbados
(Gowda et al., 2011).
• Red Gram or Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] an
ideal plant for sustainable agriculture
• It is a diploid (2n=22)
• It’s genome size is 808 Mbp.
(Varshney et al., 2012)
Pigeonpea
Food &
Feed
Bio-
Fertilizer
Nutrient
recycling
Fuel-
wood &
Fodder
Performs
in low
fertility
3. • It have large variation for days to maturity (97days
to 299 days)(Remanandan, 1990)
• It is an excellent source of protein 20-22%
(Saxena et al., 2010)
• In India 2015-2016 its area around 3.96 m ha,
production of 2.56 million tons and productivity of
about 646 kg/ha
(Source : Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Govt. of India, 2015-2016)
INTRODUCTION
4. What is hybrid?
The progeny of a cross between genetically different plants is called hybrid.
How to make hybrid pigeonpea?
• By using hand emasculation (Manual)
• By using Genetic Male Sterility (GMS)
• By using Cytoplasmic Genetic Male Sterility (CGMS)
A honey bee foraging on a pigeonpea flowers
which helps in out crossing
5. By using hand emasculation (Manual)
• Hand emasculation.
• Pollination.
• Tagging and bagging.
6. What is Male sterility?
• Male sterility is refers to a condition in which pollen is either absent
or non-functional in flowering plants.
• J.K. Koelreuter (1763) observed anther abortion in tobacco plant.
• In pigeonpea Genetic Male Sterility (GMS) was first reported by
Reddy et al., 1978.
• In pigeonpea Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) was first developed
by Tikka et al., 1997.
7. Why Male Sterility ???
• Reduced the cost of hybrid seed production.
• Production of large scale of F1 seeds.
• Avoids enormous manual work of emasculation and
pollination.
• Speed up the hybridization programme.
• Commercial exploitation of hybrid vigour.
8. HISTORYOF HYBRID PIGEONPEA
• Mehta and Dave identified early and late maturity types
in 1931. (Mehta and Dave,1933)
• Pigeonpea breeding program started in 1933. (Shaw et al.,
1933)
• ICAR started All India Coordinated Pigeonpea
Improvement Project in 1965. (Ramanujam et al., 1981)
• ICRISAT developed worlds first hybrid pigeonpea
ICPH 8 and release in 1991 by ICAR.
11. HYBRID VARIETIES OF PIGEONPEA BY GMS
HYBRIDS INSTITUTION PLACE YEAR
ICPH 8 ICRISAT &
ICAR
Delhi 1991
PPH 4 PAU Ludhiana 1994
CoPH 1 TNAU Coimbatore 1994
CoPH 2 TNAU Coimbatore 1997
AKPH4101 PDKV Akola 1997
AKPH2022 PDKV Akola 1998
Source (Saxena et al., 2015)
12. Problems related to GMS based hybrid seed production
• Low amount of hybrid seed production (50%).
• Roughing of fertile counterpart of female (cost increasing).
• Lack of necked eye marker for male sterility (linked marker).
• Difficult to maintain genetic purity (insect pollinated).
16. Major problems in pigeonpea hybrid seed production
are:
(i)Long generation time
(ii)Low wind pollination.
(iii)Limits selection of heterotic hybrid parents
(iv)The on-farm seed production exercise
(v)Maintains the genetic purity
(vi)Restoration of fertility
18. Future
prospects
We can make more stable
hybrid
We can use wild relatives
and germplasm for stress
tolerance breeding
Utilization of genomic
resources
We can Breeding for special
traits
20. Future prospects
More stable hybrid
Current hybrids are not stable yield
Fertility restoration are not
stable
Male sterile line are not
stable
21. Future prospects
We can use wild relatives and germplasm for stress tolerance breeding
For abiotic stress tolerance
WATER LOGGING
SALINITY
DROUGHT
LOW TEMPRETURE
For biotic stress tolerance
POD FLY
POD BORER
STERLITY MOSAIC
DISEASE
FUSARIUM WILT
PHYTOPHTHORA BLIGHT
23. Future prospects
Utilization of
genomic sequence
data resources
GENOMICS ASSISTED BREEDING
FOR IDENTIFICATION OF QTLs
FOR DEVELOPING MOLCULAR
MARKER
FOR SCREENING STRESS TOLERANCE
HYBRIDS
EXPLORATION OF IMPORTANT TRAIT
HAVING GERMPLASM
26. Future prospects
We can Breeding
for special traits
For high protein contain
For Long shelf life of green pods and grains
For large attractive white seeds
For easy shelling and high rate of dal recovery
For cooking quality of dal
Editor's Notes
Pulses occupy an important place in Indian agriculture.
Within this protein-rich group of crops, red gram or pigeonpea occupies an important place among rainfed resource poor farmers because it provides quality food, fuel wood, and fodder.
Its soil rejuvenation qualities such as release of soil-bound phosphorous, fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, recycling of soil nutrients, and addition of organic matter make pigeonpea an ideal crop of sustainable agriculture in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of India.
The per capita availability of protein in the country is already one-third of its requirement and if production of this major pulse is not increased significantly, the problem of malnutrition among the poor will further aggravate.