Blood functions to rapidly transport nutrients, waste, gases, hormones, and cells throughout the body. It is composed of plasma and formed elements, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen, while white blood cells defend the body against pathogens and damaged cells. Platelets are involved in clotting to stop blood loss from damaged vessels. When a vessel is injured, clotting is triggered through the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, ultimately forming an insoluble fibrin clot to seal the break in the vessel wall.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
This presentation explains Physiology of blood, Variations in blood cells-Oral manifestations and Clinical importance, Blood groups and Transfusion of blood
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
This presentation explains Physiology of blood, Variations in blood cells-Oral manifestations and Clinical importance, Blood groups and Transfusion of blood
Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells
Karl Landsteiner (June 14, 1868 – June 26, 1943).
Austrian biologist, physician, and immunologist.
Father of Transfusion Medicine .
In 1900 ,Karl Landsteiner found out that the blood of two people under contact agglutinates.
In 1901 ,he found that this effect was due to contact of blood with blood serum.
As a result, he succeeded in identifying the three blood group A,B,and O, which he labelled as C, of human blood.
Landsteiner also found out that blood transfusion between persons with the same blood group did not lead to the destruction of blood cells, whereas this occurred between persons of different blood groups
For More Medicine Free PPT - http://playnever.blogspot.com/
For Health benefits and medicine videos Subscribe youtube channel - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKg-H-sMh9G01zEg4YpndngXODW2bq92w
what is blood clotting
what are clotting factors
list of pathways
names of blood clotting factors
calcium and its role in coagulation of blood
calcium as a co-factor during blood clot
aggregation of platelets by calcium]
activation of factors by calcium
role of calcium in activation of co factors
examples
This is my own word presentation of artificial blood ....easy to read n very helpful ...1st try ...this ppt showing the history of artificial blood with the procedure of making of artificial blood also contains advantage disadvantages ..! Please checkout..thank u ...!!
Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells
Karl Landsteiner (June 14, 1868 – June 26, 1943).
Austrian biologist, physician, and immunologist.
Father of Transfusion Medicine .
In 1900 ,Karl Landsteiner found out that the blood of two people under contact agglutinates.
In 1901 ,he found that this effect was due to contact of blood with blood serum.
As a result, he succeeded in identifying the three blood group A,B,and O, which he labelled as C, of human blood.
Landsteiner also found out that blood transfusion between persons with the same blood group did not lead to the destruction of blood cells, whereas this occurred between persons of different blood groups
For More Medicine Free PPT - http://playnever.blogspot.com/
For Health benefits and medicine videos Subscribe youtube channel - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKg-H-sMh9G01zEg4YpndngXODW2bq92w
what is blood clotting
what are clotting factors
list of pathways
names of blood clotting factors
calcium and its role in coagulation of blood
calcium as a co-factor during blood clot
aggregation of platelets by calcium]
activation of factors by calcium
role of calcium in activation of co factors
examples
This is my own word presentation of artificial blood ....easy to read n very helpful ...1st try ...this ppt showing the history of artificial blood with the procedure of making of artificial blood also contains advantage disadvantages ..! Please checkout..thank u ...!!
This presentation is on the topic blood from circulatory system. The presentation can be used in anatomy & physiology for B.Sc Nursing and GNM students.
it describes in detail about blood, its composition and comparison with normal diagnostic values along with some important physiology related to hemopoiesis and some important blood disorders.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
Navigating the Health Insurance Market_ Understanding Trends and Options.pdfEnterprise Wired
From navigating policy options to staying informed about industry trends, this comprehensive guide explores everything you need to know about the health insurance market.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
We understand the unique challenges pickleball players face and are committed to helping you stay healthy and active. In this presentation, we’ll explore the three most common pickleball injuries and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
2. BLOOD OVERVIEW:
PROVIDES A SYSTEM FOR RAPID TRANSPORT WITHIN
THE BODY
• NUTRIENTS
• HORMONES
• WASTE PRODUCTS
• RESPIRATORY GASES
• CELLS
• HEAT
3. THE FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD
• BLOOD FUNCTIONS INCLUDE:
• TRANSPORT OF CELLS AND COMPOUNDS
• REGULATE PH AND ELECTROLYTES OF INTERSTITIAL
FLUIDS
• LIMIT BLOOD LOSS THROUGH DAMAGED VESSELS
• DEFEND AGAINST PATHOGENS, TOXINS
• ABSORB, DISTRIBUTE HEAT AS PART OF
TEMPERATURE REGULATION
4. THE COMPOSITION OF BLOOD
• BLOOD COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
• WHOLE BLOOD CAN BE FRACTIONATED INTO:
• PLASMA (LIQUID COMPONENT)
• FORMED ELEMENTS (CELLULAR COMPONENTS)
• RED BLOOD CELLS (RBCS)
• WHITE BLOOD CELLS (WBCS)
• PLATELETS
6. BLOOD PLASMA
• PLASMA BASICS
• MAKES UP ABOUT 55% OF
WHOLE BLOOD
• WATER MAKES UP ABOUT
92% OF PLASMA
• HAS MORE PROTEIN AND
OXYGEN THAN
INTERSTITIAL FLUID
• PLASMA PROTEINS FALL IN
THREE CLASSES
• ALBUMINS
• GLOBULINS
• FIBRINOGEN
7. FORMED ELEMENTS
• HEMOPOIESIS—THE CELLULAR PATHWAYS BY WHICH THE
FORMED ELEMENTS ARE PRODUCED.
• STEM CELLS (HEMOCYTOBLASTS)—CELLS THAT DIVIDE
AND MATURE TO PRODUCE ALL THREE CLASSES OF
FORMED ELEMENTS.
8. FORMED ELEMENTS
• RED BLOOD CELLS:
• ALSO CALLED, ERYTHROCYTES OR RBCS
• MAKE UP ABOUT 45% OF WHOLE BLOOD VOLUME
• MAKE UP 99.9% OF THE FORMED ELEMENTS
10. PROPERTIES OF RBCS
• TRANSPORT OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE IN BLOOD
STREAM
• HAVE LARGE SURFACE TO VOLUME RATIO
• SPEEDS UP GAS LOADING/UNLOADING
• LACK MOST ORGANELLES
• MAKES MORE ROOM FOR HEMOGLOBIN
• DEGENERATE AFTER ABOUT 120 DAYS
12. RED BLOOD CELL COMPOSITION:
• HEMOGLOBIN MAKES UP 95% OF RBC PROTEIN
• GLOBULAR PROTEIN COMPOSED OF FOUR SUBUNITS
• EACH SUBUNIT CONTAINS:
1. A GLOBIN PROTEIN CHAIN
2. A MOLECULE OF HEME
3. AN ATOM OF IRON
4. A BINDING SITE FOR ONE OXYGEN MOLECULE
• PHAGOCYTES RECYCLE HEMOGLOBIN FROM DAMAGED
OR DEAD RBCS
13. ERYTHROPOIESIS-
• PROCESS FOR FORMATION OF RED BLOOD CELLS
• OCCURS MAINLY IN THE BONE MARROW
• STIMULATED BY ERYTHROPOIETIN (EPO)
• EPO INCREASES WHEN OXYGEN LEVELS ARE LOW
• DEVELOPMENT STAGES INCLUDE:
• ERYTHROBLASTS
• RETICULOCYTES (AFTER NUCLEUS IS EXPELLED)
14. BLOOD TYPE
• DETERMINED BY PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF SPECIFIC ANTIGENS
(AGGLUTINOGENS) ON OUTSIDE SURFACE OF RBC
• ANTIGENS ARE CALLED A, B, AND RH
• ANTIBODIES (AGGLUTININS) IN PLASMA REACT WITH FOREIGN
ANTIGENS ON RBCS
• RBCS CLUMP AND BREAK OPEN
• ANTI-RH ANTIBODY MADE AFTER EXPOSURE TO RH-POSITIVE
BLOOD CELLS
17. FORMED ELEMENTS
• WHITE BLOOD CELLS (WBCS)
• ALSO CALLED, LEUKOCYTES
• DEFEND THE BODY AGAINST:
• PATHOGENS
• TOXINS
• ABNORMAL CELLS
• DAMAGED CELLS
18. WBC PROPERTIES
• PERFORM DIAPEDESIS—PUSH BETWEEN CELLS TO CROSS
BLOOD VESSEL WALLS AND ENTER THE TISSUES
• EXHIBIT CHEMOTAXIS—MOVE TOWARD SPECIFIC
CHEMICALS RELEASED BY BACTERIA OR INJURED CELLS
• CONSIST OF TWO GROUPS:
• GRANULOCYTES (CYTOPLASMIC GRANULES)
• AGRANULOCYTES (NO GRANULES)
19. TYPES OF GRANULOCYTES
• NEUTROPHILS
• 50–70% OF CIRCULATING WBCS
• PHAGOCYTIC
• EOSINOPHILS
• LESS COMMON
• PHAGOCYTIC
• ATTRACTED TO FOREIGN PROTEINS
• BASOPHILS
• RELEASE HISTAMINE
• PROMOTE INFLAMMATION
20. TYPES OF AGRANULOCYTES
• LYMPHOCYTES
• FOUND MOSTLY IN LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
• PROVIDE SPECIFIC DEFENSES
• ATTACK FOREIGN CELLS
• PRODUCE ANTIBODIES
• DESTROY ABNORMAL (CANCER) CELLS
• MONOCYTES
• MIGRATE INTO TISSUES
• BECOME MACROPHAGES
• LIVE AS PHAGOCYTIC AMOEBA
26. PRODUCTION OF WBCS IN BONE
MARROW
• MYELOID STEM CELLS PRODUCE:
• GRANULOCYTES (THREE TYPES)
• MONOCYTES (FUTURE MACROPHAGES)
• LYMPHOID STEM CELLS PRODUCE LYMPHOCYTES
• PROCESS CALLED, LYMPHOPOIESIS
• LYMPHOCYTES ENTER BLOOD
• MIGRATE TO LYMPHOID TISSUES
27. PLATELETS
• PRODUCED IN THE BONE MARROW
• RELEASED FROM MEGAKARYOCYTES AS
CYTOPLASMIC FRAGMENTS INTO THE BLOOD
• ESSENTIAL TO CLOTTING PROCESS
28. HEMOSTASIS
PROCESSES THAT STOP THE LOSS OF BLOOD FROM A
DAMAGED VESSEL.
LARGELY DEPENDENT ON PLATELETS AND SOLUBLE
PROTEINS (CLOTTING FACTORS).
29. THE CLOTTING PROCESS
• COAGULATION PATHWAYS REQUIRE AN EXTERNAL TRIGGER
• EXTRINSIC PATHWAY
• TRIGGERED BY FACTORS RELEASED BY INJURED ENDOTHELIAL CELLS OR
PERIPHERAL TISSUES
• INTRINSIC PATHWAY
• TRIGGERED BY FACTORS RELEASED BY PLATELETS STUCK TO VESSEL WALL
• BOTH PATHWAYS LEAD TO COMMON PATHWAY
• THROMBIN CONVERTS SOLUBLE FIBRINOGEN SUBUNITS TO AN INSOLUBLE
POLYMER, FIBRIN
