what is blood clotting what are clotting factors list of pathways names of blood clotting factors calcium and its role in coagulation of blood calcium as a co-factor during blood clot aggregation of platelets by calcium] activation of factors by calcium role of calcium in activation of co factors examples

2. WHAT IS BLOOD CLOTTING?
Blood clotting or coagulation is
an important process that
prevents excessive bleeding
when a blood vessel is injured.

3. WHAT ARE CLOTTING FACTORS?
The clotting factors are the group of
chemicals that are constant circulation in
the blood or present in tissues of the blood
vessels. These compound are responsible
for the formation of a blood clot. The are
activated by cofactors (e.g calcium ).

4. List of pathways:
There are two pathways:
 Intrinsic pathway
 Extrinsic pathway

5. Names of blood clotting factors:

7. CALCIUM AND ITS ROLE IN
COAGULATION OF BLOOD

8. CALCIUM
ACTS AS A COFACTOR
DURING BLOOD CLOTTING

9. Aggregation of platelets by calcium:
Activates protein kinase C
Activates phospholipase A
Modifies glycoprotein
Binds to fibrinogen
Cross linked with glycoprotein
Causes aggregation of platelets

10. Activation of factors by calcium
 Calcium are involved in factors like 2,7,9,10
FACTOR II
NAME: prothrombin
SOURCE: liver
PATHWAY: extrinsic and intrinsic pathway
ACTIVATOR: prothrombin activator
ACTIONS: prothrombin is converted into thrombin which
then activated fibrinogen into fibrin

11. FACTOR VII
Name: anti-hemophilic factor
Source: endothelium lining blood vessel and platelets
Pathway: intrinsic
Activator: thrombin
Actions: works with factor 8 and CALCIUM to activate factor 9

12. FACTOR X
NAME: Stuart factor
SOURCE: liver
PATHWAY: both
ACTIVATOR: factor 6 + factor 8 + factor 7+ calcium
ACTIONS: works with the platelets phospholipids to convert
prothrombin into thrombin. this reaction is made faster by
activated factor 5

13. FACTOR XI
NAME: plasma thromboplastin
SOURCE: liver
PATHWAY: intrinsic
ACTIVATOR: factor 11
ACTION: works with calcium to activate factor 8
deficiency: hemophilic c

14. Role of calcium in the activation of
cofactors:
 Calcium is required for the activation of factors like 2,7,9,10
 Calcium are required cofactors for prothrombin activation enzyme
complexes to function. This is called tenase and converts prothrombin to
thrombin.
 Calcium mediates the binding of tenase enzyme complexes to the
phospholipid surfaces expressed by platelets, which in turn activates
prothrombin to produce thrombin which produces fibrin to fibrinogen.
 Calcium acts as a catalyst for this reaction
 Calcium speeds up the reaction to occur within time factors involved in
the coagulation
 Calcium is involved to synthesize anticoagulant protein C

15. EXAMPLE

16. STARTING WITH THE MINOR
INJURY

18. WHEN BLOOD VESSEL GOT DAMAGED

20. BLOOD CELLS ESCAPE FROM
THE WOUND

21. BLOOD CELLS CARRIES OXYGEN

22. PLATELETS COMES FROM WHITE
BLOOD CELLS

23. CLOTTING FACTOR HELPS TO
CLOT

24. PLATELET ADHERE TO THE
SURFACE

25. PLATELET PLUG STOPS THE
EXTERNAL BLEEDING

26. BEGINNING OF CLOTTING
PROCESS

27. CLOTTING FACTOR ACTIVITY
INCREASES

28. FIBRIN ATTACH AND SEALS THE
WOUND

29. BLOOD VESSEL SEALS AFTER
SEVERAL DAYS

30. calcium deficiencies:
 Inhibit proper blood coagulation.
 This may be caused by a nutritional
deficiencies
 Acute problems in which the
calcium is allocated elsewhere in
the blood