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Private pilot study guide
- 1. Private Pilot Study Guide Acronyms Required pre-flight action (91.103) Required documents on board (91.203) Notams Airworthiness certificate Weather Registration Known ATC delays Radio License Runway lengths Operator's handbook Alternate Weight and balance Fuel Take-off and landing distances Registration Expiration Required Inspections (91.409) 30 days after owner's death Airworthiness directives (primary/reoccurring) Foreign registration Vor (30 days) Transfer of ownership Inspections (100hr/annual) Death of the owner Altimeter (24 calender months) U.S. Citizenship Revoked Transponder ( 24 calender months) Cancelled ELT (12 calender months) Static system ( 24 calender months) Required equipment for VFR day Required equipment for VFR night (91.205) (91.205) Altimeter Fuses/Circuit breakers Landing light (if for hire) Tachometer Anti-collision lights Oil pressure gauge Position lights Magnetic compass Source of electrical power Airspeed indicator Temperature gauge VOR tests Oil temperature gauge All – Airborn (±6˚) ELT Very – VOT (±4˚) Good – Ground (±4˚) Fuel gauge Airmen – Airway (±4˚) Landing gear indicator Do – Dual (4˚) Anti-collision Lights Benchtests - (±4˚) Manifold pressure gauge Emergency equipment Seat belts This study guide was compiled by Matt Ayer.
- 2. Private Pilot Study Guide Acronyms Types of Airspeeds Indicated – The speed read from the instrument panel Calibrated – Indicated corrected for position and installation error of pitot Equivalent – Calibrated corrected air flow error at greater than 180 kts True – Equivalent corrected for pressure and temperature. Ground – True corrected for winds Types of Altitudes Indicated – The altitude read from the instrument panel Pressure – Indicated corrected for non standard pressure Density – Pressure corrected for non standard temperature Absolute – Altitude above the ground level True – Altitude above sea level Engine System 4 cylinders Carburetor Horizontally opposed cylinders Air cooled Normally aspirated (no turbo or super charger) Direct drive Lycoming Types of Hypoxia A - Altitude – Hypoxic – Not enough oxygen B - Blood – Stagnant – Blood not circulating C – Cells – Hypemic – Cells aren’t carrying the oxygen molecules D – Drugs – Histotoxic – Body tissue is poisoned by drugs and alcohol This study guide was compiled by Matt Ayer.
- 3. Private Pilot Study Guide Airspace Dimensions Required Equipment Required from ATC Depiction on sectional Surface to 10,000' MSL Mode C transponder, 2 way “Cleared into Bravo” Solid blue circle B radio C Inner ring – surface to 4000' AGL(5nm) / Outer Mode C transponder, 2 way Establish 2 way radio radio communications Solid magenta circle ring 1200' to 4000' (10nm) D Surface to 2,500' AGL (4nm) 2 way radio Establish 2 way radio communications Dashed blue circle Types of Echo airspace Surface – Surface to FL180 – Dashed magenta circle Extension – Surface to FL180 – Dashed magenta box attached to a Delta airspace Transition – 700' to FL180 – Faded magenta circle Airway – 1200' to FL180 – Faded blue line Domestic en route – 1200' (in Florida) to FL180 – everywhere not depicted as airspace Offshore – 1200' to FL 180- beginning 12nm off the shore until the ADIZ God – Above FL 600 Gulf airspace starts at the surface until any overlying airspace. It is not depicted. Special use airspace Warning – International waters – No permission needed Alert – High concentration of flight activity – No permission needed Restricted – Unusual activity – Must have permission Military Operating Area – Seperates IFR and military traffic – No permission needed Prohibited – Area of national security (White house) – Never enter Controlled firing area – Not depicted – No permission needed This study guide was compiled by Matt Ayer.
- 4. Private Pilot Study Guide This study guide was compiled by Matt Ayer.
- 5. Private Pilot Study Guide Weather Theory 3 factors to create thunderstorms 3 stages in a thunderstorm • Unstable air • Cumulus (Updrafts, formation of cloud) • Lifting action • Mature (Rain begins, anvil shape, updraft and • Moisture downdraft) • Dissipating (Downdrafts, microbursts) 6 types of fog 4 types of clouds • Radiation (Calm clear nights, ground cools) • Cirrus (High altitude, made of ice crystals) • Advection (Warm air moves over cold • Stratus (Low, horizontal formation) surface, land moving from land to sea) • Cumulus (Small white puffy clouds) • Upslope (Air moves upward on a slope cooling to its dew point) • Cumulonimbus (Towering thunderstorm clouds) • Ice fog (Frozen crystals are suspended in air) • Freezing fog (Supercooled water droplets suspended in air until freezing on a surface) • Steam (Cool air mixing with warm, moist air causing saturation) Weather Services Metar Airmets – valid 6 hours • Issued hourly (+55) • Sierra (mountain obscurations and IFR) • valid until the next • Tango (Moderate turbulence and • 2 types surface winds greater that 30 knots) 1. Standard • Zulu (Light icing and freezing levels) 2. Speci (Unscheduled observation due to weather) Sigmets – Valid 4 hours Convective Sigmets • Severe or greater turbulence • Severe thunderstorms • Severe or greater icing • Surface hail ¾ inches or greater in • Volcanic ash diameter • Sand/ Dust Storms • Surface winds greater than or equal to 50 kts • Tornadoes • Embedded thunderstorms • Lines of thunderstorms • Precipitation affecting 40% or more of an are of 3000 sq. miles This study guide was compiled by Matt Ayer.
- 6. Private Pilot Study Guide Weather Services Terminal Area Forecast (TAF) Area Forecast (FA) • Issued 4 times a day • Issued 3 times a day • Valid 24 hours • Contains 4 parts • Covers an area of 5 miles around the 1. Product Header (Valid 18 hours) 2. Synopsis (Valid 18 hours) reporting airport 3. VFR clouds and weather (Valid 12 hours) 4. Outlook (Valid 6 hours) • Covers an area of several states Winds Aloft • Issued 4 times a day • Validity ranging from 6 to 24 hours depending on the observation Other regulations to know Supplemental oxygen (91.211) 12,500 up to 14,000 – O2 needed after 30 mins for crew 14,000 to 15,000 – O2 must be used by crew entire flight 15,000 and above - Each occupant must be supplied with O2 Transponder required (91.215) • Within lateral boundaries of class C airspace • Within 30 nm of class B airspace • When crossing the ADIZ • When flying above 10,000 ft MSL unless below 2,500 ft AGL ELT not required 50 nm from the training airport Turbo-jet Experimental Agriculture Research Scheduled air carrier 1 pilot plane Design and testing Air racing New aircraft delivery Crew Training Exhibition This study guide was compiled by Matt Ayer.