The Autumn’s Workshop The Future University Khartoum, Sudan 02 November, 2019 Public streets in Khartoum city evolved in colonial era as a cross-grid networks, with high capacity for different mode of mobility that serve the high income people, official professionals and labors working in the administrative zone of the city. In contrast, current public streets become a source of air, waste, visual pollution and traffic congestion with law capacity for social accessibility and mobility. In addition, Irregular, dark dead-end and unpaved streets is among other reasons that makes streets a source of crimes and traffic accident. On site observation shows that lack of appropriate sustainable plan, automobile growth, lack of eco-friendly vehicles, poor traffic management and inadequate side building architecture designs are among the reasons of current problematic situation. Traffic management analysis proves that claim, the ratios of Land Allocated to Streets (LAS), Intersection Density (ID) and Street Density (SD) indicate very low rate of street mobility and accessibility compared to other cities in developed world or even developing countries. Rabid slum urbanization has led to uncontrolled urban sprawl, unplanned socio economic activities and a raise of different mode of mobility. On the other hand, city plans tend not to accommodate the new urban forms to enhance the sustainability of public streets, this is because streets had been planned as a pathway for private vehicles rather than a place for public good. However, there are many embedded opportunities for tactical urbanism solutions. First, appropriate examination of social mobility and accessibility raises some long term solutions when plan for walkability and public transportation, due to the reality that public transport and walkable lanes has 12 time more capacity for mobility than car lanes, taking into consideration that 80% of trips to schools, markets, social visits and entertainment places are taken through public transportation or by walking, while most of city streets has a capacity to add 1-2 lanes at each side of the drive way. Furthermore, there is an opportunity to make streets eco-friendly place due to availability of resilient trees of Copperpod, solar energy resource and high capacity for low cost vernacular architecture and green streets designs. Nevertheless, in the time of financial resource scarcity, reaching viable public steers is obtainable through cost effective budget allocation, use of plastic road construction technology and incremental area based plans. The addressed challenges and opportunities required a shift collaborative plan approach to create livable, ecofriendly, accessible and viable streets that would involve different city urban actors to brought a well-structured public street plan that works for public good.

1. Principles for Urban Street Planning
Khalafalla Omer
Architect and Urban Planner
Member of
Royal Town Planning Inistitute
The case of Khartoum city
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2. BIOGRAPHY :
• Architect and Urban Planner
• Planning Assistant at BCEGI Construction (UK) Ltd.
• Volunteer Planner at Planning Aid England.
• Have been involved in reviewing The UK National Planning Policy Framework
(NPPF) and The Road Map to Sudan National Urban Policy (SNUP).
• Have been taking the the role of developing neighborhood plans, proposing
property development projects, creating architecture designs and monitoring
building construction activities.
• Hold M.Sc. in Urban Development and Planning, MBA in Project Management and
B.Sc. in Architecture and Spatial Planning.
• Licentiate member of Royal Town Planning Institute (RTPI), International
Development Network (IDN) and Sudan Engineering Council.
• Writer of many academic publications.
• Author at URBANET.
• Khalafalla Omer
• +447551208661
• khalaf_81@hotmail.com
• www.khalafalla.net
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3. CONTENTS:
Historical Background
How did the public street evolve
On Site Observation
How are current streets looks like
Street Capacity
What is the status of current public streets
The Implication of Rapid Urbanization on Urban Density
How does urbanization affect public streets
Implications of Public Streets on Public Life
What is the impact of public streets on public life
Urban Street Realities
Why we need to plan for public
Tactical Urbanism for Sustainable Solution
What are the existence opportunities for street planning
The Public Street We Want
How to plan for sustainable public streets in the time of financial resource scarcity
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4. Historical Background
• Cross-grid pathway
• Different social class
• Colonial adminstrative zone
• Short cut driveway for high and
and middle income people
• Law speed public mobility for
working class
• Safe and clean moblity and
accessibility
• Law traffic congestion
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5. On Site Observation
• Traffic congestion
• Automobile growth
• Irregular urban design for side buildings
• Lack of waste management
• Inappropriate sidewalk
• Streets on flood zone areas
• Lack of stormwater drainage
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6. On Site Observation
• Unsafe workplace for street vendors
• Irregular signboard design
• Dark streets
• Irregular bus stops
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7. On Site Observation
• Dead end street • Irregular driveway • Noisy 3W-Vehicles (Rickshaw)
Outcome:
• Pollutions (Air - Waste - Stormwater - Visual - Light - Noise)
• Travel Congestion
• Low rate of mobility and accessibility
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8. • Land Allocated to Streets (LAS)
Street CapacityPercentageoflandarea
allocatedtostreets
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Khartoum Cairo Addis Amesterdam Paris
30%29%
18%16%
7%
13%12%
15%
10%
4%
Sub-Urb Urban Center
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9. • Street Density (SD)
Street CapacityTotallengthofstreetsper
Km2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Khartoum Cairo Addis Amesterdam Paris
28 Km
31 Km
14 Km15 Km
6 Km
12 Km12 Km
7 Km
9 Km
2 Km
Sub-Urb Urban Center
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10. • Intersection Density (ID)
Street CapacityNumberofintersectionsper
Km2
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Khartoum Cairo Addis Amesterdam Paris
250
310
70
200
30
7580
35
00
Sub-Urb Urban Center
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11. • Urban Growth
NumberofPopulationLivinginKhartoumcity
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
7,000,000
8,000,000
7,000,000
1,700,000
250,000
1955 1980 2010
VehiclesGrowth
0
170,000
340,000
510,000
680,000
850,000
1,020,000
1,190,000
1,360,000
1,530,000
1,700,000
1,500,000
400,000
54,000
1955 1980 2010
• Vehicles Growth
The Implication of Rapid Urbanization on Urban Density
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12. • Urban Sprawl
The Implication of Rapid Urbanization on Urban Density
TotalAreaofthecity(Km2)
0
175
350
525
700
875
1,050
1,225
1,400
1,575
1,750 1,650 Km2
228 Km2
16 Km2
1955 1980 2010
NumberofpopulationperKm2
0
1,700
3,400
5,100
6,800
8,500
10,200
11,900
13,600
15,300
17,000
4,420 /Km2
7,400 /Km2
15,600 /Km2
1955 1980 2010
• Urban Density
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13. • Different type socio-ecomic activity• Different type of mobility • Large street networks
The Implication of Rapid Urbanization
Lack of appropriate planning:
Planning streets as movement links rather than a public place for common good.
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14. Harm Public Health
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Lung cancer disease
- Stress
- Death and injuries traffic accidents
Harm Physical Chrastrectic of city
- Loss of city visual amenity
Harm Social Security
- Night crimes
Harm Economic Productivity
- Reduce economic productivity by 50%
Implications of Public Streets on Public Life
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15. Urban Streets Realities
Capacity of Lane Base Mobility
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16. Urban Streets Realities
Percentage Distribution of Trrips by Mode for
Each Trip Purpose
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17. Urban Streets Realities
Travic Accident (Victims and Impactors)
Pedestrians
70% of Traffic Accidents Victims
Public Transportaion
60% of Traffic Accidents Impactors
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18. • Availability of Peltophorum
pterocarpum reselient shady trees
• Capacity to add 1-2 more public lanes • Capacity for vernacular urban
design of streets side buildings
Tactical Urbanism for Sustainable Solution
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19. • Capacity for solar led street light poles• Availability of international
markets selling eco-friendly car
• Community led waste management
initiatives
Tactical Urbanism for Sustainable Solution
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20. The Public Street We Want
• Livable
• Accessible
• Eco-Friendly
• Viable
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21. • Enhance socio-economic activities by
arrage a commercial use of land on the
side building of the street
• Allocate safe place for street
vendors
• Enhance visual aminity and prmote
local cultural throgh side building
refurbishment
• Regulate the design of signboard to
avoid lighting pollution
Promote Livability
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22. • Use of street furniture utilities for safe
and clean streets
• Enhance walkability through
allocating place for pedestrian-
friendly sidewalks
• Involve local communities in waste
management process
Promote Livability
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23. • Allocate shaded place for bus stop
• Allocate separate lane for public
mobility
• Create greenwave street
intersection
Enhance Accessibility
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24. • Appropriate intersection visibility
between vehicles at junction area
• Ensure appropriate distribution of
traffic sign and street marks
Enhance Accessibility
• Ensure appropriate street leveling
and flood control canal to prevent
flood risks
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25. • Ensure shaded sidewalk through the
use of climate change resilient tree
• Use of solar led street light
Create Eco-friendly Streets
• Regulate vehicles export to ensure
eco-friendly automobile system
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26. ⁃ Use of Green Street
techniques to
ensure
environmental storm
water drainage
system
Create Eco-friendly Streets
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27. • Allocate traffic tax, fees and fines
for street upgrading projects:
⁃ Private car city access Tax
⁃ Private car license
⁃ Street private sector advertisement
⁃ Traffic fine
⁃ Road use tax for private car
⁃ Public parking tax
• Use of Plastic Road construction
technology
Ensure Appropiate Viability
• Planning shift from city-wide street
plans to incremental area-based
plan that work for each district
• Street plans to be part of slum
upgrading program
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28. Principles for Urban Street Planning
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29. Thank You
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