This document outlines a guidebook for encouraging sustainable mobility practices in township design in India. It begins with an introduction to the problem of rapid urbanization and increasing vehicles in India by 2030. It then discusses current issues like road fatalities and air pollution. The guidebook focuses on design interventions for developers to encourage sustainable travel modes and reduce carbon emissions. It presents results from a survey of residents in Bengaluru townships that found car-dependency and a lack of walking/cycling infrastructure. The sustainable mobility planning process involves 7 steps, from identifying opportunities to implementation. Guidelines are provided for connections to the city, neighborhood links, development layout, and complete streets design. The document concludes with a discussion on design review and performance evaluation.

1. A product of WRI Ross Center for Sustainable Cities
PRERNA V MEHTA
MANAGER- SUSTAINABLE CITIES
EMAIL: PMEHTA@WRI.ORG
ENCOURAGING DESIGN PRACTICES FOR
SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY IN INDIAN
TOWNSHIPS: A GUIDEBOOK
Session: Reimagining township design: a sustainable mobility approach

2. A product of WRI Ross Center for Sustainable Cities

3. AGENDA
• Welcome note
• Key note address
• Panel invitation
• Guidebook presentation
• Launch
• Round table discussion
• Q & A

4. 2030 PROBLEM OF PLENTY
Urban population of India will reach
600 million
400 million vehicles will be added
Increase in Urban Sprawl

5. CURRENT ISSUES FACED BY INDIAN CITIES

6. ROAD FATALITIES: 140,000 DEATHS/YEAR

7. AIR POLLUTION: 627,426 PREMATURE DEATHS/YEAR

8. PHYSICAL INACTIVITY: 436,122 PREMATURE
DEATHS/YEAR
Source: http://www5.imperial.ac.uk/medicine/metabolic_risks/bmi/

9. TRAFFIC WOES!
NO MATTER WHERE YOU LIVE OR WHO YOU ARE…

10. CHALLENGES
• Unsustainable forms of urban development.
• Large residential townships - coming up on the peripheries due to cheaper land.
• This is now the mainstream way to expand housing in Indian cities.
• No supporting infrastructure and private provision is the norm.
• Low market demand for green housing due to lack of consumer awareness.

11. FACTS
• Residential and commercial sector expected to grow by 72%
between 2010 and 2020
• 700-900 million Sq. mts of residential and commercial space to be
built every year – one Chicago every year!*
• High and growing private investment in the real estate sector, an
industry nationally responsible for 7% of GDP.
• Hence, a full throttle private sector engagement is needed to
construct the new India.
Source: *Mckinsey

12. WE HAVE A CHOICE TO MAKE BETWEEN
OPPORTUNITY !
TO DO THINGS THE SUSTAINABLE WAY
OR
GO ABSOLUTELY ERRONEOUS!

13. STUDY FOCUS
Guidebook focuses on design interventions that developers
can apply in their projects to encourage usage of sustainable
travel modes and set targets for reducing carbon emissions
generated from motor vehicle use.

14. STUDY METHODOLOGY
• Evaluating township development in
Bengaluru city and utilizing the data as
example to craft suitable practices
• Guidebook prepared through feedback from
workshops with
 Private developers
 Agencies responsible for developing DCR’s,
green building norms, regulations etc.
 Field experts and
 Communities
DELHI WORKSHOP
BANGALORE WORKSHOP

15. SALIENT FEATURES OF GUIDEBOOK

16. BENGALURU CITY AS AN EXAMPLE

17. • 466% increase in the built up area
of Bangalore from 1973 to 2000
• As per 2014 data over 5,000 acres
of Bangalore was under
development at periphery, designed
to be car dependent, relying on
diesel-fueled power and would
survive on purchased water.
Image Data Source: Global Land Survey and LandSat (USGS), Open Streets Map, NHAI, BBMP, BDA
1990
2000
2010
2015
INCREASE IN URBAN FOOTPRINT OF BANGALORE (1990 TO 2015)

18. CURRENT MOBILITY AND DESIGN PRACTICES IN
SELECTED TOWNSHIPS

19. SURVEY PROJECTS
34 acres site area
~2000 res. units
~ 8500 people
~ 3000 cars
250 acres site area
750 villas
2040 apartments
~ 13,300 people
~ 4200 cars
15 acres site area
896 res.units
~ 3800 people
~ 1350 cars
326 acres site area
~1911 res. units
~ 8500 people
~ 2000 cars
34 acres site area
2500 res.units
~ 11,000 people
~ 3000 cars 3.5 acres site area
~220 res. units
~ 8500 people
~ 3000 cars
L&T South City
Adarsh Palm Retreat
Ittina Abby
Ideal Homes
Godrej Woodsman
Platinum City
• 6 Developments, 446 respondents
• Survey captures
Household demographic data
Travel activities per household in a
typical week
Transport mode preferences
Residents’ perceptions of the urban
environment in which they live
Attitudes towards transport facilities and
options
Perceptions on sustainable practices

20. KEY SURVEY FINDINGS: HOW DO SURVEYED RESIDENTS TRAVEL?
Source: Mode Share of Weekly Trips (EMBARQ India, 2014)

21. KEY SURVEY FINDINGS
69% expressed concern over safety of household
members during travel to and from the development.
43% were dissatisfied with
access to public transit from
development.

22. 57% expressed concern over the lack of
road and pedestrian network and associated
infrastructure
60% face heavy congestion during
their commute to work.

23. 52% felt that their
development environment
impacts their transportation
choices.
57% were dissatisfied over the availability
of retail within the community and wanted to
see a variety of accessible retail and amenity
shops within the development. Demand for
Mixed Use!

24. 80% were satisfied with green spaces provided within the
community.
90% expressed satisfaction with the quality and safety of open
spaces within the community.

25. SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY PLANNING PROCESS
7 STEP PROCESS

26. Step 1
• Identify opportunities for sustainable mobility practices
Step 2
• Conduct context & regulatory framework analysis
Step 3
• Determine traffic projections and impact

27. Percentages are assumed from the survey of household units by EMBARQ
WALK
CYCLE
PUBLIC TRANSIT
INTERMEDIATE
PUBLIC TRANSIT
SHARED
OCCUPANCY
SINGLE
OCCUPANCY
INVERSE of the GREEN TRANSPORT HIERARCHY
=

28. Step 1
• Identify opportunities for sustainable mobility practices
Step 2
• Conduct context & regulatory framework analysis
Step 3
• Determine traffic projections and impact
Step 4
• Define objectives and set carbon footprint reduction
targets

29. Divide and distribute
Discretionary walking trips
Maintain the green
hierarchy
Build for people
MEGASCALE MESOSCALE MICROSCALE

30. Step 1 • Identify opportunities for sustainable mobility practices
Step 2
• Conduct context & regulatory framework analysis
Step 3
• Determine traffic projections and impact
Step 4
• Define objectives and set carbon footprint reduction targets
Step 5
• Incorporate design elements into the Master Plan
Step 6
• Conduct design review and performance evaluation
Step 7
• Define responsibilities for implementation and management

31. GUIDELINES FOR SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY DESIGN

32. • City and Urban Region- Connecting the
development to the city or urban region
• Neighbourhood- Providing complementary
services and amenities that are shared between
multiple developments and benefit them
• Proposed Development- Creating opportunities
for safe, healthy, equitable and efficient living that
encourage sustainable mobility use for trips within
the development
• Street- Designing complete streets that
accommodate diverse modes, users and activities

33. CITY CONNECTIONS
• Ecological area planning
• Transit and NMT ready
planning

34. NEIGHBOURHOOD LINKS
• Access to development
– Prioritizing existing pedestrian links
– Creating dedicated pedestrian
pathways along ramps
– Enhanced Links for connectivity
through development
– Pavement Design / Treatment
• Block standards
• Zoning and building placement
• Provision for IPT and shared vehicles
– Improve Facilities along Main Street –
Dedicated Space for Auto Rickshaws,
Bus Pick Up & Drop Offs

35. DEVELOPMENT LAYOUT
• Connected Street Network
– Improve activities & facilities along
pedestrian links – provide benches,
dustbins, water fountains, lighting
– Activate existing spaces through good
programmed space design
• Open Space Network
• Pedestrian and cycling network
• Parking provision and placement
• Building entrance and plot access
• Opportunity for utilizing the residual
spaces

36. COMPLETE STREETS + STREET ELEMENTS
• Internal street Design
• Pedestrian Zone
– Pedestrian : New Networks + Integration of
Networks through open spaces
• Cycling Zone
• Motor Vehicle Zone
– Developing Alternate Networks for Vehicular
Circulation
• Junction Design
• Traffic Calming
• Way-finding and signage
– Introducing directional signage at entrance
points to reduce wayfinding trip lengths within
the campus
– Improving the signage - Use of Alternative
signage methods that are visually legible
• Multi-utility Zone (MUZ)
• Feeder Network : Buses + Cycling
• Trip Reduction Measures

37. DESIGN REVIEW AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
• Design Checklists
• Traffic Impact Assessment
• Sustainability Rating Systems
• Performance Measures
• Maintenance Assessment

38. PANEL DISCUSSION