This document discusses the meaning and types of principles in education. It defines principles as fundamental laws or doctrines that guide education. There are three main types of principles: starting principles which involve student characteristics, guiding principles which are instructional methods and techniques, and ending principles which are the goals and outcomes of education. The document then lists several specific principles of effective instruction, such as beginning with clear objectives, involving multiple senses, and creating a supportive learning environment. Overall, the principles outlined are meant to provide guidance for effective and productive teaching and learning.

1. Ms. Bai Saguira Abdulah
SCE 204
Methods of Science Teaching

2. Meaning of Principles
• It has been adopted from the Latin word “princeps”
which means the beginning or the end of all thing.
• Fundamental laws for early Greeks.
• Principle is a comprehensive law or doctrine, from
which others are derived. (Webster)
• Principle is a rule for guiding the ship of education
and compass by which path of education is directed.
(Hopkins)

3. • Staring Principles –
these involves the
nature of the child, his
psychological and
physiological
endowments which
makes educational
possible.

4. • Guiding Principle - refers to the
procedures, methods of instruction or
agglomeration of techniques.

5. • Ending principle - refers to
the educational aims,
goals, objectives,
outcomes, purposes or
result of the whole
educational scheme to
which teaching and
learning are directed

6. • -the effectiveness of instruction and the
meaningfulness of learning depends largely on the
setting materials in which the process goes on.
• -having an organized focus leads to effective
instruction.

7. • -instruction becomes effective depending on
the social setting in which it is done.
-the effectiveness of instruction must progress
in terms of the learner’s own purposes,
aptitudes, abilities, and experimental
procedures.

8. • -successful instruction depend on effective
ordering of a series of learning tasks.
Sequence is a movement from meaningless to
emergence of meaning, from immediate
toward remote, from concrete.
• -the effectiveness of learning is heightened by
a valid and discriminating appraisal of all its
aspects.

9. 1. Begin with the end in mind
2. Share lesson objective with students
3. Lesson objectives must be in two or three
domains-cognitive, psychomotor and affective
4. Work on significant and relevant lesson
objectives

10. 5. Lesson objective must be with the aims of
education as embodied in the Philippine
Constitution and other laws and on the vision-
mission statements of the educational institution of
which you are part.
6. For accountability of learning, lesson objectives
must be SMART
7. Aim at the development of critical and creative
thinking

11. 1. Learning is an active process.
2. The more senses that are involved in learning,
the more and the better the learning. Contribution of
senses to learning.docx
3. A non-threatening atmosphere enhances
learning.

12. 4. Emotion has the power to increase retention
and learning.
5. Learning is meaningful when it is connected to
students’ everyday life.
6. Good teaching goes beyond recall of
information
7. Good teaching considers learners’ varied
learning styles and learners’ multiple intelligences

13. • Principles are the chief guides to make
teaching and learning effectives and
productive.
• Principles are importance for the governing of
actions and to operation of technique in any
field of education.

14. References
• Gregorio, H.C. (1976) Principles and Method of Teaching
(Revised Edition) Quezon City, Philippines. Garotech Publishing
• Corpuz, B.B. and Salandanan, G.G. (2003) Principles and
Strategies of Teaching, Quezon City, Philippes, Lorimar
Publishing Co., Inc
• Corpuz, B.B , et. Al (2006) Principle of Teaching 2, Quezon City,
Philippines: Lorimar Publishing, Inc
• Acero, V.O., et. Al (2007) Principles of Teaching 1 (First Edition)
Queon City, Phjlippines: Rex Book Store, Inc
• Lardizabal, A. S., (1995) Principles and Method of Teaching,
Quezon City, Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc