This document discusses the meaning and importance of principles of teaching. It defines principles as fundamental truths or guiding norms that govern processes like education. Principles of teaching are derived from expert opinions, comparative studies of teachers, and educational experiments. They serve as the basis for intelligent educational practice and guide, stimulate, and interpret school practices. Principles are classified into starting, guiding, and ending types. Starting principles involve student characteristics and development. Guiding principles refer to instructional methods and techniques. Ending principles relate to educational goals, objectives, and outcomes. The document maintains that understanding principles of teaching can help educators better meet the needs of individual students.

2. OBJECTIVE:
At the end of the session, should be able to:
◾State the importance of understanding the principles of teaching
and learning

3. THE MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING
Principle – is adopted from the Latin
word princeps, which means the
beginning and end of all things.
◾Early Greeks use the term principles to:
express the origin of things
express fundamental laws
put the ultimate objectives

4. Webster
◾Principle is a comprehensive law or doctrine, from
which others are derived, or on which others are
founded.
Ayer
◾The term principle is most frequently used to signify a
generalized statement through which otherwise
unrelated data are systematized and interpreted.
THE MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING

5. ◾A principle is a rule for guiding the ship of
education so that it will reach the port
designated by the philosophy of education; it is
compass by which the path of education is
directed.
Hopkins
◾Principle is often used to mean any of
general truth or guiding norm by which a
process is carried on.
THE MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING

6. THE MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING
Principle is accepted as:
◾fundamental truth,
◾comprehensive law,
◾a doctrine,
◾a policy,
◾a deep -seated belief
which governs the conduct of various types of human
endeavours.

7. Principles of teaching are derived through:
1. the pooling of the opinions of
experts;
2. comparative studies of the teaching
performance of capable or inferior
teachers;
3. experimental studies of teaching and
learning in the classroom.
HOW PRINCIPLES OF THE TEACHING ARE DERIVED

8. ◾Organized principles of teaching
should serve at least two general
purposes:
◾serve as the basis of
and profitable practice.
◾serve to stimulate, direct,
guide, and interpret school
practice.
FUNCTIONS AND SCOPE OF PRINCIPLES

9. Principles should serve as the basis of intelligent
and profitable practice.
◾Guiding principles in field of teaching must
be:
• Understood as to the basis of their origin,
• Accepted for their desirability,
• Known about methods and techniques of
their application.
FUNCTIONS AND SCOPE OF PRINCIPLES

10. The principle should serve not only to
stimulate, direct and guide, but also to
interpret school practice
◾The relative importance of principles
depends upon how well they are
founded upon scientific
experimentation, expert opinion, or
classroom experience.
FUNCTIONS AND SCOPE OF PRINCIPLES

11. ◾The principles governing teaching change
in response to change in the philosophy
of education and to the better
understanding of the nature of the
learning process.
◾New psychological and social theories
bring about change in the ideas of
educational leaders regarding the basic
principles of teaching.
FUNCTIONS AND SCOPE OF PRINCIPLES

12. ◾We study the principles of teaching
in order that we may better adopt
our instruction to the children’s
individual capabilities.
◾Teaching must always be
considered as a complex process
that may be better understood by
making a broad and discerning
application of its various principles.
FUNCTIONS AND SCOPE OF PRINCIPLES

13. In teaching, principles may be
classified into three major groups
namely:
◾Starting Principles
◾Guiding Principles
◾Ending Principles
TYPES OF TEACHING PRINCIPLES

14. Starting Principles
◾Involve the nature of the child, his
psychological and physiological
endowments which make education
possible.
◾These hereditary endowments are
the preliminary concern in all
educational endeavours.
TYPES OF TEACHING PRINCIPLES

15. Starting Principles
◾“The child’s original nature is absolutely antecedent
and initial to all educational activities and results.”
Avent
◾The primary concern of the teacher is not the subject but
child, not knowledge of specialty, but knowledge of the laws
and principles of child growth and development, which like
all other natural processes, involve laws and principles.
TYPES OF TEACHING PRINCIPLES

16. y
Guiding Principles Refer to the:
◾procedure,
◾methods of instruction, or
◾collection of techniques
by which the pupil and the teacher ma
work together toward the
accomplishment of the goals or
objectives of education.
TYPES OF TEACHING PRINCIPLES

17. Guiding Principles
◾The method of teaching involves
activities of the teacher and the
pupils.
◾The method is the means of
stimulating, directing, guiding, and
encouraging the individual on the
activities.
◾The method of teaching involves
TYPES OF TEACHING PRINCIPLES

18. Guiding Principles
◾Principles of teaching must explain
teaching process.
◾They must show how subject matters
are organized and taught, how
teaching results are achieved and
evaluated.
◾Principles serve as guiding
philosophy for the selection and
operation of teaching and learning
TYPES OF TEACHING PRINCIPLES

19. Ending Principles refer to the:
◾educational aims,
◾goals,
◾objectives,
◾outcomes,
◾purposes, or
◾results
of the whole educational scheme to which
teaching and learning are directed.
TYPES OF TEACHING PRINCIPLES

20. Ending Principles
◾The aims of education are the ends
toward which the educative process
moving.
◾The primary requisite of effective
learning is a goal or ending point.
◾In teaching and learning one must
know his goal or objective.
TYPES OF TEACHING PRINCIPLES

21. Ending Principles
◾General educational aims may either
be philosophical or psychological
aims.
◾Philosophical aims are based on
folkways and mores or ideals of the
Filipino people.
 They are otherwise known as
the ultimate aims of education
outlined in our constitution.
TYPES OF TEACHING PRINCIPLES

22. Ending Principles
◾Psychological aims refer to the growth
and development of the child in terms of
knowledge skills, and abilities, or
integrated personality.
◾Psychological aims refer to subject-
aims.
They are known also as immediate
aims of education.
TYPES OF TEACHING PRINCIPLES

23. ◾"T
ell me and I'll forget. Show me
and I'll remember. Involve me and
I'll understand.“
◾ Confucius (551 BC-479 BC) Chinese Philosopher

24. REFERENCES:
◾ Victorina C. de Ocampo-Acero, Evelyn J. Sanches-Javier amd
Hermini C. Ocampo-Castro, Principles of Teaching 1, Rex Book
Store, 2015
◾ Aquino, Gaudencio V. Effective Teaching (3rd Ed.)
Mandaluyong City: National Book Store, 2003
◾ Salandanan, Gloria G. Teaching and the Teacher. Quezon City:
LORIMAR Publishing Co. Inc. 2005
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