The document discusses India's primary health care system. It states that India aims to achieve universal health coverage during the 12th plan period, ensuring citizens access to affordable, quality health services. Primary health care is delivered through a network of sub-centers, primary health centers, and community health centers, adhering to principles like equitable access, community participation, and intersectoral coordination. The document outlines staffing patterns, services provided, and standards for primary health centers in India, noting there is still a shortage in facilities relative to population targets.
The document discusses the history and principles of primary health care (PHC) in India. Key points include that PHC began in India in 1946 and aims to provide universal and equitable access to basic health services. PHC is focused on health promotion, prevention, and treatment of common illnesses and injuries. It also emphasizes community participation and multisectoral coordination. The document outlines the services provided by PHC in India and challenges faced in implementing the PHC strategy.
This document outlines a presentation on Nepal's National Health Policy 2071, which was approved in July 2014. It provides background on Nepal's past health experiences, current health context, and key problems and challenges in the health system. The presentation describes the need for a new health policy to address these issues. The policy's vision, mission, goals, and 14 policy areas with 120 total strategies are summarized. The presentation also discusses organizational management, financial sources, monitoring, risks, and new areas addressed by the new health policy.
The document discusses the history and principles of primary health care (PHC). It begins by outlining the origins of PHC at the Alma-Ata conference in 1978 where it was established as a goal of the WHO. Key principles of PHC include equitable access, community participation, and focusing on prevention. The document then examines PHC in India, describing its establishment and evolution over time. It outlines services provided at PHC centers in India as well as ongoing challenges in effectively delivering PHC. Finally, the document argues that strengthening PHC systems combined with universal health coverage can help achieve health for all in the 21st century.
The National Health Policy 2017 aims to achieve the highest level of health and well-being for all Indians through preventive and promotive healthcare. Key goals include attaining universal health coverage, reducing catastrophic health expenditures, and increasing public health spending to 2.5% of GDP. The policy emphasizes preventive care, inter-sectoral coordination to address social determinants of health, and expanding primary healthcare services. It also aims to strengthen regulation of private healthcare and ensure its alignment with public health objectives. Specific targets are outlined to reduce mortality, disease burden, and improve health system performance by 2025.
The current five year plan in Nepal's health services aims to increase rural access to basic primary health services and doctors. It focuses on effective implementation of population control through mother and child health and family planning services. The plan also seeks to develop specialized health services within the country. Key targets include establishing more health posts, primary health care centers, and Ayurvedic dispensaries. It also aims to reduce the total fertility rate and cases of leprosy.
This document discusses key concepts in health policy, including definitions of health policy, the aims of health policies in maintaining and improving population health status, and essential concepts like health status, health services, organization and financing of health systems, and the roles of public health, health commissioning, and ensuring appropriateness of care. It also covers international trends, provider-purchaser models, and major challenges for developing countries, including health reform, decentralization, tools for policymaking, and ensuring equity in health.
New Organogram of Nepalese Health System (Please check the updated slides on ...Prabesh Ghimire
This slide has been updated to accommodate the recent changes. Please check the following link for the updated presentation:
https://www.slideshare.net/PrabeshGhimire/organogram-organization-structure-of-nepalese-health-system-updated-nov-2021
Behavior Change Communication (BCC) is an interactive process using communication channels to encourage positive behaviors. It defines the behaviors to influence, uses frameworks to understand stages of change, and develops strategies using multiple channels. Effective messages are clear, benefit-focused, and repeated to reach people emotionally and rationally. Examples show using BCC to increase school enrollment by discouraging child labor and promote family planning by addressing discrimination. Challenges in Pakistani society include religious, cultural, international, and interest group influences.
The document discusses the history and principles of primary health care (PHC) in India. Key points include that PHC began in India in 1946 and aims to provide universal and equitable access to basic health services. PHC is focused on health promotion, prevention, and treatment of common illnesses and injuries. It also emphasizes community participation and multisectoral coordination. The document outlines the services provided by PHC in India and challenges faced in implementing the PHC strategy.
This document outlines a presentation on Nepal's National Health Policy 2071, which was approved in July 2014. It provides background on Nepal's past health experiences, current health context, and key problems and challenges in the health system. The presentation describes the need for a new health policy to address these issues. The policy's vision, mission, goals, and 14 policy areas with 120 total strategies are summarized. The presentation also discusses organizational management, financial sources, monitoring, risks, and new areas addressed by the new health policy.
The document discusses the history and principles of primary health care (PHC). It begins by outlining the origins of PHC at the Alma-Ata conference in 1978 where it was established as a goal of the WHO. Key principles of PHC include equitable access, community participation, and focusing on prevention. The document then examines PHC in India, describing its establishment and evolution over time. It outlines services provided at PHC centers in India as well as ongoing challenges in effectively delivering PHC. Finally, the document argues that strengthening PHC systems combined with universal health coverage can help achieve health for all in the 21st century.
The National Health Policy 2017 aims to achieve the highest level of health and well-being for all Indians through preventive and promotive healthcare. Key goals include attaining universal health coverage, reducing catastrophic health expenditures, and increasing public health spending to 2.5% of GDP. The policy emphasizes preventive care, inter-sectoral coordination to address social determinants of health, and expanding primary healthcare services. It also aims to strengthen regulation of private healthcare and ensure its alignment with public health objectives. Specific targets are outlined to reduce mortality, disease burden, and improve health system performance by 2025.
The current five year plan in Nepal's health services aims to increase rural access to basic primary health services and doctors. It focuses on effective implementation of population control through mother and child health and family planning services. The plan also seeks to develop specialized health services within the country. Key targets include establishing more health posts, primary health care centers, and Ayurvedic dispensaries. It also aims to reduce the total fertility rate and cases of leprosy.
This document discusses key concepts in health policy, including definitions of health policy, the aims of health policies in maintaining and improving population health status, and essential concepts like health status, health services, organization and financing of health systems, and the roles of public health, health commissioning, and ensuring appropriateness of care. It also covers international trends, provider-purchaser models, and major challenges for developing countries, including health reform, decentralization, tools for policymaking, and ensuring equity in health.
New Organogram of Nepalese Health System (Please check the updated slides on ...Prabesh Ghimire
This slide has been updated to accommodate the recent changes. Please check the following link for the updated presentation:
https://www.slideshare.net/PrabeshGhimire/organogram-organization-structure-of-nepalese-health-system-updated-nov-2021
Behavior Change Communication (BCC) is an interactive process using communication channels to encourage positive behaviors. It defines the behaviors to influence, uses frameworks to understand stages of change, and develops strategies using multiple channels. Effective messages are clear, benefit-focused, and repeated to reach people emotionally and rationally. Examples show using BCC to increase school enrollment by discouraging child labor and promote family planning by addressing discrimination. Challenges in Pakistani society include religious, cultural, international, and interest group influences.
The National Health Policy 2017 sets ambitious targets for reducing infant and maternal mortality rates, and eliminating diseases. However, many of these targets are the same as those set in 2002 which were not achieved. The 2017 policy has now pushed the deadlines to 2019 or later. It aims to achieve universal health coverage through increasing access, quality and lowering costs. A key focus is preventive healthcare and increasing public health spending to 2.5% of GDP. Fact-checking found the 2017 policy recycled many 2002 targets that were already missed.
This document provides an overview of various community nutritional programmes in India. It discusses programmes targeted at pregnant and lactating mothers, children, adolescents, and elderly individuals. The key programmes described include the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme, National Nutritional Anemia Prophylaxis Programme, Mid-Day Meal programme, Vitamin A prophylaxis programme, and programmes under the Poshan Abhiyaan (National Nutrition Mission). The document provides details on the objectives, target groups, and services provided by these various nutritional programmes in India.
The document presents the key aspects of India's National Health Policy of 2017. The policy was introduced to address the changing health priorities in India and the growing burden of non-communicable diseases. It aims to achieve universal health coverage and increase trust in the public health system by focusing on quality. The policy's objectives include progressively achieving universal health coverage and increasing life expectancy to 70 years by 2025. It proposes increasing public health expenditure to 2.5% of GDP and focuses on preventive healthcare, communicable diseases, mental health, and programs for mothers, children, adolescents and immunization. The conclusion emphasizes developing new vaccines and digital tools to improve healthcare efficiency.
The document discusses various national health programs in India, including the National Family Welfare Program and the National AIDS Control Program. It provides details on the goals, approaches, and components of these programs over different five-year plans. For the National Family Welfare Program, it describes the targets and initiatives under different plans to reduce population growth and improve maternal and child health. For the National AIDS Control Program, it outlines the phases of the program and their objectives to slow the spread of HIV/AIDS.
The document discusses primary health care, including its conceptualization, philosophy, principles, strategies, and models. It describes the key outcomes of the 1978 Alma-Ata Conference, including its 10 declarations and 22 recommendations which established primary health care as a global health strategy focused on achieving health for all by 2000 through equitable access to comprehensive services. The document also analyzes selective and comprehensive primary health care approaches and outlines the basic components, principles, and operational aspects of primary health care delivery within national health systems.
National health programs and policies for prevention and control of ncds in n...Pawan Dhami
This document summarizes several national health programs and policies in Nepal related to the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). It outlines policies such as the Integrated NCD Prevention and Control Policy, the Multi-Sectoral Action Plan for NCD Prevention and Control (2014-2020), and the National Policy and Plan for NCD Prevention and Control (2013-2017). It also discusses the Health Education, Information and Communication Program and policies within the Second Long Term Health Plan, Nepal Health Sector Strategy, and other documents. The document analyzes some of the systematic challenges facing NCD prevention in Nepal, such as limited funding for primary prevention and a lack of coordination between sectors.
The document discusses comprehensive primary health care in India. It proposes making primary care universal, free, and accessible close to where people live. This would include a more comprehensive package of services addressing both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Village committees would help ensure no one is excluded and services address local health priorities. Community monitoring would provide feedback on equity and quality. Comprehensive primary health care would reduce costs and the need for higher-level care compared to the selective primary care of the past.
The document provides a critical review of India's National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP). It summarizes the evolution and strategies of the NLEP, including the introduction of multidrug therapy in 1982. While prevalence of leprosy in India has declined dramatically with NLEP efforts, issues remain around organizational challenges, stigma, integration with the general healthcare system, and ensuring treatment adherence. The review also notes opportunities from partnerships and funding, as well as ongoing threats like stigma and the need for new diagnostic and treatment approaches.
The document discusses health education and propaganda in India. It defines health education as a process of imparting health information to motivate its use for protection and advancement of health. It outlines various approaches, models, methods, and the role of government agencies in health education in India. While mass media play a limited role, non-governmental organizations are actively involved in rural and urban health education through various multimedia methods. The document argues that health education has not been prioritized and needs to be managed systematically with people's participation.
The National Health Mission (NHM) encompasses
its two Sub-Missions, the National Rural Health
Mission (NRHM) and the National Urban Health
Mission (NUHM). The main programmatic
components include Health system strengthening
in rural and urban areas, ReproductiveMaternal-Neonatal-Child and Adolescent Health
(RMNCH+A) and Communicable and NonCommunicable Diseases. The NHM envisages
achievement of universal access to equitable,
affordable & quality healthcare services that are
accountable and responsive to people’s needs.
INTRO HIV SURVEILLANCE PROF DR SANJEV DAVE.pptxSanjeevDavey1
The document provides an overview of HIV Sentinel Surveillance (HSS) and outlines the roles and responsibilities of personnel involved. It defines HSS as a system that monitors HIV prevalence among specified populations through consistent methodology at designated sites over time. The key objectives are to monitor trends, distribution, and spread of HIV prevalence to identify pockets of the epidemic and measure prevention progress. Personnel roles include implementing HSS according to guidelines, coordinating activities, conducting trainings, monitoring sites, and linking reactive participants to care. HSS is conducted among populations like antenatal clinic attendees, high-risk groups, and prisoners to estimate HIV burden and guide programming.
The Nepal Health Sector Strategy (NHSS) 2015-2020 provides strategic guidance for the health sector over five years. Its goal is to improve health status through accountable and equitable health services. NHSS outlines nine outcomes, including rebuilding health systems and improving quality of care. It identifies key outputs needed to achieve each outcome, along with interventions, indicators, targets, data sources, and timelines to monitor progress in strengthening Nepal's health sector.
This document provides an overview of international health and the history of international health organizations. It discusses how diseases know no borders and early international efforts focused on quarantine practices to control disease spread. The first international health conferences in the 1850s aimed to standardize quarantine measures but had little success. Over time, organizations like the Pan American Health Bureau in 1902 and the Office International d'Hygiene Publique in 1907 were formed to promote cooperation on international health issues. Major milestones included the founding of the World Health Organization in 1948 to coordinate global health initiatives and address both communicable and non-communicable diseases.
Health policy aims to achieve specific healthcare goals within a society by defining a vision for the future, outlining priorities and roles, and building consensus. There are many categories of health policies that can cover topics like financing and delivery of healthcare, access to care, quality of care, and health equity. Global health policy addresses health needs throughout the world above the concerns of individual nations. National health policies can respond to calls for strengthening health systems through universal coverage, people-centered care, and emphasizing public health and health in all policies.
The document discusses India's national health policies from 1983 to the present. It provides an overview of key events in India such as the establishment of the Planning Commission in 1950 and the goals and achievements of the National Health Policies of 1983, 2002, and 2017. The current National Health Policy of 2017 aims to achieve universal health coverage and access to affordable healthcare services while strengthening the health system through increased funding, expanded infrastructure and workforce.
This document provides an overview of India's health system, including its historical evolution, key components, goals, and models of health care delivery. It discusses the health system at the central, state, and local levels in India. At the central level, the main organizations are the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and the Directorate General of Health Services, which are responsible for policymaking, planning, and coordinating health programs and services. Implementation occurs at the state level through state health ministries and departments. Health care services are then delivered through a three-tiered system at the district, block, and village levels. The document also examines concepts of health systems, methods of financing, and challenges faced.
The National Health Policy 2017 aims to achieve universal health coverage and deliver quality health care services to all Indians. It sets targets to reduce mortality and disease burdens, and increase access to services by 2025. The policy shifts the focus from sick care to wellness, and outlines objectives to provide primary health care, improve access to secondary and tertiary care, and reduce out-of-pocket health expenditures. It also establishes principles, compares targets between the 2002 and 2017 policies, and details guidelines across several areas including health programs, human resources, regulation, and research.
National Health Policy of Nepal 2076 (ENGLISH)BPKIHS
The National Health Policy of Nepal-2076 outlines the country's vision, mission, goals, and policies for health. Its key points are:
The vision is for aware and healthy citizens. The mission is to ensure citizens' right to health through optimal resource use and cooperation. Goals include creating opportunities for all citizens to access health. There are 25 policy areas with over 100 strategies to restructure the health system according to the federal system and ensure universal health coverage through various programs and services. The policy addresses issues like non-communicable diseases, health workforce and services, and takes a more integrated approach than previous policies.
The document summarizes Pakistan's healthcare system. It consists of both private and public sectors, with the private sector serving 70% of the population. Healthcare is organized into three levels - primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary care is the first level and focuses on preventive services through facilities like basic health units and rural health centers. Secondary care is provided at district hospitals and focuses on referral services and specialist care. Tertiary care in specialized hospitals handles referrals from primary and secondary levels. The document also outlines the key principles of primary healthcare as defined by the Alma Ata Declaration of 1978.
This presentation deals with Primary Health Care in India. It describes in detail concept & characteristics of PHC. It focuses on structure, service delivery & challanges in front of Primary Health Care in India.
The National Health Policy 2017 sets ambitious targets for reducing infant and maternal mortality rates, and eliminating diseases. However, many of these targets are the same as those set in 2002 which were not achieved. The 2017 policy has now pushed the deadlines to 2019 or later. It aims to achieve universal health coverage through increasing access, quality and lowering costs. A key focus is preventive healthcare and increasing public health spending to 2.5% of GDP. Fact-checking found the 2017 policy recycled many 2002 targets that were already missed.
This document provides an overview of various community nutritional programmes in India. It discusses programmes targeted at pregnant and lactating mothers, children, adolescents, and elderly individuals. The key programmes described include the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme, National Nutritional Anemia Prophylaxis Programme, Mid-Day Meal programme, Vitamin A prophylaxis programme, and programmes under the Poshan Abhiyaan (National Nutrition Mission). The document provides details on the objectives, target groups, and services provided by these various nutritional programmes in India.
The document presents the key aspects of India's National Health Policy of 2017. The policy was introduced to address the changing health priorities in India and the growing burden of non-communicable diseases. It aims to achieve universal health coverage and increase trust in the public health system by focusing on quality. The policy's objectives include progressively achieving universal health coverage and increasing life expectancy to 70 years by 2025. It proposes increasing public health expenditure to 2.5% of GDP and focuses on preventive healthcare, communicable diseases, mental health, and programs for mothers, children, adolescents and immunization. The conclusion emphasizes developing new vaccines and digital tools to improve healthcare efficiency.
The document discusses various national health programs in India, including the National Family Welfare Program and the National AIDS Control Program. It provides details on the goals, approaches, and components of these programs over different five-year plans. For the National Family Welfare Program, it describes the targets and initiatives under different plans to reduce population growth and improve maternal and child health. For the National AIDS Control Program, it outlines the phases of the program and their objectives to slow the spread of HIV/AIDS.
The document discusses primary health care, including its conceptualization, philosophy, principles, strategies, and models. It describes the key outcomes of the 1978 Alma-Ata Conference, including its 10 declarations and 22 recommendations which established primary health care as a global health strategy focused on achieving health for all by 2000 through equitable access to comprehensive services. The document also analyzes selective and comprehensive primary health care approaches and outlines the basic components, principles, and operational aspects of primary health care delivery within national health systems.
National health programs and policies for prevention and control of ncds in n...Pawan Dhami
This document summarizes several national health programs and policies in Nepal related to the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). It outlines policies such as the Integrated NCD Prevention and Control Policy, the Multi-Sectoral Action Plan for NCD Prevention and Control (2014-2020), and the National Policy and Plan for NCD Prevention and Control (2013-2017). It also discusses the Health Education, Information and Communication Program and policies within the Second Long Term Health Plan, Nepal Health Sector Strategy, and other documents. The document analyzes some of the systematic challenges facing NCD prevention in Nepal, such as limited funding for primary prevention and a lack of coordination between sectors.
The document discusses comprehensive primary health care in India. It proposes making primary care universal, free, and accessible close to where people live. This would include a more comprehensive package of services addressing both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Village committees would help ensure no one is excluded and services address local health priorities. Community monitoring would provide feedback on equity and quality. Comprehensive primary health care would reduce costs and the need for higher-level care compared to the selective primary care of the past.
The document provides a critical review of India's National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP). It summarizes the evolution and strategies of the NLEP, including the introduction of multidrug therapy in 1982. While prevalence of leprosy in India has declined dramatically with NLEP efforts, issues remain around organizational challenges, stigma, integration with the general healthcare system, and ensuring treatment adherence. The review also notes opportunities from partnerships and funding, as well as ongoing threats like stigma and the need for new diagnostic and treatment approaches.
The document discusses health education and propaganda in India. It defines health education as a process of imparting health information to motivate its use for protection and advancement of health. It outlines various approaches, models, methods, and the role of government agencies in health education in India. While mass media play a limited role, non-governmental organizations are actively involved in rural and urban health education through various multimedia methods. The document argues that health education has not been prioritized and needs to be managed systematically with people's participation.
The National Health Mission (NHM) encompasses
its two Sub-Missions, the National Rural Health
Mission (NRHM) and the National Urban Health
Mission (NUHM). The main programmatic
components include Health system strengthening
in rural and urban areas, ReproductiveMaternal-Neonatal-Child and Adolescent Health
(RMNCH+A) and Communicable and NonCommunicable Diseases. The NHM envisages
achievement of universal access to equitable,
affordable & quality healthcare services that are
accountable and responsive to people’s needs.
INTRO HIV SURVEILLANCE PROF DR SANJEV DAVE.pptxSanjeevDavey1
The document provides an overview of HIV Sentinel Surveillance (HSS) and outlines the roles and responsibilities of personnel involved. It defines HSS as a system that monitors HIV prevalence among specified populations through consistent methodology at designated sites over time. The key objectives are to monitor trends, distribution, and spread of HIV prevalence to identify pockets of the epidemic and measure prevention progress. Personnel roles include implementing HSS according to guidelines, coordinating activities, conducting trainings, monitoring sites, and linking reactive participants to care. HSS is conducted among populations like antenatal clinic attendees, high-risk groups, and prisoners to estimate HIV burden and guide programming.
The Nepal Health Sector Strategy (NHSS) 2015-2020 provides strategic guidance for the health sector over five years. Its goal is to improve health status through accountable and equitable health services. NHSS outlines nine outcomes, including rebuilding health systems and improving quality of care. It identifies key outputs needed to achieve each outcome, along with interventions, indicators, targets, data sources, and timelines to monitor progress in strengthening Nepal's health sector.
This document provides an overview of international health and the history of international health organizations. It discusses how diseases know no borders and early international efforts focused on quarantine practices to control disease spread. The first international health conferences in the 1850s aimed to standardize quarantine measures but had little success. Over time, organizations like the Pan American Health Bureau in 1902 and the Office International d'Hygiene Publique in 1907 were formed to promote cooperation on international health issues. Major milestones included the founding of the World Health Organization in 1948 to coordinate global health initiatives and address both communicable and non-communicable diseases.
Health policy aims to achieve specific healthcare goals within a society by defining a vision for the future, outlining priorities and roles, and building consensus. There are many categories of health policies that can cover topics like financing and delivery of healthcare, access to care, quality of care, and health equity. Global health policy addresses health needs throughout the world above the concerns of individual nations. National health policies can respond to calls for strengthening health systems through universal coverage, people-centered care, and emphasizing public health and health in all policies.
The document discusses India's national health policies from 1983 to the present. It provides an overview of key events in India such as the establishment of the Planning Commission in 1950 and the goals and achievements of the National Health Policies of 1983, 2002, and 2017. The current National Health Policy of 2017 aims to achieve universal health coverage and access to affordable healthcare services while strengthening the health system through increased funding, expanded infrastructure and workforce.
This document provides an overview of India's health system, including its historical evolution, key components, goals, and models of health care delivery. It discusses the health system at the central, state, and local levels in India. At the central level, the main organizations are the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and the Directorate General of Health Services, which are responsible for policymaking, planning, and coordinating health programs and services. Implementation occurs at the state level through state health ministries and departments. Health care services are then delivered through a three-tiered system at the district, block, and village levels. The document also examines concepts of health systems, methods of financing, and challenges faced.
The National Health Policy 2017 aims to achieve universal health coverage and deliver quality health care services to all Indians. It sets targets to reduce mortality and disease burdens, and increase access to services by 2025. The policy shifts the focus from sick care to wellness, and outlines objectives to provide primary health care, improve access to secondary and tertiary care, and reduce out-of-pocket health expenditures. It also establishes principles, compares targets between the 2002 and 2017 policies, and details guidelines across several areas including health programs, human resources, regulation, and research.
National Health Policy of Nepal 2076 (ENGLISH)BPKIHS
The National Health Policy of Nepal-2076 outlines the country's vision, mission, goals, and policies for health. Its key points are:
The vision is for aware and healthy citizens. The mission is to ensure citizens' right to health through optimal resource use and cooperation. Goals include creating opportunities for all citizens to access health. There are 25 policy areas with over 100 strategies to restructure the health system according to the federal system and ensure universal health coverage through various programs and services. The policy addresses issues like non-communicable diseases, health workforce and services, and takes a more integrated approach than previous policies.
The document summarizes Pakistan's healthcare system. It consists of both private and public sectors, with the private sector serving 70% of the population. Healthcare is organized into three levels - primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary care is the first level and focuses on preventive services through facilities like basic health units and rural health centers. Secondary care is provided at district hospitals and focuses on referral services and specialist care. Tertiary care in specialized hospitals handles referrals from primary and secondary levels. The document also outlines the key principles of primary healthcare as defined by the Alma Ata Declaration of 1978.
This presentation deals with Primary Health Care in India. It describes in detail concept & characteristics of PHC. It focuses on structure, service delivery & challanges in front of Primary Health Care in India.
This presentation describe the Health care system in Pakistan.
In this presentation complete information our health system in Pakistan. The advantage and disadvantage are clearly define in presentation.
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The document discusses the roles and functions of subcentres and primary health centres in India's public health system. Subcentres are the most peripheral unit and aim to provide basic primary healthcare services to populations of 3,000-5,000 through a female health worker and male multipurpose worker. Primary health centres serve larger populations of 20,000-30,000 and provide outpatient and inpatient services through medical officers and staff. Both play key roles in maternal and child health, family planning, immunization, disease control programs and acting as first referrals in rural areas. The document outlines the comprehensive services expected at each level according to Indian public health standards.
This document discusses the history and principles of primary health care. It began in 1978 with a conference that defined primary health care as health care that is accessible to all individuals through their participation and affordable for the community. The key aspects of primary health care are preventative services like immunizations, maternal/child care, and treatment of common diseases. It also emphasizes equitable access, community participation, coordination between sectors, and appropriate technology.
The primary health centre occupies a key position in rural health care as the first point of contact between individuals and the health system. It aims to provide comprehensive and affordable preventive, promotive, and curative services to rural populations of about 30,000 in plains and 20,000 in hilly/tribal areas. Staffing typically includes a medical officer, pharmacist, nurse, and other paramedics. Services include outpatient and inpatient care, maternal and child health services, immunizations, nutrition programs, and monitoring of national health programs.
3. 2nd PBBSc - Comty - Unit - 3 - Organization and administration of health s...thiru murugan
2nd Year PBBSc Nursingcommunity Health Nursing
Organization and administration of health services in India
UNIT III:
Organization and administration of health services in India.
National health policy
Health Care Delivery system in India.
Health team concept
Centre, State, district, urban health services, rural health services
System of medicines
Centrally sponsored health schemes
Role of voluntary health organizations and international health agencies
Role of health personnel in the community
Public health legislation.
Important questions:
Different level of health services in india (Centre, State, district, urban health services, rural health services)
Health team
System of medicines / AYUSH
Role of health personnel in the community
National health policy
voluntary health organizations – WHO, UNICEF, Red cross
Public health legislation.
National health policy:
Definition:
Health policy can be defined as the "decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific healthcare goals within a society”
National health policy 1983:
National health policy in India was not framed and announced in 1983.
The ministry of health and family welfare evolved a National Health Policy in 1983.
The policy focus on the preventive, promotive, public health and rehabilitation aspects of health care.
To attain the objectives “Health for all by 2000 AD”.
KEY ELEMENTS OF NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY 1983:-
Awareness of health problems
Safe drinking water and sanitation
Rural health infrastructure
Health management of information system
Legislative support to health
Combat wide spread of malnutrition
Research in health care
Different system of medicines
Factors interfering with the progress towards health for all:
Insufficient political commitment
Failure to achieve equality
The low status of women.
Slow socio-economic development.
Lack of human resources.
Inadequacy of health promotion activities.
Weak health information system and no baseline data.
Pollution, lack of water supply and sanitation.
Uncontrolled population
Advanced technology
Natural and man-made disasters
National Health Policy 2002:
The national health policy 1983 revised in 2002 with new objectives and strategies in order meet the health problems and demand of peoples
Objectives:
To achieve an acceptable standard of good health
To upgrading health infrastructure
To improve equitable health service
To give priority for prevention and first line curative
To promote rational use of drugs.
To increase use of Traditional Medicine (AYUSH)
National Health Policy 2002 - Policy prescriptions:
Equity
Delivery of national health programmes
Extending public health services
Education of health care professionals
Need for specialists in 'public health' & 'family medicine
Nursing personnel
Urban health
Mental health
Information Education and Communication
Health research
Role of private sector
Health statistics
Women's health
Medical ethics
Enforcement of quality standard for food &drug
Health delvery system by Dr Najeeb Memon .pptmuhammed najeeb
This document discusses primary health care and the health care system in Pakistan. It defines health and outlines the levels of health care, including primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary health care focuses on essential care provided through basic health units and rural health centers. The principles of primary health care are equitable distribution, community participation, intersectoral coordination, and appropriate technology with an emphasis on prevention. The health care system in Pakistan aims to provide integrated care through a network of basic health units, rural health centers, tehsil hospitals, and district headquarters hospitals.
The document discusses health services and primary health care in Egypt. It provides background on the Ministry of Health and Population, which was established in 1936. It outlines Egypt's health system, which includes primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of care provided through public health units and hospitals. The document also discusses health insurance in Egypt, challenges in the health system, and strategic plans for health sector reform focusing on infrastructure development and improving human resources. It defines primary health care and reviews its principles, approaches like GOBI-FFF, essential services, and role in Egypt through primary health units. Criteria for effective primary health care include coordination, community participation, customer satisfaction, and monitoring and evaluation.
The document provides an overview of health policy and the health system in India. It discusses the history of public health in India from traditional Ayurvedic approaches to modern Western influences. The health system is described as having a complex mix of public and private sectors. Key aspects covered include the administrative structure from central to local levels, service delivery network from sub-centers to hospitals, and health financing relying heavily on out-of-pocket payments. While India produces many medical professionals and medicines, health indicators remain poor and inequitable across socioeconomic groups.
The document discusses the human right to health and how the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) in India aims to uphold this right. It outlines key human rights relating to health like access to healthcare, safe drinking water, and education. NRHM's goals are reducing infant and maternal mortality and improving access to health services. The program strengthens primary healthcare, integrates health programs, and empowers local communities to manage their own health needs. It also outlines expected health outcomes and strategies NRHM uses like training health workers and improving infrastructure.
Primary health care (PHC) refers to essential health care services provided at the local community level, including health promotion, disease prevention, and treatment of common illnesses. PHC aims to make health care accessible, affordable, and equitable for all through a community-based approach. Key principles of PHC include community participation, intersectoral coordination between health and other sectors, and making available basic services such as maternal/child care, immunization, treatment of common diseases, and ensuring access to safe water and nutrition. PHC forms the first level of contact with the larger health system and aims to deliver fundamental health care that is close to where people live and work.
Indian Public Health Standards For Primary Health CentreANJALI RAJ ARUN
This document outlines the Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS) for Primary Health Centres (PHCs) in India. It describes the need for standards to ensure quality healthcare. PHCs are the most basic health unit in rural areas, serving a population of 20,000-30,000 people. The IPHS specify the essential and desirable services, infrastructure, manpower, and quality assurance measures required at PHCs. Services include outpatient and inpatient care, maternal and child health, family planning, management of local diseases, and linkages to national health programs. PHCs aim to provide comprehensive and responsive primary healthcare as outlined in the Alma-Ata Declaration.
The document summarizes India's health care delivery system. It has three main levels - central, state, and local peripheral. At the central level, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is responsible for policymaking and coordination. It oversees various departments like the Directorate General of Health Services. States each have their own health care systems within this framework. Primary health services are delivered through sub-centers, primary health centers, and community health centers at the local level. The public sector delivers most primary health care alongside some private services.
The document summarizes India's health care delivery system. It has three main levels - central, state, and local peripheral. At the central level, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is responsible for policymaking and coordination. It oversees various departments like the Directorate General of Health Services. States each have their own health care systems within this framework. Primary health services are delivered through sub-centers, primary health centers, and community health centers at the local level. The public sector delivers most primary health care alongside some private services.
The presentation is regarding the public health nursingShipraMishra30
Public health nursing promotes and protects the health of populations using nursing and public health sciences. Public health deals with groups rather than individuals. Its goals include health promotion, disease prevention, early diagnosis and treatment, disability limitation, and rehabilitation. Over time, committees in India have recommended developing public health systems based around primary health centers (PHCs) and community health centers (CHCs) to serve populations of 30,000-120,000 respectively. However, implementation has been partial and the system remains hospital-focused rather than public health-focused, neglecting important areas like epidemiology, statistics, and public health regulation.
The document presents information on India's National Health Policies from 1983 to 2017. It discusses the goals and strategies of policies from 1983, 2002, and 2017. The key goals of policies included access to primary care for all, reducing mortality and disease prevalence, and achieving universal health coverage. The policies aimed to improve health infrastructure, personnel training, and integrate different medical systems to make progress toward health for all.
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The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdfRahul Sen
Time-lapse embryo monitoring is an advanced imaging technique used in IVF to continuously observe embryo development. It captures high-resolution images at regular intervals, allowing embryologists to select the most viable embryos for transfer based on detailed growth patterns. This technology enhances embryo selection, potentially increasing pregnancy success rates.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.Gokuldas Hospital
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
10 Benefits an EPCR Software should Bring to EMS Organizations Traumasoft LLC
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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DECLARATION OF HELSINKI - History and principlesanaghabharat01
This SlideShare presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the Declaration of Helsinki, a foundational document outlining ethical guidelines for conducting medical research involving human subjects.
Lecture 6 -- Memory 2015.pptlearning occurs when a stimulus (unconditioned st...AyushGadhvi1
learning occurs when a stimulus (unconditioned stimulus) eliciting a response (unconditioned response) • is paired with another stimulus (conditioned stimulus)
2. Universal Health Coverage
India is embarking on an ambitious target of achieving Universal Health
Coverage for all during 12th Plan period. Everybody will be entitled for
comprehensive health security in the country. It will be obligatory on the
part of the State to provide adequate food, appropriate medical care,
safe drinking water, proper sanitation, education and health-related
information for good health.
The State will be responsible or ensuring and guaranteeing UHC for its
citizens
3. Definition of UHC
Ensuring equitable access for all Indian citizens, resident in any part of the country,
regardless of income level, social status, gender, caste or religion, to affordable,
accountable, appropriate health services of assured quality (promotive, preventive,
curative and rehabilitative) as well as public health services addressing the wider
determinants of health delivered to individuals and populations, with the
government being the guarantor and enabler, although not necessarily the only
provider, of health and related services.
4.
5. Primary Health Care
primary health care is essential health care based on practical , scientifically
sound , socially acceptable methods and technology made universally
accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full
participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford to
maintain at every stage of its development in spirit of self reliance and self
determination
‘Health for all by 2000 AD’ in the International Health
Conference, held at Alma-Ata (USSR) during the year 1978
6.
7. HISTORY
1946 – BHORE COMMITTEE put forward concept of Primary
Health Care.
1974- KARTAR SINGH COMMITTEE -Integrated cadre of
MPWs.
1977-GOL COMMITEE launched a based on principle of ‘
placing people’s health in people’s hand.’ (Recommendation
of SRIVASTAV COMMITTEE 1975)
1978 – ALMA ATA DECLARATION– Health for All through
Primary Health Care.
8. HISTORY- Trends
Bhore Committee – PHC/ 10- 20,000 population.
Mudaliar Committee (1962) – PHC/ 40,000 population.
By Fifth Plan (1975-80) – PHC was catering health needs of
1,00,000 population.
1983 - National Health Plan – PHC/ 30,000 in plain areas &
per 20,000 in hilly region.
15. Elements Of PHC
1. Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries.
2. Maternal and child health care and family planning.
3. Immunization against major infectious diseases.
4. Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition
16. Elements Of PHC
5. Education of the people about prevailing health problems
and methods of preventing and controlling them.
6. Adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation.
7. Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases.
8. Provision of essential drugs.
17.
18. INDIAN PUBLIC HEALTH STANDARDS
The objectives of IPHS for PHCs are:
i. To provide comprehensive primary health care to the community through the
Primary Health Centres.
ii. To achieve and maintain an acceptable standard of quality of care.
iii. To make the services more responsive and sensitive to the needs of the
community.
19. INDIAN PUBLIC HEALTH STANDARDS
From Service delivery angle, PHCs may be of two types, depending upon the delivery
case load – Type A and Type B.
Type A PHC: PHC with delivery load of less than 20 deliveries in a month,
Type B PHC: PHC with delivery load of 20 or more deliveries in a month
21. INDIAN PUBLIC HEALTH STANDARDS
1. Medical Care
1. Essential
OPD Services
24 hours emergency services
Referral services
In-patient services
22. INDIAN PUBLIC HEALTH STANDARDS
Maternal and child health care including family planning
1. Essential
Antenatal Care
Intra-natal care
Proficient in identification and basic treatrment for PPH, Eclampsia , Sepsis
and promt referral
Postnatal Care
New born Care
Care of child
Family welfare
23. INDIAN PUBLIC HEALTH STANDARDS
Promotion of safe drinking water and basic sanitation
Prevention of local endemic diseases
Carry out various health programs
Health promotion
Referral services
Training
24. INDIAN PUBLIC HEALTH STANDARDS
Basic labrotory and diagnostic services
1. Essential
Routine urine , cbc , stool tests
Diagnosis of STI/RTI
Sputum testing
MPFT
UPTGRBS
Rapid test for featal contamination of water
2. Desirable
Blood Cholestrol
ECG
25. Essential Drugs In PHC
Anti infective agents.
1. Penicillins.
2. Co-Trimoxazole and Cephalosporins
3. Gentamycin, Kanamycin and Amikacin
4. Erythromicin and related group of antibiotics
5. Broad spectrum antibiotics like the tetracyclins and chloramphenicol
6. Anti-TB and Anti-Leprosy Drugs
7. Anti-viral agents like acyclovir, and zidovudin (optional )
26. Essential Drugs In PHC
8. The common anti parasitic agents like antimalarial durgs- chloroquine,
primaquine, pyremethamine, proguanil, quinine, mefloquine, artemehter,
and halofantin
9. Anti amoebics like metronidazole or tinidazole
10. Usual anthelmentics – mebandazole, albendazole, pyrental palmoate,
piperazine, levamisole, diethylecarbamazine citrate, ivermectine and
praziquantel
11. . Drugs for Gastro intestinal disorders-Common antacids, ulcer healing
agents – cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, omeprazole.
12. Antispasmodics, prokinetics, anti diarohoeals, and laxatives.
28. Essential Drugs In PHC
Other essential group of drugs are the analgesic and
antipyretics, Aspirin, paracetamol, morphine, pentazocine,
pethidine, ibuprofen, diclophenac, indomethacin pyroxicam,
nemuselide.
References: 1. World Health Chronicle 2. National drug
formulary – Govt. of India
29. Current status
Sub Centre: 1 per 5,000 population in general areas and 1 per
3,000 population in difficult/tribal and hilly areas
Primary Health Centre: 1 per 30,000 population in general
areas and 1 per 20,000 population in difficult/tribal and hilly
areas
Community Health Centre: 1 per 1,20,000 population in
general areas and 1 per 80,000 population in difficult/tribal
and hilly areas.
30. Current status
As per the Rural Health Statistics (RHS) 2018, as on 31.3.2018 the status of public
health facilities function in the Country is as under:
o 1, 58,417 Sub Centres (SCs),
o 25,743 Primary Health Centres (PHCs),
o 5,624 Community Health Centres (CHCs),
o 1130 Sub-divisional Hospitals (SDHs) & 764 Districts Hospitals (DH) in the country
• There is a shortfall of 32900 SCs (18%), 6430 PHCs (22%) and 2188 CHCs (30%)
across the country as per the Rural Health Statistics (RHS) 2018.
There are 9930 PHCs that are operational as 24X7 facilities as on 30.06.2018.
31. References
Textbook of social and preventive medicine by Suryakanth
Preventive and social medicine by K.Park
IPHS – guidelines for primary health center (revised 2012)
www.nrhm.gov.in
BHORE COMMITTEE 1946:
PHC a basic health unit to provide integrated preventive and curative services to rural population.one PHC/10 to 20,000 populations with 6 medical officers and 6 public health nurses and other supporting staff.
CENTRAL COUNCIL OF HEALTH:
In 1953 ,recommended for establishment of PHCs in community development blocks to provide comprehensive health care to rural population. One PHC is for 1,00,000 population with little or no community involvement. Poorly staffed and equipped, inadequately for covering the population.
MUDALIAR COMMITTEE,1962:
1. Strengthening of existing PHCs and
2. One PHC for 40,000 populations.
SHRIVASTAV COMMITTEE-1975:
Community health care should be provided by health workers who are from the same community after proper training. So that people health is placed in people hands.
In 1977, the government of India had launched a Rural Health Mission, based on the principle of “placing the people health in people hands”.
NATIONAL HEALTH PLAN:
As a signatory to the Alma-Ata declaration ,
India has proposed reorganization of primary health centres on the basis of one PHC for 30,000 populations in plain areas and 20,000 populations in tribal and hilly areas for more effective coverage
Population Norms for PHC
This means that the basic health services which are provided under primary health care must be provided to all the people, irrespective of the cast, creed, community and ability to pay (rich or poor) for it and thus these services must be accessible to all
This principle is based on the fact that at present the health care services are concentrated in the towns and cities, (where 25 percent of population live and 75 percent of the budget is spent) to the rich and curative oriented. On the other hand, the needy and vulnerable groups of population like the poor rural and the urban slums (where 75% population live and 25% budget is spent) are neglected and who deserve the services most. This social injustice must be removed and the services must be equally distributed to all the people of the community
This consists of active involvement of the people of the community in providing primary health care. This is based upon the fact that achieving universal coverage of primary health care is not possible without the involvement of the local community. Involvement of the community in planning, implementation and maintenance of health services is a very prominent feature. Community participation promotes social awareness and self-reliance of the community. It increases the community acceptance of the primary health care programs and reduces the distance between the providers and the consumers of health care.
Advantages of community participation
• It is a cost effective method of providing health services.
• People begin to view health more objectively. So they are
more likely to accept the care.
• There will be greater commitment of the people resulting
in the success of health care services.
• Health awareness becomes an integral part of village life.
• Health workers get greater support for their activities.
• People become more soft reliant in taking care of their
health.
• Health care services become more relevant to the health
needs of the people.
• There is less dependence on the Government.
• Quality of the health care improves
It is also realized that primary health care to the community cannot be provided by health sector alone. It requires the co-ordination of other health related sectors also such as education, communication, fisheries, animal husbandry, food and agricultural department, animal husbandry, social-welfare, public-works, voluntary organizations, etc. (Fig. 34.3). Co-ordination of all these sectors is essential. This requires a strong political action. The co-ordination committees will make policies and implement in a planned way, so as to avoid duplication of the activities. The committee also reviews the activities periodically.
This means that the technology of the health care service provided must be ‘appropriate’, i.e. it must be simple, scientifically sound, practically adaptable, culturally acceptable, economically cheaper and operationally convenient (Fig. 34.4). Appropriate technologies that have been developed and introduced in the country are Oral rehydration therapy, immunization programs, nutritional supplementation, DOTS, distribution of disposable delivery kits for domiciliary midwifery services, distribution of IFA tablets, biogas plants for cooking
PHC includes at least: education concerning
prevailing health problems and the methods of
preventing and controlling them; promotion of food
supply and proper nutrition; an adequate supply of
safe water and basic sanitation; maternal and child
health care, including family planning; immunization
against the major infectious diseases; prevention
and control of locally endemic diseases;
appropriate treatment of common diseases and
injuries; and provision of essential drugs
Essential
OPD services: A total of 6 hours of OPD services out of which 4 hours in the morning and 2 hours in the afternoon for six days in a week. Time schedule will vary from state to state. Minimum OPD attendance is expected to be 40 patients per doctor per day. In addition to six hours of duty at the PHC, it is desirable that MO PHC shall spend at least two hours per day twice in a week for field duties and monitoring.
24 hours emergency services: appropriate management of injuries and accident, First Aid, stitching of wounds, incision and drainage of abscess, stabilisation of the condition of the patient before referral, Dog bite/snake bite/scorpion bite cases, and other emergency conditions. These services will be provided primarily by the nursing staff. However, in case of need, Medical Officer may be available to attend to emergencies on call basis.
Referral services.
In-patient services (6 beds)
Essential
a) Antenatal care
I. Early registration of all pregnancies ideally in the first trimester (before 12th week of pregnancy).
Minimum 4 antenatal check-ups and provision of
complete package of services.
Suggested schedule for antenatal visits:
1st visit: Within 12 weeks—preferably as soon as pregnancy is suspected—for registration of pregnancy and first antenatal check-up.
2nd visit: Between 14 and 26 weeks.
3rd visit: Between 28 and 34 weeks.
4th visit: Between 36 weeks and term
b) Intra-natal care: (24-hour delivery services both
normal and assisted)
c) Proficient in identification and basic first aid treatment for PPH, Eclampsia, Sepsis and prompt referral
d) Postnatal Care
-breast milk initiation
-counselling for nutrition
-management of hypothermia
f) Care of the child
-routine management of childhood illness
-under 5 clinic referral
-immunization
Prevention of childhood illness
Nutrition Services (coordinated with ICDS)
Essential
a. Diagnosis of and nutrition advice to malnourished children, pregnant women and others.
b. Diagnosis and management of anaemia and vitamin A deficiency.
c. Coordination with ICDS.
Screening of diseases , de worming , immunization , health promotion
Water and sanitation
Essential
Disinfection of water sources and Coordination with Public Health Engineering department for safe water supply.
Promotion of sanitation including use of toilets and appropriate garbage disposal
Prevention of locally endemic diseases like malaria , kala azr
AS PER IPHS STANDARDS
From Service delivery angle, PHCs may be of two types,
depending upon the delivery case load – Type A and
Type B.
Type A PHC: PHC with delivery load of less than 20
deliveries in a month,
Type B PHC: PHC with delivery load of 20 or more
deliveries in a month
Essential
OPD services: A total of 6 hours of OPD services out of which 4 hours in the morning and 2 hours in the afternoon for six days in a week. Time schedule will vary from state to state. Minimum OPD attendance is expected to be 40 patients per doctor per day. In addition to six hours of duty at the PHC, it is desirable that MO PHC shall spend at least two hours per day twice in a week for field duties and monitoring.
24 hours emergency services: appropriate management of injuries and accident, First Aid, stitching of wounds, incision and drainage of abscess, stabilisation of the condition of the patient before referral, Dog bite/snake bite/scorpion bite cases, and other emergency conditions. These services will be provided primarily by the nursing staff. However, in case of need, Medical Officer may be available to attend to emergencies on call basis.
Referral services.
In-patient services (6 beds)
Essential
a) Antenatal care
I. Early registration of all pregnancies ideally in the first trimester (before 12th week of pregnancy).
Minimum 4 antenatal check-ups and provision of
complete package of services.
Suggested schedule for antenatal visits:
1st visit: Within 12 weeks—preferably as soon as pregnancy is suspected—for registration of pregnancy and first antenatal check-up.
2nd visit: Between 14 and 26 weeks.
3rd visit: Between 28 and 34 weeks.
4th visit: Between 36 weeks and term
b) Intra-natal care: (24-hour delivery services both
normal and assisted)
c) Proficient in identification and basic first aid treatment for PPH, Eclampsia, Sepsis and prompt referral
d) Postnatal Care
-breast milk initiation
-counselling for nutrition
-management of hypothermia
f) Care of the child
-routine management of childhood illness
-under 5 clinic referral
-immunization
Prevention of childhood illness
Nutrition Services (coordinated with ICDS)
Essential
a. Diagnosis of and nutrition advice to malnourished children, pregnant women and others.
b. Diagnosis and management of anaemia and vitamin A deficiency.
c. Coordination with ICDS.
Essential
OPD services: A total of 6 hours of OPD services out of which 4 hours in the morning and 2 hours in the afternoon for six days in a week. Time schedule will vary from state to state. Minimum OPD attendance is expected to be 40 patients per doctor per day. In addition to six hours of duty at the PHC, it is desirable that MO PHC shall spend at least two hours per day twice in a week for field duties and monitoring.
24 hours emergency services: appropriate management of injuries and accident, First Aid, stitching of wounds, incision and drainage of abscess, stabilisation of the condition of the patient before referral, Dog bite/snake bite/scorpion bite cases, and other emergency conditions. These services will be provided primarily by the nursing staff. However, in case of need, Medical Officer may be available to attend to emergencies on call basis.
Referral services.
In-patient services (6 beds)
Essential
a) Antenatal care
I. Early registration of all pregnancies ideally in the first trimester (before 12th week of pregnancy).
Minimum 4 antenatal check-ups and provision of
complete package of services.
Suggested schedule for antenatal visits:
1st visit: Within 12 weeks—preferably as soon as pregnancy is suspected—for registration of pregnancy and first antenatal check-up.
2nd visit: Between 14 and 26 weeks.
3rd visit: Between 28 and 34 weeks.
4th visit: Between 36 weeks and term
b) Intra-natal care: (24-hour delivery services both
normal and assisted)
c) Proficient in identification and basic first aid treatment for PPH, Eclampsia, Sepsis and prompt referral
d) Postnatal Care
-breast milk initiation
-counselling for nutrition
-management of hypothermia
f) Care of the child
-routine management of childhood illness
-under 5 clinic referral
-immunization
Prevention of childhood illness
Nutrition Services (coordinated with ICDS)
Essential
a. Diagnosis of and nutrition advice to malnourished children, pregnant women and others.
b. Diagnosis and management of anaemia and vitamin A deficiency.
c. Coordination with ICDS.
Essential
OPD services: A total of 6 hours of OPD services out of which 4 hours in the morning and 2 hours in the afternoon for six days in a week. Time schedule will vary from state to state. Minimum OPD attendance is expected to be 40 patients per doctor per day. In addition to six hours of duty at the PHC, it is desirable that MO PHC shall spend at least two hours per day twice in a week for field duties and monitoring.
24 hours emergency services: appropriate management of injuries and accident, First Aid, stitching of wounds, incision and drainage of abscess, stabilisation of the condition of the patient before referral, Dog bite/snake bite/scorpion bite cases, and other emergency conditions. These services will be provided primarily by the nursing staff. However, in case of need, Medical Officer may be available to attend to emergencies on call basis.
Referral services.
In-patient services (6 beds)
Essential
a) Antenatal care
I. Early registration of all pregnancies ideally in the first trimester (before 12th week of pregnancy).
Minimum 4 antenatal check-ups and provision of
complete package of services.
Suggested schedule for antenatal visits:
1st visit: Within 12 weeks—preferably as soon as pregnancy is suspected—for registration of pregnancy and first antenatal check-up.
2nd visit: Between 14 and 26 weeks.
3rd visit: Between 28 and 34 weeks.
4th visit: Between 36 weeks and term
b) Intra-natal care: (24-hour delivery services both
normal and assisted)
c) Proficient in identification and basic first aid treatment for PPH, Eclampsia, Sepsis and prompt referral
d) Postnatal Care
-breast milk initiation
-counselling for nutrition
-management of hypothermia
f) Care of the child
-routine management of childhood illness
-under 5 clinic referral
-immunization
Prevention of childhood illness
Nutrition Services (coordinated with ICDS)
Essential
a. Diagnosis of and nutrition advice to malnourished children, pregnant women and others.
b. Diagnosis and management of anaemia and vitamin A deficiency.
c. Coordination with ICDS.
Essential
OPD services: A total of 6 hours of OPD services out of which 4 hours in the morning and 2 hours in the afternoon for six days in a week. Time schedule will vary from state to state. Minimum OPD attendance is expected to be 40 patients per doctor per day. In addition to six hours of duty at the PHC, it is desirable that MO PHC shall spend at least two hours per day twice in a week for field duties and monitoring.
24 hours emergency services: appropriate management of injuries and accident, First Aid, stitching of wounds, incision and drainage of abscess, stabilisation of the condition of the patient before referral, Dog bite/snake bite/scorpion bite cases, and other emergency conditions. These services will be provided primarily by the nursing staff. However, in case of need, Medical Officer may be available to attend to emergencies on call basis.
Referral services.
In-patient services (6 beds)
Essential
a) Antenatal care
I. Early registration of all pregnancies ideally in the first trimester (before 12th week of pregnancy).
Minimum 4 antenatal check-ups and provision of
complete package of services.
Suggested schedule for antenatal visits:
1st visit: Within 12 weeks—preferably as soon as pregnancy is suspected—for registration of pregnancy and first antenatal check-up.
2nd visit: Between 14 and 26 weeks.
3rd visit: Between 28 and 34 weeks.
4th visit: Between 36 weeks and term
b) Intra-natal care: (24-hour delivery services both
normal and assisted)
c) Proficient in identification and basic first aid treatment for PPH, Eclampsia, Sepsis and prompt referral
d) Postnatal Care
-breast milk initiation
-counselling for nutrition
-management of hypothermia
f) Care of the child
-routine management of childhood illness
-under 5 clinic referral
-immunization
Prevention of childhood illness
Nutrition Services (coordinated with ICDS)
Essential
a. Diagnosis of and nutrition advice to malnourished children, pregnant women and others.
b. Diagnosis and management of anaemia and vitamin A deficiency.
c. Coordination with ICDS.
Penicillins. For common type of infectious diseases the best and safest antibiotic is penicillin. But because of the emergence of resistant strains and the fear of hyper sensitivity reactions, the use of penicillin’s had declined well.
Infection caused by all gram positive organisms, except penicillinase producing staphylococci are susceptible to penicillin. The availability of semisynthetic and synthetic penicillins are now replacing the simple pencillins. But the fear of hypersensitivity is similar to these agents also. In our set up the group of pencillins that may be made use of in the primary centres are the following:
1. ampicillin
2. Amoxycillin
3. Cloxacillin
4. Methicillin
are the next important group of anti bacterial agents which may be made available in the primary centres. These can be used for penicillin resistant cases.
I
Gentamycin, Kanamycin and Amikacin may be stored to tackle the gram negative organisms.
Erythromicin and related group of antibiotics are widely used for pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, cellulitis. Etc. They can be used in penicillin contra indicated cases also.
The broad spectrum antibiotics like the tetracyclins and chloramphenicol are now a days very rarely used because of their toxicity and such drugs may not be stored for primary centres.
The newer variety of Qunolones are now widely used mainly for treating typhoid fever and for managing resistant infections of tuberculosis.
The primary centre should have enough quantity of anti-tuberculous drugs and also antileprosy drugs. The common anti tuberculous drugs anti leprotic drugs needed are Rifampincin, INH, Dapsone, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide, and Clofazimine.