This document discusses several English grammar topics in three sections: 1) Phrasal verbs, which are verbs combined with prepositions or adverbs that modify the verb's meaning. Common phrasal verbs are given as examples. 2) Modal verbs of advice and obligation like "should" and "must" that are used to give advice or express obligations. Examples of each are provided. 3) Future tenses in English, specifically how "will" expresses predictions and "going to" expresses intentions. Example sentences use both. The last section discusses tag questions with forms of "be" used to confirm or deny a statement.

1. Phrasal Verbs
MODAL VERBS OF ADVICE AND OBLIGATION.
FUTURE TENSES
TAG QUESTIONS WITH BE
Lisbanys Catalán Redondo

2. Phrasal Verbs are verbs that accompany an adverb (phrasal verb) or
preposition (prepositional verb) by modifying the meaning of the verb
to which they accompany.
These expressions are formed by combining verbs with prepositions or
with adverbs. The meaning of these compound verbs can be very
different from what we could deduce from the individual meaning of
the verb and preposition (or adverb) of which it is composed.
The importance of phrasal verbs is that they have a very common use
in English. Keep in mind also that a same phrasal verb can have several
meanings.
Phrasal Verbs

3. a. Come back (volver de un lugar):
Sally is leaving tomorrow and coming back on Saturday. (Sally viaja mañana y
vuelve el sábado)
b. Break down (dejar de funcionar):
Sorry I am late, the car broke down. (siento llegar tarde, el carro dejó de funcionar)
c. Take off (despegar):
I was nervous as the plane took off. (estaba nervioso hasta que el avión despegó)
d. Get in (entrar):
How did the thieves get in?. (¿cómo entraron los ladrones?)
e. Take off (quitarse ropa):
It was warm, so I took off my jacket. (estaba caliente, por lo tanto me quité mi
chaqueta)
Examples:

4. MODAL VERBS OF ADVICE AND OBLIGATION.
Are words we use to give a council or express a obligation and accompany a verb or action.
To Advice can use: Should (debería); shouldn’t (no debería)
To Obligation can use: Have to (tener que); Must (deber)
Examples:
a. You have to at vegetables. (tú tienes que comer vegetales)
b. He must do the homework. (él debe hacer la tarea)
c. They should visit the doctor. (ellos deberían visitar al doctor)
d. You shouldn’t eat junk food. (no deberías comer comida chatarra)
e. She must travel tomorrow. (ella debe viajar mañana)

5. FUTURE TENSES
There are several different ways in English that you can talk about the future.
The auxiliary verb will is used in making predictions or simple statements of fact
about the future.
The auxiliary verb going to is used in talking about intentions. (An intention is a plan
for the future that you have already thought about.)
Examples:
a. The sun will rise at 6:30 tomorrow. (el sol saldrá a las 6:30 mañana)
b. We are going to buy a new car next month. (nosotros vamos a comprar un carro
nuevo el próximo mes)
c. I am going to work in a bank next year. (voy a trabajar en un banco el próximo año)
d. He will travel to London. (él viajará a Londres)
e. She will not play soccer. (ella no jugará fútbol)

6. TAG QUESTIONS WITHBE
Tag questions are mini-questions that are placed at the end of an affirmative or
negative sentence and are generally aimed at confirming or denying the content of
the sentence itself. It is the equivalent of truth? Spanish or not? Most used in
countries of America.
The same verb form is used in NEGATIVE: are not you? Is not he? Is not she Is not it
Are not we? Are not you Are not they?
Examples:
a. It's a beautiful day, isn't it? (Es un día hermoso, ¿no?)
b. Martha is angry, isn't she? (Marta está enojada, ¿verdad?)
c. You are really tired, aren't you? (Estás muy cansado, ¿no?)
d. They're very nice people, aren't they? (Son personas muy agradables, ¿no?)
e. You are coming tomorrow, aren't you? (Vas a venir mañana, ¿verdad?)
f. Pedro's flying now, isn't he? (Pedro está volando en estos momentos, ¿no?)