Can atau could termasuk modal dalam bahasa inggris, file ini berisikan hal-hal yang terkait dengan hal tersebut.

1. MODAL
Adalah kata kerja bantu yang memiliki arti dan fungsi tertentu.
Kinds :
1. Modal Auxiliary (Murni)
Kinds :
- Can - Shall - Had better
- Could - Should - Ought to
- Will - May - Must
- Would - Might - Would rather
2. Similar Expression of Modal
Kinds :
MODAL SIMILAR MODAL Meaning
Would Used to Terbiasa (dulu)
Will Be going to Akan
Can Be able to Dapat, mampu, bisa
Should Be supposed to Seharusnya
May Be allowed to Boleh
Must
Have to
Have got to
Be to
Harus

2. Peraturan Modal
a. Modal Auxiliary
1. Modal selalu tetap
e.g :
She wills come here (Incorrect)
She will come here (Correct)
2. Modal selalu diikuti Bare Infinitive
e.g :
They can speaking English (Incorrect)
They can speak English (Correct)
3. Single Modal bisa diganti dengan Similar
e.g :
He should accompany his son.
He is supposed to accompany his son.
4. Double Modal
POLA EXAMPLE
S + M + M + V1 (x) I will can speak English. (x)
S + M + SEoM + V1 (v) I will be able to speak English. (v)
S + SEoM + M + V1 (x) I am going to can speak English. (x)
S + SEoM + SEoM + V1 (v) I am going to be able to speak English. (v)
5. Tidak ada Perfect Tense (have + V3) dalam modal, kecuali “will/shall,
would/should” yang bermakna “akan”.
e.g :
Dia akan pulang besok (Perfect) : He will have gone home tomorrow.
Dia pasti pulang kemarin (Past) : He will have gone home yesterday.

3. 6. Modal tidak bisa bertemu dengan Auxiliary lain, kecuali “be & have”.
Auxiliary lain : is/am/are, was/were, been, being, has, had, do/does, did.
e.g :
I will is visiting my friends. (x)
I will be visiting my friends. (v) Future Continous
I will have visited my friends. (v) Perfect Tense
b. Similar Expression of Modal
1. Menghindari Double Modal
e.g :
Bob will can speak English. (Incorrect)
Bob will be able to speak English. (Correct)
2. Bisa diikuti atau didahului To Infinitive
e.g :
They want to can speak English. (Incorrect)
They want to be able to speak English. (Correct)
3. Bisa memasuki Perfect Tense (have + V3)
e.g :
They have been able to speak English.
4. Selain “used to”, Similar mengikuti tenses.
e.g :
SIMILAR PERUBAHAN
Have to She has to speak English.
They had to speak English.
Be able to He is able to speak English.
We are able to speak English.
Be going to They were going to speak English.
It was going to speak English.
... etc

4. USING OF MODAL
CAN
Ability Permission Possibility
Makna : bisa, mampu
e.g :
I can run quickly.
Makna : boleh, bisakah,
bolehkah
e.g :
can we play football here?
Makna : mungkin
e.g :
He is not in the canteen. He
can be in the class now.
COULD
Ability in the past Permission Polite request
Makna : bisa, mampu
e.g :
Tom could finish my
homeworkfast last week.
Makna : boleh, bolehkah
e.g :
You could lay down here.
Makna : bisakah, bolehkah,
maukah
e.g :
Could you take my bag?
NOTICE!
 Perbedaan “Could” dan “Be able to” dalam Past Tense.
COULD Be able to
1. Time clause 1. Time Signal
2. Habitual action (kemampuan asli) 2. Single Action (kebetulan)
e.g :
Sarah could climb the coconut tree when she was young.
Ferry was able to meet SBY 3 months ago.

5. 1. Possibility (Kemungkinan)
MODAL MAKNA PERSAMAAN
Will Pasti (95%) I am sure that ...
Must
Should Kemungkinan besar (90%)
Probably
Perhaps
Maybe
It’s possible that ...
Ought to
Can
Mungkin (50%)
Could
May
Might
e.g :
Fitri is crying. She may be losing her candy.
I saw John in the hospital yesterday. He should have been sick.
2. Request (Permintaan)
Modal : - WILL - CAN - MAY
- WOULD - COULD - MIGHT
Kinds :
a) Subject “I & We”
Modal : MAY, MIGHT, CAN, COULD (bolehkah)
e.g :
- May I come to your house tomorrow?
- Can I taste your cake? (informal)
b) Subject “You”
Modal : WILL, WOULD, CAN, COULD, (maukah, sudikah)
e.g :
- Would you be in tonight?
- Can you pare this apple for me? (informal)

6. Exercise 1 - Translate into English!
1. Para juri belum datang. Mereka mungkin sedang sarapan di kantin.
2. Mr. James bisa berenang di laut lima tahun yang lalu.
3. Apa yang bisa saya lakukan untukmu?
4. Maukah kau menjemputku?
5. Leon tidak bisa mengetik dengan cepat.
Exercise 2 - Choose the right answer!
1. I ______ watch the movie last night. My TV was broken.
a. could
b. can't
c. couldn't
2. I ______ open the door last night, the key was stuck in it!
a. couldn't
b. could
c. can
3. ______ you hear that storm yesterday?
a. can
b. can't
c. could
4. I enjoyed my trip to Paris because I ______ speak a little French.
a. could
b. couldn't
c. can
5. ______ you speak Russian when you went to the university in Moscow or did you learn
later?
a. can
b. could
c. couldn't

7. 6. ______ I borrow your phone for two seconds? Thanks.
a. could
b. couldn't
c. can't
7. Both my sisters ______ dance ballet really well. I think they'll be famous!
a. could
b. can
c. couldn't
8. I see that he's shouting something, but I ______ hear what he's saying at all.
a. couldn't
b. could
c. can't
9. _____ he understand what you were talking about?
a. Could
b. Cans
c. Coulded
10. My sister _____ play tennis now.
a. can to
b. can
c. will can
Exercise 3 - Complete These Sentences!
1. We (can - can't - could - couldn't) speak English well because our grandfather is a British.
2. A year ago, Laura (can - can't - could - couldn't) get in contact with her brother because
he changed his number.
3. (can - can't - could - couldn't) you join me to go to Lisa's birthday party tomorrow? It'll
be fun if we go together.
4. I was smart before. I (can - can't - could - couldn't) do algebra when I was 8 years old.
5. (can - can't - could - couldn't) you play piano for me?
6. Mr. Young (can - can't - could - couldn't) attend the meeting because he's sick.

8. 7. Naura is wearing glasses. She (can - can't - could - couldn't) see things clearly.
8. Rianti was very busy. She (can - can't - could - couldn't) exercise regularly.
9. The building is close. We (can - can't - could - couldn't) come inside.
10. The rain (can - can't - could - couldn't) be worse this afternoon.