This document discusses the history and evolution of directional drilling from the early 1900s to present day. Some key developments include the first use of acid bottles and drift recorders in the 1920s to measure wellbore inclination, gyroscopic survey tools in the late 1920s, and the first magnetic survey tools and controlled directional wells in the late 1920s/early 1930s. Mud motors and bent subs allowed for improved directional control starting in the 1960s. Modern directional drilling utilizes measurement-while-drilling tools and rotary steerable systems to precisely place wellbores.
Martin Cox - Directional Drilling - technology, development and achievements ...MiningInstitute
This document provides an overview of the history and development of directional drilling technology from the early oil industry in the late 19th century through modern applications. Key developments include the introduction of rotary drilling, downhole motors to enable steering while drilling, measurement-while-drilling tools for continuous well surveying, and rotary steerable systems that allow extended reach drilling up to 15-18km while continuously rotating drill pipe. These advancements have enabled greater access to reservoirs and reduced environmental impacts from offshore oil and gas development.
This document provides an overview of well planning and drilling methods used in the oil industry. It discusses the history of oil drilling beginning in China and the 1859 well drilled by Colonel Drake. Cable tool drilling was initially used but has been replaced by rotary drilling. Rotary drilling uses a bit that is rotated while applying downward force to crush rock formations. Drilling fluid is circulated to carry cuttings up the well. The document describes the components and functions of a rotary drilling rig, including the derrick, drill string, blowout preventers, and more. It also discusses the roles and responsibilities of personnel on a drilling rig such as the driller, derrickman, and toolpusher.
This document discusses drilled pier foundations, which are similar to pile foundations but installed through excavation rather than driving. It describes the four main types of drilled piers: straight-shaft end-bearing, straight-shaft sidewall-friction, combination end-bearing and sidewall-friction, and underreamed or belled piers. The document also outlines the advantages and disadvantages of drilled pier foundations and discusses historical and modern methods of construction, including the dry method, casing method, and slurry method.
This document discusses geological considerations for successful tunneling. It describes how the rock type, geological structures, and groundwater conditions can impact tunnel construction. Competent rocks like massive igneous rocks allow safe but slow tunneling without lining, while incompetent or fractured rocks require support. Folded or jointed rocks, fault zones, and water-bearing formations present challenges. Proper site investigation is needed to evaluate the geology and plan appropriate excavation and support methods.
This document provides information on various topics related to tunnelling including introduction, role of geology, factors improving tunnelling, problems associated with tunnelling, future considerations, terms related to mining practices and tunnelling, tunnel service classification, methods of tunnelling, development of drills, equipment used, drilling processes, and specific drilling equipment. It discusses the importance of tunnels, describes different types of tunnels based on use and ground conditions, and outlines key factors to consider for tunnel design and construction methods.
Directional drilling has become a very important tool in
the development of oil and gas deposits. Current
expenditures for hydrocarbon production have dictated
the necessity of controlled directional drilling to a much
larger extent than previously.
This document provides an overview of subsurface exploration, which involves site investigation and soil exploration to assess soil conditions for engineering projects. It discusses the objectives, phases and methods of subsurface exploration. The main methods covered are open excavation techniques like test pits and trenches, as well as boring techniques like auger, wash, percussion and rotary boring. It also describes different sampling techniques for obtaining disturbed and undisturbed soil samples, and different types of in-situ tests like standard penetration tests and cone penetration tests.
This document provides an overview of directional, horizontal, and multilateral drilling. It defines directional drilling as controlling the path of a wellbore along a planned course. Some key applications of directional drilling discussed include sidetracking, drilling in inaccessible locations, drilling around salt domes, and drilling multiple wells from a single platform. The document also discusses different well profiles that can be used like build and hold, S-shaped, and deep kick-off profiles. It describes tools used for directional drilling like whipstocks, jetting, downhole motors, and rotary steerable systems. Finally, the document discusses planning the profile of directional wells.
Martin Cox - Directional Drilling - technology, development and achievements ...MiningInstitute
This document provides an overview of the history and development of directional drilling technology from the early oil industry in the late 19th century through modern applications. Key developments include the introduction of rotary drilling, downhole motors to enable steering while drilling, measurement-while-drilling tools for continuous well surveying, and rotary steerable systems that allow extended reach drilling up to 15-18km while continuously rotating drill pipe. These advancements have enabled greater access to reservoirs and reduced environmental impacts from offshore oil and gas development.
This document provides an overview of well planning and drilling methods used in the oil industry. It discusses the history of oil drilling beginning in China and the 1859 well drilled by Colonel Drake. Cable tool drilling was initially used but has been replaced by rotary drilling. Rotary drilling uses a bit that is rotated while applying downward force to crush rock formations. Drilling fluid is circulated to carry cuttings up the well. The document describes the components and functions of a rotary drilling rig, including the derrick, drill string, blowout preventers, and more. It also discusses the roles and responsibilities of personnel on a drilling rig such as the driller, derrickman, and toolpusher.
This document discusses drilled pier foundations, which are similar to pile foundations but installed through excavation rather than driving. It describes the four main types of drilled piers: straight-shaft end-bearing, straight-shaft sidewall-friction, combination end-bearing and sidewall-friction, and underreamed or belled piers. The document also outlines the advantages and disadvantages of drilled pier foundations and discusses historical and modern methods of construction, including the dry method, casing method, and slurry method.
This document discusses geological considerations for successful tunneling. It describes how the rock type, geological structures, and groundwater conditions can impact tunnel construction. Competent rocks like massive igneous rocks allow safe but slow tunneling without lining, while incompetent or fractured rocks require support. Folded or jointed rocks, fault zones, and water-bearing formations present challenges. Proper site investigation is needed to evaluate the geology and plan appropriate excavation and support methods.
This document provides information on various topics related to tunnelling including introduction, role of geology, factors improving tunnelling, problems associated with tunnelling, future considerations, terms related to mining practices and tunnelling, tunnel service classification, methods of tunnelling, development of drills, equipment used, drilling processes, and specific drilling equipment. It discusses the importance of tunnels, describes different types of tunnels based on use and ground conditions, and outlines key factors to consider for tunnel design and construction methods.
Directional drilling has become a very important tool in
the development of oil and gas deposits. Current
expenditures for hydrocarbon production have dictated
the necessity of controlled directional drilling to a much
larger extent than previously.
This document provides an overview of subsurface exploration, which involves site investigation and soil exploration to assess soil conditions for engineering projects. It discusses the objectives, phases and methods of subsurface exploration. The main methods covered are open excavation techniques like test pits and trenches, as well as boring techniques like auger, wash, percussion and rotary boring. It also describes different sampling techniques for obtaining disturbed and undisturbed soil samples, and different types of in-situ tests like standard penetration tests and cone penetration tests.
This document provides an overview of directional, horizontal, and multilateral drilling. It defines directional drilling as controlling the path of a wellbore along a planned course. Some key applications of directional drilling discussed include sidetracking, drilling in inaccessible locations, drilling around salt domes, and drilling multiple wells from a single platform. The document also discusses different well profiles that can be used like build and hold, S-shaped, and deep kick-off profiles. It describes tools used for directional drilling like whipstocks, jetting, downhole motors, and rotary steerable systems. Finally, the document discusses planning the profile of directional wells.
Offshore drilling and production equipment (1)nhuvangiap
This chapter provides an overview of offshore drilling and production equipment. It begins with a summary of rotary drilling methods, including the components of a typical offshore drilling rig. It then describes various types of offshore drilling structures like jack-ups, semisubmersibles, and drillships. The chapter also covers different offshore production systems used to extract oil and gas, such as platforms and FPSOs. It concludes with a brief history of technological advancements that have allowed drilling and production to move to deeper offshore locations.
This document provides an overview of drilling engineering. It discusses the history of drilling beginning in the 1840s using percussion drilling. It describes how rotary drilling was developed to allow for offshore drilling. The document outlines the infrastructure and processes involved in drilling, including offshore and onshore structures, load considerations, drilling rigs, bits, pipes, fluids, cementing, directional drilling, kicks, blowout preventers, completions, wellheads, manifolds, and abandonment. Key aspects driving infrastructure decisions are the economic viability and technical requirements of the reservoir and installation.
The document discusses various rock drilling methods and equipment. It describes the main types of rock drilling as mechanical (percussion, rotary, rotary-percussion), thermal, hydraulic, sonic, chemical, electrical, seismic and nuclear. It also discusses specific drilling equipment like jackhammers, jacklegs, stopers, drifters, wagon drills, and down-the-hole hammers. Factors for selecting drills and the development of techniques like bit optimization, microwave drilling, and magnetic hammer systems are also summarized.
Horizontal drilling involves drilling wells horizontally within a geological formation rather than vertically. It allows for greater access to resources located in horizontal formations like shale rock. Historically, horizontal drilling faced challenges with directional control, hole cleaning, and surveying the well path. Modern downhole motors and continuous surveying tools have helped address these issues. The main objective is to increase production by improving contact between the wellbore and formation. Risks include increased drag and torque on drill tools as well as difficulties removing cuttings. Planning and costs involve multiple phases from vertical drilling to hydraulic fracturing. Overall, horizontal drilling analysis requires engineering judgment due to uncertainties.
This document provides definitions and applications of directional drilling. It discusses how directional wells are used to access reservoirs beneath obstacles or property lines. Deflection tools like whipstocks and bent subs are used to change a well's trajectory. Positive displacement motors and turbine motors are the two types of mud motors used to rotate drill bits for directional drilling. The three main well profiles are defined as: Type I "build and hold", Type II "build, hold, and drop", and Type III "continuous build". Examples are given of how to design each type of directional well based on input parameters.
This document provides an overview of shaft sinking methods for underground mining. It discusses traditional methods like wood/steel piling and open caisson as well as more advanced techniques like vertical shaft sinking machines (VSM) and shaft boring systems. The document highlights the advantages of mechanical excavation methods like VSMs in providing higher production rates and safety compared to traditional drill and blast operations. It analyzes case studies of shafts sunk in India and concludes that using advanced technologies could have increased production rates by 30% while improving safety and reducing costs compared to conventional shaft sinking methods.
1. Drilling involves making holes in the ground or rocks to obtain information about the interior of the Earth.
2. There are various drilling methods that can be used, each with advantages and disadvantages in terms of depth reached, sample quality, cost, and penetration rate.
3. Percussion drilling uses compressed air to power a hammer that breaks the ground with both percussion and rotation, allowing for shallow holes up to 150 meters. Reverse circulation drilling can drill deeper using compressed air or water to remove cuttings.
Oil and Gas production: from exploration wells to the last stage of production.Eric HAGENIMANA
Eric Hagenimana wrote a paper on the process of oil production from discovery through the end stages. He began by explaining that oil and gas exploration uses techniques like seismic surveys and exploration wells to determine if sufficient resources exist. If so, production wells are drilled and the oil or gas is brought to the surface using natural reservoir pressures or artificial lifting. As the reservoir ages, enhanced oil recovery techniques like water flooding can be used to extract more of the remaining oil, but eventually declining pressures make the field no longer economically viable and it is abandoned.
This document provides definitions and information about directional drilling. It discusses the applications of directional drilling including its history and typical uses. It describes the main deflection tools used like whipstocks, jetting bits, and bent subs with mud motors. It also explains the two main types of mud motors - turbines and positive displacement motors. Finally, it outlines the three main types of well profiles: Type I or "build and hold", Type II "build, hold, and drop", and Type III "continuous build".
This document discusses drilling techniques used in mining. It begins with an introduction to drilling and blasting as important operations in mining. It then covers various types of drilling including manual, pneumatic, electric, and hydraulic drilling. Parameters for drilling like speed, efficiency, and productivity are discussed. Factors that influence the location and inclination of drill holes like rock type, number of free faces, and fragmentation requirements are also outlined. The document goes on to describe drill patterns including different types of cuts or wedges used to create additional free faces for blasting like angled and parallel cuts. Regulations for safety during drilling are also mentioned.
The document provides information on various mining equipment used for both surface and underground mining. It describes the bucket wheel excavator (BWE) which is a large continuous mining machine that excavates and loads material using a rotating wheel with buckets. It also discusses power shovels which operate cyclically to load and haul material. For underground mining, it outlines the shearer, a cutting machine used in longwall mining, and load-haul-dump trucks (LHDs) which are used to transport excavated material cyclically within the mine.
This report investigates the subsurface conditions and dewatering requirements for installing roughly 1200 meters of sanitary forcemain along the Jock River in Richmond, Ontario. One of the main challenges is the high groundwater table, which requires significant dewatering down to depths of 4.5 meters below ground level. Two dewatering methods are analyzed: sump pumping and a wellpoint system. The report also examines soil excavation support needs due to trench heights and proposes using stacked trench boxes to safely support the soils.
The document discusses rig inspections and drilling operations. It provides details on:
1. The exploration and production licensing process.
2. The typical phases of exploration, development, production, maintenance and abandonment of an oil or gas field.
3. Factors considered when planning a directional well path such as the target location, size and shape, surface rig location, and subsurface obstacles.
This document provides an overview of site investigation planning and procurement. It discusses the objectives of site investigation, which include site selection, foundation and earthworks design, temporary works design, assessing environmental impacts, investigating existing construction, designing remedial works, and conducting safety checks. The document also outlines the history and development of site investigation techniques from ancient times through the 20th century, noting important contributions from Terzaghi, Casagrande, and others to establishing modern soil mechanics principles and standardized investigation methods.
This document provides an outline for a lecture presentation on open pit mining methods and planning. It discusses key parameters such as bench height and geometry, cutoff grade calculation, and factors affecting open pit stability. The presentation covers the basic concept of open pit mining, how overburden is removed, and machinery used such as trucks, shovels, and drills. Diagrams illustrate typical bench terminology and pit slope angles. The importance of optimizing the pit design is addressed through considering elements like production scheduling, waste disposal, and ultimate pit limits.
The document discusses the basics of drilling in mining operations, including different types of drilling methods such as mechanical percussion and rotary drilling. It describes the components and functions of drilling equipment, including the rock drill, feed equipment, drilling rods, bits, and power sources. Different drilling methods are suited for different hole sizes and rock properties in various types of mining operations.
The document provides an overview of tunnel boring machines (TBMs) and their history and use in tunnel construction. Some key points:
- The first shield-based tunneling method was developed by Marc Isambard Brunel in 1825 to construct the Thames Tunnel, though miners still did the digging. Later improvements led to round-shaped "tube" tunnels in London.
- Early mechanical TBMs in the mid-1800s had limited success digging through rock and shale. The modern breakthrough was the rotating cutting head, based on earlier percussion drills.
- TBMs can be specialized for different soil/rock types, using slurry, earth pressure balance, or cutting wheels for rock.
The document discusses soil exploration, which involves investigating subsoil conditions through field and laboratory tests to obtain information needed for foundation design. It describes various boring and sampling methods used to collect disturbed and undisturbed soil samples at different depths for testing and analysis. The goal is to determine soil type, strength, compressibility and other parameters critical to foundation type selection and design of safe bearing pressures.
Offshore drilling and production equipment (1)nhuvangiap
This chapter provides an overview of offshore drilling and production equipment. It begins with a summary of rotary drilling methods, including the components of a typical offshore drilling rig. It then describes various types of offshore drilling structures like jack-ups, semisubmersibles, and drillships. The chapter also covers different offshore production systems used to extract oil and gas, such as platforms and FPSOs. It concludes with a brief history of technological advancements that have allowed drilling and production to move to deeper offshore locations.
This document provides an overview of drilling engineering. It discusses the history of drilling beginning in the 1840s using percussion drilling. It describes how rotary drilling was developed to allow for offshore drilling. The document outlines the infrastructure and processes involved in drilling, including offshore and onshore structures, load considerations, drilling rigs, bits, pipes, fluids, cementing, directional drilling, kicks, blowout preventers, completions, wellheads, manifolds, and abandonment. Key aspects driving infrastructure decisions are the economic viability and technical requirements of the reservoir and installation.
The document discusses various rock drilling methods and equipment. It describes the main types of rock drilling as mechanical (percussion, rotary, rotary-percussion), thermal, hydraulic, sonic, chemical, electrical, seismic and nuclear. It also discusses specific drilling equipment like jackhammers, jacklegs, stopers, drifters, wagon drills, and down-the-hole hammers. Factors for selecting drills and the development of techniques like bit optimization, microwave drilling, and magnetic hammer systems are also summarized.
Horizontal drilling involves drilling wells horizontally within a geological formation rather than vertically. It allows for greater access to resources located in horizontal formations like shale rock. Historically, horizontal drilling faced challenges with directional control, hole cleaning, and surveying the well path. Modern downhole motors and continuous surveying tools have helped address these issues. The main objective is to increase production by improving contact between the wellbore and formation. Risks include increased drag and torque on drill tools as well as difficulties removing cuttings. Planning and costs involve multiple phases from vertical drilling to hydraulic fracturing. Overall, horizontal drilling analysis requires engineering judgment due to uncertainties.
This document provides definitions and applications of directional drilling. It discusses how directional wells are used to access reservoirs beneath obstacles or property lines. Deflection tools like whipstocks and bent subs are used to change a well's trajectory. Positive displacement motors and turbine motors are the two types of mud motors used to rotate drill bits for directional drilling. The three main well profiles are defined as: Type I "build and hold", Type II "build, hold, and drop", and Type III "continuous build". Examples are given of how to design each type of directional well based on input parameters.
This document provides an overview of shaft sinking methods for underground mining. It discusses traditional methods like wood/steel piling and open caisson as well as more advanced techniques like vertical shaft sinking machines (VSM) and shaft boring systems. The document highlights the advantages of mechanical excavation methods like VSMs in providing higher production rates and safety compared to traditional drill and blast operations. It analyzes case studies of shafts sunk in India and concludes that using advanced technologies could have increased production rates by 30% while improving safety and reducing costs compared to conventional shaft sinking methods.
1. Drilling involves making holes in the ground or rocks to obtain information about the interior of the Earth.
2. There are various drilling methods that can be used, each with advantages and disadvantages in terms of depth reached, sample quality, cost, and penetration rate.
3. Percussion drilling uses compressed air to power a hammer that breaks the ground with both percussion and rotation, allowing for shallow holes up to 150 meters. Reverse circulation drilling can drill deeper using compressed air or water to remove cuttings.
Oil and Gas production: from exploration wells to the last stage of production.Eric HAGENIMANA
Eric Hagenimana wrote a paper on the process of oil production from discovery through the end stages. He began by explaining that oil and gas exploration uses techniques like seismic surveys and exploration wells to determine if sufficient resources exist. If so, production wells are drilled and the oil or gas is brought to the surface using natural reservoir pressures or artificial lifting. As the reservoir ages, enhanced oil recovery techniques like water flooding can be used to extract more of the remaining oil, but eventually declining pressures make the field no longer economically viable and it is abandoned.
This document provides definitions and information about directional drilling. It discusses the applications of directional drilling including its history and typical uses. It describes the main deflection tools used like whipstocks, jetting bits, and bent subs with mud motors. It also explains the two main types of mud motors - turbines and positive displacement motors. Finally, it outlines the three main types of well profiles: Type I or "build and hold", Type II "build, hold, and drop", and Type III "continuous build".
This document discusses drilling techniques used in mining. It begins with an introduction to drilling and blasting as important operations in mining. It then covers various types of drilling including manual, pneumatic, electric, and hydraulic drilling. Parameters for drilling like speed, efficiency, and productivity are discussed. Factors that influence the location and inclination of drill holes like rock type, number of free faces, and fragmentation requirements are also outlined. The document goes on to describe drill patterns including different types of cuts or wedges used to create additional free faces for blasting like angled and parallel cuts. Regulations for safety during drilling are also mentioned.
The document provides information on various mining equipment used for both surface and underground mining. It describes the bucket wheel excavator (BWE) which is a large continuous mining machine that excavates and loads material using a rotating wheel with buckets. It also discusses power shovels which operate cyclically to load and haul material. For underground mining, it outlines the shearer, a cutting machine used in longwall mining, and load-haul-dump trucks (LHDs) which are used to transport excavated material cyclically within the mine.
This report investigates the subsurface conditions and dewatering requirements for installing roughly 1200 meters of sanitary forcemain along the Jock River in Richmond, Ontario. One of the main challenges is the high groundwater table, which requires significant dewatering down to depths of 4.5 meters below ground level. Two dewatering methods are analyzed: sump pumping and a wellpoint system. The report also examines soil excavation support needs due to trench heights and proposes using stacked trench boxes to safely support the soils.
The document discusses rig inspections and drilling operations. It provides details on:
1. The exploration and production licensing process.
2. The typical phases of exploration, development, production, maintenance and abandonment of an oil or gas field.
3. Factors considered when planning a directional well path such as the target location, size and shape, surface rig location, and subsurface obstacles.
This document provides an overview of site investigation planning and procurement. It discusses the objectives of site investigation, which include site selection, foundation and earthworks design, temporary works design, assessing environmental impacts, investigating existing construction, designing remedial works, and conducting safety checks. The document also outlines the history and development of site investigation techniques from ancient times through the 20th century, noting important contributions from Terzaghi, Casagrande, and others to establishing modern soil mechanics principles and standardized investigation methods.
This document provides an outline for a lecture presentation on open pit mining methods and planning. It discusses key parameters such as bench height and geometry, cutoff grade calculation, and factors affecting open pit stability. The presentation covers the basic concept of open pit mining, how overburden is removed, and machinery used such as trucks, shovels, and drills. Diagrams illustrate typical bench terminology and pit slope angles. The importance of optimizing the pit design is addressed through considering elements like production scheduling, waste disposal, and ultimate pit limits.
The document discusses the basics of drilling in mining operations, including different types of drilling methods such as mechanical percussion and rotary drilling. It describes the components and functions of drilling equipment, including the rock drill, feed equipment, drilling rods, bits, and power sources. Different drilling methods are suited for different hole sizes and rock properties in various types of mining operations.
The document provides an overview of tunnel boring machines (TBMs) and their history and use in tunnel construction. Some key points:
- The first shield-based tunneling method was developed by Marc Isambard Brunel in 1825 to construct the Thames Tunnel, though miners still did the digging. Later improvements led to round-shaped "tube" tunnels in London.
- Early mechanical TBMs in the mid-1800s had limited success digging through rock and shale. The modern breakthrough was the rotating cutting head, based on earlier percussion drills.
- TBMs can be specialized for different soil/rock types, using slurry, earth pressure balance, or cutting wheels for rock.
The document discusses soil exploration, which involves investigating subsoil conditions through field and laboratory tests to obtain information needed for foundation design. It describes various boring and sampling methods used to collect disturbed and undisturbed soil samples at different depths for testing and analysis. The goal is to determine soil type, strength, compressibility and other parameters critical to foundation type selection and design of safe bearing pressures.
This document summarizes a blowout that occurred during fracturing operations on a well in South Texas. Wild Well Control responded and was able to install a new wellhead and secure the well within 5 days. They removed equipment from the site and controlled water flow before excavating to remove the damaged wellhead. A diamond wire saw was used instead of an abrasive jet cutter to remove the wellhead faster. A slip lock wellhead was then installed and the well was capped by installing a tubing head and closing manual gate valves.
Hydraulics Summary to optimization of drill bit hydraulicsJalal Neshat
This document contains a table with specifications for water wells at different depths, including metrics like depth, mud weight, nozzle configuration, total flow area, flow rate, sand production potential, and hole-cleaning index. The table shows these metrics for wells ranging from 1966 to 2618 meters deep, with 140 to 144 pounds per cubic foot mud weight, and various nozzle configurations between 13/16 and 16 inches. It concludes by noting the ideal range for hole-cleaning index is 2 to 8 for a 12 1/4 inch hole.
This report provides design and hydraulic analysis details for Well AZ-534, Wellbore WB1, Design D-1, and Case C-1. It includes general well information, fluid properties, hole geometry, drill string design, well path, pore pressure and fracture gradient profiles, schematics, hydraulics setup, and plots of hydraulic parameters like circulating pressure, minimum flow rate, cuttings bed height, and bit power. The report was generated by Saeed Zamanian on July 5, 2023 for Exxon Dena Co.'s Ahvaz Project Site FATH-27 well.
This document discusses the dynamic simulation of preformed aqueous foam stability for enhanced oil recovery applications. It summarizes the results of simulations examining factors that affect foam drainage and coalescence, including surface tension, salt concentration, and gas type. The simulations show that foam stability is reduced by drainage and coalescence over time. Lower surface tension, nitrogen gas compared to carbon dioxide or methane, and absence of salt all increase foam stability by reducing drainage rates. Understanding these phenomena is important for optimizing foam-assisted enhanced oil recovery.
This document provides a comprehensive review of foam-enhanced oil recovery (foam-EOR) techniques. It discusses the problems with conventional gas-EOR methods, such as gravity override and poor sweep efficiency. Foam-EOR aims to improve sweep efficiency by generating foam to restrict gas mobility and create a uniform displacement front. The review covers foam characterization, factors impacting foam stability and oil recovery, and mechanisms of foam generation. It analyzes laboratory and field implementations of foam-EOR and highlights recent developments to improve foam generation and stability under reservoir conditions.
This study examines the mechanism of improved oil recovery from bottom water reservoirs through nitrogen foam flooding. Laboratory experiments are conducted using core tube and plate models to analyze fluid migration characteristics during nitrogen foam injection. Results show that foam has higher resistance in water layers, increasing displacement in oil layers by diverting subsequent foam into the oil. Foam also enters the oil layer, defoams and forms a secondary gas cap, improving sweep efficiency and displacing residual oil. The research reveals that nitrogen foam flooding improves oil recovery in bottom water reservoirs by plugging the water layer and enhancing displacement in the oil layer.
The document reports on the Drilling Technology Research Program at Sandia Laboratories, which includes four projects: high performance bit development focusing on improving bonding of diamond cutters, development of high temperature drilling fluids instrumentation, testing materials for increased service life in high temperature environments, and research into measuring formation and mud pressures while drilling. The program has made progress in developing strong and erosion-resistant diffusion bonds for attaching diamond cutters, characterizing effects of high temperatures on drilling fluids, and designing field tests of new drilling technologies.
This document provides an introduction and overview to the Landmark OpenWells software. It outlines the objectives of the OpenWells Basics training course, describes key concepts and terminology used in OpenWells such as the Engineer's Desktop, EDM database, and data migration. It also provides an overview of the system's capabilities including customization, integration, value of data, security, modernization, and ease of use. Finally, it begins describing how to get started with OpenWells, including logging in and entering different types of data.
This document contains technical formulas, charts, and tables related to well control. It includes common formulas for calculating capacities and volumes, pump outputs and rates, equivalent circulating density, trip calculations, pressures and gradients, kick-related calculations, lubricate and bleed calculations, bullheading calculations, stripping/snubbing calculations, subsea formulas, accumulator sizing, mud and cement formulas, and hydraulic formulas. It also contains estimates and rules of thumb for tripping, stuck pipe, free point and stretch, temperature drop across chokes, bit nozzle pressure loss, gas well flow rates, and other topics. Finally, it includes data tables for drillpipe, drill collars, casing, hole capacity, pumps, mud weights, B
This document discusses mud volcanoes in the South Caspian Basin. It notes that the basin contains over 160 mud volcanoes offshore and a quarter of the world's 900 known onshore mud volcanoes. Mud volcanoes annually erupt over 109 cubic meters of gases like methane. The document examines the geology of mud volcanoes in the basin, their relationship to seismic activity, Caspian Sea level fluctuations, and hydrocarbon generation. It provides examples of the scale of individual mud volcanoes and estimates total eruptions and gas potential. Correlations are also discussed between mud volcano activity and solar cycles, tidal forces, and earthquakes in the region.
This document presents a new technique for predicting equivalent circulating density (ECD) values while drilling without using downhole tools. The technique uses artificial intelligence (AI) models to evaluate ECD based on surface drilling parameters. Two AI techniques were used: artificial neural networks (ANN) and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS). Both models achieved high accuracy in predicting ECD values compared to actual measurements, with errors less than 0.22%. The models provide a cost-effective and real-time method to evaluate ECD without needing expensive downhole sensors. Implementing these AI models could improve wellbore pressure control and drilling operations management.
This document provides information on rig equipment and drilling sites. It discusses the preparation required for onshore and offshore drilling sites, including constructing access roads, camps, and foundations to support the rig equipment. It also covers environmental and safety requirements for drilling sites such as drainage systems, oil traps, and re-instating the site after drilling is complete. The document then describes the major components of a typical drilling rig and factors to consider when selecting a rig, such as its mechanical rating and suitability for the planned wells.
SPE171748 Surface Safety System for ZADCO (4).pdfJalal Neshat
The document describes a Lift Gas Safety System (LGSS) implemented on gas lift production wells on artificial islands to enhance safety and optimize surface infrastructure during simultaneous drilling and production operations (SIMOPS). The LGSS contains downhole check valves and surface hydraulic safety valves to contain lift gas within the wellbore in an emergency shutdown. It also allows annular pressure monitoring to maintain well integrity. This system lowers the risk of a catastrophic gas release and allows for optimization of surface facilities by removing unnecessary piping and valves. Initial installations are planned for Q4 2014 with wireless monitoring and battery power, transitioning to wired systems for full field development. The LGSS addresses well integrity issues and reduces risks associated with SIMOPS on the islands.
The document discusses mud volcanoes in the South Caspian basin and estimates the depth of origin of their products. It finds that gases have the deepest roots between 7-15 km, which drive the formation and activity of mud volcanoes. Liquid products like oil are sourced from depths up to 5 km from destroyed petroleum accumulations. Solid products like mud are estimated to originate from depths between 3-4 km based on rock compaction criteria. The majority of mud volcanoes are associated with petroleum structures in the basin.
This document provides instructions for backing off stuck pipe using either a top drive or rotary table to apply left hand torque. It describes determining the maximum safe overpull and torque limits, running a free point indicator tool, locating the joint to back off, setting slips and applying left hand torque to transmit it down the string until the stuck point is reached. Once the required torque is achieved, a back-off charge is detonated in hopes of releasing the stuck section of pipe.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia