ABSTRACT- Background: Microalbuminuria in hypertension has been described as an early sign of kidney damage
and a predictor for end stage renal disease and cardiovascular disease. More specifically it is seen amongst patients
suffering from hypertension.
Methods: This study was conducted at Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India in the
department of emergency medicine and 84 subjects were included in the evaluation in the age of more than 30 years.
All patients were diagnosed by clinical examination, anthropometric measurement, blood pressure, urinary
microalbumin, and urinary creatinine. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS, version 16.0 p-values were
calculated by chi-square test, ANOVA unpaired t-test. The p <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: It was found that microalbuminuria among hypertensive patients increased steadily with the advancing age and
the duration of hypertension. The features of high urinary microalbumin 52.09±8.62 mg/24hr and the urinary creatinine
2.37±0.86mg/dl were prevalent in hypertensive patients and it increased in both male and female patients.
Conclusions: The prevalence of microalbuminuria in hypertensive individuals is high, and it revealed strong
association between microalbuminuria and hypertension. Our findings suggest that microalbuminuria could be a useful
marker to assess risk stratification and management of cardiovascular disease and renal disease.
Key words: Hypertension, Cardiovascular disease, Renal disease, Risk factors, Age factors, Urinary creatinine,
Urinary microalbumin
Journal of Cardiovascular Disorders is a peer-reviewed, open access journal published by Austin Publishers. It provides easy access to high quality Manuscripts covering wide aspects of any related diseases that affect the cardiovascular system, primarily cardiac disease, vascular diseases of the vital organs such as brain and kidney, and peripheral arterial disease, understanding the spectrum of disease with applications in observational and analytic epidemiology, randomized clinical trials, screening, cause, risk factor's assessment, age factors, diagnosis and prognosis shimmering the entire spectrum of disease from the earliest emergence to the fatal stages.
Austin Publishing Group is a successful host of more than hundred peer reviewed, open access journals in various fields of science and technology with intent to bridge the gap between academia and research access.
Journal of Cardiovascular Disorders accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports, clinical images, mini reviews, rapid communication, opinions and editorials on all the related aspects of diseases that affect the cardiovascular system, primarily cardiac disease, vascular diseases of the vital organs such as brain and kidney, and peripheral arterial disease.
Serum uric acid as a marker of left ventricular failure in acute myocardial i...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Relative risk of cardiovascular morbidity is increased in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). According to current KDIGO guideline
cardiovascular risk can be estimated from Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and proteinuria.
Comparative Study of Hscrp in Chronic Kidney Diseaseiosrphr_editor
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global threat to health mainly in developing countries because therapy is expensive and lifelong. over 1 million people worldwide are on dialysis or with a functioning graft. Early detection of Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its consequent complications can prevent its grave complications . It causes not only significant morbidity but also it causes high mortality. Because of increase in incidence of Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity and an aging population there is increase in progression of chronic kidney disease to end stage renal disease (ESRD). . Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of mortality in haemodialysis patients and so it has become imperative to have a screening programme at all levels to detect CKD at an early stage and to initiate specific therapy to reduce the progression of renal disease and also the burden of ESRD (1). High sensitive C-Reactive protein (Hs CRP) assay is useful for sensitive detection of inflammatory state (2,3). This study aims at estimating Hs CRP as a marker of inflammation in CKD patients...
Journal of Cardiovascular Disorders is a peer-reviewed, open access journal published by Austin Publishers. It provides easy access to high quality Manuscripts covering wide aspects of any related diseases that affect the cardiovascular system, primarily cardiac disease, vascular diseases of the vital organs such as brain and kidney, and peripheral arterial disease, understanding the spectrum of disease with applications in observational and analytic epidemiology, randomized clinical trials, screening, cause, risk factor's assessment, age factors, diagnosis and prognosis shimmering the entire spectrum of disease from the earliest emergence to the fatal stages.
Austin Publishing Group is a successful host of more than hundred peer reviewed, open access journals in various fields of science and technology with intent to bridge the gap between academia and research access.
Journal of Cardiovascular Disorders accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports, clinical images, mini reviews, rapid communication, opinions and editorials on all the related aspects of diseases that affect the cardiovascular system, primarily cardiac disease, vascular diseases of the vital organs such as brain and kidney, and peripheral arterial disease.
Serum uric acid as a marker of left ventricular failure in acute myocardial i...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Relative risk of cardiovascular morbidity is increased in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). According to current KDIGO guideline
cardiovascular risk can be estimated from Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and proteinuria.
Comparative Study of Hscrp in Chronic Kidney Diseaseiosrphr_editor
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global threat to health mainly in developing countries because therapy is expensive and lifelong. over 1 million people worldwide are on dialysis or with a functioning graft. Early detection of Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its consequent complications can prevent its grave complications . It causes not only significant morbidity but also it causes high mortality. Because of increase in incidence of Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity and an aging population there is increase in progression of chronic kidney disease to end stage renal disease (ESRD). . Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of mortality in haemodialysis patients and so it has become imperative to have a screening programme at all levels to detect CKD at an early stage and to initiate specific therapy to reduce the progression of renal disease and also the burden of ESRD (1). High sensitive C-Reactive protein (Hs CRP) assay is useful for sensitive detection of inflammatory state (2,3). This study aims at estimating Hs CRP as a marker of inflammation in CKD patients...
HDL-cholesterol concentrations are inversely associated with CVD.When we consider cardiovascular mortality in women in terms of HDL.Causes of low HDL cholesterol.Lipoprotein subfractions suffer a shift after menopause towards a more atherogenic lipid profile.associations of HDL-C and HDL-P with cIMT and CHD.MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of therosclerosis. Functional Versus Dysfunctional HDL. High concentrations of HDL - cholesterol are associated with high all-cause mortality in men and women.Improvement of HDL function without necessarily raising HDL-C
Electrolyte abnormalities in cardiovascular emergencies are widely studied worldwide as they are mostly found to be associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to compare the serum sodium. potassium,calcium and magnesium concentrations of normal healthy individuals with first time diagnosed patients of valvular heart disease and myocardial infarction as well as to evaluate the prognostic value in the severity and outcome of valvular heart disease and myocardial infarction.Following biochemical tests, the mean serum sodium concentrations in both valvular heart disease and myocardial infarction patients were signifi cantly (p ˂ 0.05) higher than normal healthy persons. The mean potassium and calcium concentrations in valvular heart disease and myocardial patients were signifi cantly (p ˂ 0.05) high and low respectively when compared with normal healthy individuals. In comparison to normal healthy persons, respective groups of valvular heart disease and myocardial infarction patients showed a non-signifi cant (p = 0.6123) and a signifi cant (p ˂ 0.05) reduction in mean serum magnesium concentrations. Moreover, comparative analysis of mean serum electrolytes among valvular heart disease and myocardial infarction patients showed a signifi cant low sodium, high potassium, calcium and magnesium concentrations in contrast to signifi cant high sodium, low potassium, calcium and magnesium concentrations respectively.
The study to measure the level of serum annexin V in patients with renal hype...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT : Renovascular hypertension reflects the causal relation between anatomically evident arterial occlusive disease and elevated blood pressure. The coexistence of renal arterial vascular disease and hypertension roughly defines this type of nonessential hypertension. The aim of this study was to measure the level of serum Anti-Annexin V antibodies in patients with renal hypertension. Methods. This study was conducted on 115 patients, diagnosed with renal hypertension and hypertension. Informed consents were obtained from the patients and the study was approved by the Kharkiv National Medical University ethics committee. Ten healthy age and sex matched volunteers were included as a control group. All patients and controls were subjected to the following full history taking and thorough clinical examination. Routine laboratory testing included a complete blood count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and kidney function tests (blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine). Immunological tests for antinuclear antibody (ANA) and anticentromere antibodies (ACA) was performed by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. AntiScl-70 (anti-topoisomerase antibodies) and anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA: IgG and IgM) were tested using the ELISA technique. The anti-annexin V antibodies titre used the ZYMUTEST anti-Annexin IgG ELISA kit. [Hyphen-BioMed, France.]: to measure the IgG isotype of auto-antibodies to annexin V in human serum. Results. Anti-annexin V antibodies were present in 75% of patients (mean 83.46 ± 22.44 AU/mL) vs. 0% in the controls (mean 3.94 ± 4.5 AU/mL). Comparison between patients and controls as regards levels of anti-annexin V showed a highly significant difference (P < 0.001). Furthermore, correlation of anti-annexin V titres with the disease activity score in the patient group showed a statistically significant positive correlation (r = 0.51, P < 0.05).In addition, the anti-annexin V antibody titres in this study showed a highly significant positive correlation with ACL antibodies (r = 0.74, P < 0.001). Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) have been known to have a higher frequency of anti-annexin V antibodies, and thrombotic events have been reported more frequently in patients with positive anti-annexin V antibodies. Furthermore, inhibition of annexin V binding to negatively charged phospholipids may be an additional pathogenic mechanism of APS.
Prospective Cohort Study for Cardiovascular Intervention Medical research- Pu...Pubrica
Cohort studies are the analytical design of observational studies that are epidemiologically used to identify and quantify the relationship between exposure and outcome
This article will provide knowledge about Designing A Prospective Cohort Study For Cardiovascular Intervention
Learn More: https://bit.ly/2NOP5ZX
Contact us:
Web: https://pubrica.com/
Blog: https://pubrica.com/academy/
Email: sales@pubrica.com
WhatsApp : +91 9884350006
United Kingdom : +44-1143520021
Hypertension is a silent, invisible killer that rarely causes symptoms. Increasing public awareness is key, as is access .Raised blood pressure is a warning sign that significant lifestyle changes are urgently needed. People need to know why raised blood pressure is dangerous, and how to take steps to control it.
Hemorheological indexes, living habits, medical history and genetics factor are primary risk factors in Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). In the present study the relation of all factors to the severity of CHD was examined. The data of 282 patients (mean age: 60±9 years) diagnosed with CHD and 229 healthy controls (mean age: 59±7 years) from Wenzhou Medical University were analyzed.
Background: Anemia is a common Feature of chronic kidney disease, but the management of anemia in children is complex. Erythropoietin and Supplemental iron are used to maintain hemoglobin levels. The aim of this study to determine the Frequency of anemia and possible Risk Factors Among children with End stage renal disease.
Methods: A total of 96 children, 61males (63.5%) and 35 Females (36.5%), were attended at hemodialysis units in Khartoum state were enrolled in the study and Frequency of anemia was estimated by analyzing CBC on blood counter (sysmex). The concentration of iron profile, C-reactive protein and parathyroid hormone was measured using COBAS INTEGRA 400 PLUS and COBAS E411.
Results: 99% of children were anemic, 4.17% of them were suffering from iron deficiency anemia and there are other causes contributing to anemia in ESRD patients which are inflammation and hyperparathyroidism.
Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in children on hemodialysis in Sudan appears to be higher than that reported in other studies despite extensive use of rHuEPO and iron supplementation.
ASH13 Scott Hall and Robb Wolf — Evaluation of the Impact of a Paleolithic Di...Ancestral Health Society
Traditional cardiovascular risk factors including cholesterol may not provide the best tools for predicting individuals at risk for future cardiovascular disease and current insulin resistance. Novel and emerging evaluations of lipoproteins may provide a more accurate assessment of future cardiovascular risk. In an observational study of a small group of law enforcement officers, we studied the changes in both traditional and nontraditional risk factors when instructed in a “paleo” diet over 6 months. Overall, we found an encouraging impact on both traditional and nontraditional risk factors over the course of the study. It is proposed that a “paleo” diet supplemented with exercise has a positive effect on cardiovascular risk factors and may be a treatment recommendation for individuals at risk.
Albuminuria has been recognized as a marker for prognosis of renal and cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients. Role of microalbuminuria in cardiac disease and nephropathy has not been surveyed in Pakistani population and its foretelling importance in diabetic individuals is undetermined. In this study we examined the relation between microalbuminuria, HbA1c and serum albumin levels in association with diabetes in population of Pakistan based on equal number of male and female subjects with and without prevalent baseline diabetes. We found that increased levels of micro albuminuria are associated with cardiovascular disease, HbA1c with nephropathy and serum albumin with cardiovascular disease, nephropathy and hypertension in the diabetic patient.
HDL-cholesterol concentrations are inversely associated with CVD.When we consider cardiovascular mortality in women in terms of HDL.Causes of low HDL cholesterol.Lipoprotein subfractions suffer a shift after menopause towards a more atherogenic lipid profile.associations of HDL-C and HDL-P with cIMT and CHD.MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of therosclerosis. Functional Versus Dysfunctional HDL. High concentrations of HDL - cholesterol are associated with high all-cause mortality in men and women.Improvement of HDL function without necessarily raising HDL-C
Electrolyte abnormalities in cardiovascular emergencies are widely studied worldwide as they are mostly found to be associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to compare the serum sodium. potassium,calcium and magnesium concentrations of normal healthy individuals with first time diagnosed patients of valvular heart disease and myocardial infarction as well as to evaluate the prognostic value in the severity and outcome of valvular heart disease and myocardial infarction.Following biochemical tests, the mean serum sodium concentrations in both valvular heart disease and myocardial infarction patients were signifi cantly (p ˂ 0.05) higher than normal healthy persons. The mean potassium and calcium concentrations in valvular heart disease and myocardial patients were signifi cantly (p ˂ 0.05) high and low respectively when compared with normal healthy individuals. In comparison to normal healthy persons, respective groups of valvular heart disease and myocardial infarction patients showed a non-signifi cant (p = 0.6123) and a signifi cant (p ˂ 0.05) reduction in mean serum magnesium concentrations. Moreover, comparative analysis of mean serum electrolytes among valvular heart disease and myocardial infarction patients showed a signifi cant low sodium, high potassium, calcium and magnesium concentrations in contrast to signifi cant high sodium, low potassium, calcium and magnesium concentrations respectively.
The study to measure the level of serum annexin V in patients with renal hype...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT : Renovascular hypertension reflects the causal relation between anatomically evident arterial occlusive disease and elevated blood pressure. The coexistence of renal arterial vascular disease and hypertension roughly defines this type of nonessential hypertension. The aim of this study was to measure the level of serum Anti-Annexin V antibodies in patients with renal hypertension. Methods. This study was conducted on 115 patients, diagnosed with renal hypertension and hypertension. Informed consents were obtained from the patients and the study was approved by the Kharkiv National Medical University ethics committee. Ten healthy age and sex matched volunteers were included as a control group. All patients and controls were subjected to the following full history taking and thorough clinical examination. Routine laboratory testing included a complete blood count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and kidney function tests (blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine). Immunological tests for antinuclear antibody (ANA) and anticentromere antibodies (ACA) was performed by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. AntiScl-70 (anti-topoisomerase antibodies) and anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA: IgG and IgM) were tested using the ELISA technique. The anti-annexin V antibodies titre used the ZYMUTEST anti-Annexin IgG ELISA kit. [Hyphen-BioMed, France.]: to measure the IgG isotype of auto-antibodies to annexin V in human serum. Results. Anti-annexin V antibodies were present in 75% of patients (mean 83.46 ± 22.44 AU/mL) vs. 0% in the controls (mean 3.94 ± 4.5 AU/mL). Comparison between patients and controls as regards levels of anti-annexin V showed a highly significant difference (P < 0.001). Furthermore, correlation of anti-annexin V titres with the disease activity score in the patient group showed a statistically significant positive correlation (r = 0.51, P < 0.05).In addition, the anti-annexin V antibody titres in this study showed a highly significant positive correlation with ACL antibodies (r = 0.74, P < 0.001). Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) have been known to have a higher frequency of anti-annexin V antibodies, and thrombotic events have been reported more frequently in patients with positive anti-annexin V antibodies. Furthermore, inhibition of annexin V binding to negatively charged phospholipids may be an additional pathogenic mechanism of APS.
Prospective Cohort Study for Cardiovascular Intervention Medical research- Pu...Pubrica
Cohort studies are the analytical design of observational studies that are epidemiologically used to identify and quantify the relationship between exposure and outcome
This article will provide knowledge about Designing A Prospective Cohort Study For Cardiovascular Intervention
Learn More: https://bit.ly/2NOP5ZX
Contact us:
Web: https://pubrica.com/
Blog: https://pubrica.com/academy/
Email: sales@pubrica.com
WhatsApp : +91 9884350006
United Kingdom : +44-1143520021
Hypertension is a silent, invisible killer that rarely causes symptoms. Increasing public awareness is key, as is access .Raised blood pressure is a warning sign that significant lifestyle changes are urgently needed. People need to know why raised blood pressure is dangerous, and how to take steps to control it.
Hemorheological indexes, living habits, medical history and genetics factor are primary risk factors in Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). In the present study the relation of all factors to the severity of CHD was examined. The data of 282 patients (mean age: 60±9 years) diagnosed with CHD and 229 healthy controls (mean age: 59±7 years) from Wenzhou Medical University were analyzed.
Background: Anemia is a common Feature of chronic kidney disease, but the management of anemia in children is complex. Erythropoietin and Supplemental iron are used to maintain hemoglobin levels. The aim of this study to determine the Frequency of anemia and possible Risk Factors Among children with End stage renal disease.
Methods: A total of 96 children, 61males (63.5%) and 35 Females (36.5%), were attended at hemodialysis units in Khartoum state were enrolled in the study and Frequency of anemia was estimated by analyzing CBC on blood counter (sysmex). The concentration of iron profile, C-reactive protein and parathyroid hormone was measured using COBAS INTEGRA 400 PLUS and COBAS E411.
Results: 99% of children were anemic, 4.17% of them were suffering from iron deficiency anemia and there are other causes contributing to anemia in ESRD patients which are inflammation and hyperparathyroidism.
Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in children on hemodialysis in Sudan appears to be higher than that reported in other studies despite extensive use of rHuEPO and iron supplementation.
ASH13 Scott Hall and Robb Wolf — Evaluation of the Impact of a Paleolithic Di...Ancestral Health Society
Traditional cardiovascular risk factors including cholesterol may not provide the best tools for predicting individuals at risk for future cardiovascular disease and current insulin resistance. Novel and emerging evaluations of lipoproteins may provide a more accurate assessment of future cardiovascular risk. In an observational study of a small group of law enforcement officers, we studied the changes in both traditional and nontraditional risk factors when instructed in a “paleo” diet over 6 months. Overall, we found an encouraging impact on both traditional and nontraditional risk factors over the course of the study. It is proposed that a “paleo” diet supplemented with exercise has a positive effect on cardiovascular risk factors and may be a treatment recommendation for individuals at risk.
Albuminuria has been recognized as a marker for prognosis of renal and cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients. Role of microalbuminuria in cardiac disease and nephropathy has not been surveyed in Pakistani population and its foretelling importance in diabetic individuals is undetermined. In this study we examined the relation between microalbuminuria, HbA1c and serum albumin levels in association with diabetes in population of Pakistan based on equal number of male and female subjects with and without prevalent baseline diabetes. We found that increased levels of micro albuminuria are associated with cardiovascular disease, HbA1c with nephropathy and serum albumin with cardiovascular disease, nephropathy and hypertension in the diabetic patient.
Papua New Guinea has about seven active mining and exploration activities for minerals like gold, copper, and other minor minerals. Each is managed by different company and
together employs about ten thousand workers. A fifth of this would be foreign workers. Most of the Mine workers that are screened at the Employees Health and Wellness clinics tend to
have similar compounding health risks
Incidence Of Micro-Albuminura In Diabetes Mellitus Type 2; A Prospective Stud...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay
Background and Aim: Many studies have found association between Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) values and hypertension, dipping pattern, and end-organ damage. RDW values are affected by blood vitamin B12, iron, and folic acid levels, parameters that were not assessed in the previous studies. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relation between RDW and hypertension, dipper pattern, and end-organ damage independently from vitamin B12, folic acid, and ferritin levels in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients.
Potential role of uric acid in correlation with epidemics of hypertension and...Apollo Hospitals
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a microvascular complication of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Uric acid (UA) is the end product of purine nucleotide metabolism and its primary mode of clearance is by renal excretion. Modifiable factors such as blood pressure, albuminuria, glycemic control, etc., play an important role in the progression of DN and none of them are curative. Hence, there is a pressing interest to identify other potentially modifiable factors such as UA in the progression of DN.
Hypertension is a major public health problem and important area of research due to its high prevalence and being major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and other complications. Objectives 1. To assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors and 2. to estimate awareness, treatment, and adequacy of control of hypertension among study subjects. According to the Joint National Committee 7 JNC7 , normal blood pressure is a systolic BP 120 mmHg and diastolic BP 80 mm Hg. Hypertension is defined as systolic BP level of =140 mmHg and or diastolic BP level = 90 mmHg. A number of factors increase BP, including 1 obesity, 2 insulin resistance, 3 high alcohol intake, 4 high salt intake in salt sensitive patients , 5 aging and perhaps 6 sedentary lifestyle, 7 stress, 8 low potassium intake, and 9 low calcium intake. Shweta Pawar | Sujit Kakde | Ashok Bhosale "A Review: Hypertension" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42416.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/other/42416/a-review-hypertension/shweta-pawar
Background; Myocardial Infarction (MI) is a term which is used for defining the necrosis in the heart muscle due to the lack of the oxygen need of myocardium which cannot be supplied by the coronaries. Aim: This study was carried out to determine the effects of some lifestyle and anthropometric parameters on some cardiac enzymes. Methods: A total of 146 students of sex, age bracket, (16 - 30) were recruited for this study. Enzymatic methods were used in the determination of AST, ALT, CKMB activities. Anthropometric measurements of the participants were taken. The result showed that there was significant increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP), weight and height (p<0.05), but there was no significant increase in their diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and body mass index (BMI) (p>0.05) in the serum ALT, AST, and CKMB activities. However, there was significant difference in ALT and AST activities (P<0.05) but there was no significant difference in serum CKMB activity (P>0.05). Statistically the percentage of the participants that had their serum ALT activity above the reference range were 16.6%, those within the reference range were 83.4%,. In serum AST activity, the percentage above the reference range were 19.9%, those within the reference range were 80.1%. Meanwhile, in serum CK-MB activity, those above the reference range were 25.2% while those within the reference range were 74.8%. Conclusion: This could be probably indicate that the leakage of AST and ALT activities may be of hepatic origin. . The non-significant increase in CKMB which is a specific marker of myocardial injury, could suggest that the subjects were not at risk of developing of myocardial infarction as regards their age.
Serum Procalcitonin as a marker of infection in chronic kidney disease patien...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
diabetes Orientation Talk The dealing with diabetic complications pptxGovindRankawat1
When and how to screen Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) And what is the role of Urine Albumin Creatinine Ratio (UACR)
All patients with type 2 diabetes must be screened for diabetic nephropathy at the time of diagnosis.
Patients with type 1 diabetes should be screened five years after diagnosis and at puberty. If the initial test reveals negative result then the test has to be repeated annually for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Early Diabetic kidney disease expressed as Microalbuminuria (if urinary albumin excretion is 30 - 300 mg/24 h.
Random urine samples should be used and the results of albumin measurement in spot collection may be expressed as urinary albumin concentration (mg/dL) or as urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (mg/g or mg/mmol).
This method is often found to be the easiest to carry out in an office setting, generally provides accurate information, and is therefore preferred;
Similar to Prevalence and Risk Factors of Microalbuminuria in Hypertensive Patients of Tertiary Care Hospital (20)
Background: Cancer is a disease caused when cells divide uncontrollably and spread into the surrounding tissue. Changes to DNA cause cancer. It is one of the most common and largest killer diseases in the world. It usually affects physically, and the disease can alter one’s perspective on life and personality. Many treatment options are there to treat cancer. Among them, chemotherapy treatment may have more side effects like lethargy, esophagitis, nausea, vomiting, Fatigue, and insomnia, the most common problems among chemotherapy patients in India. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a sample size of 60, out of which 30 subjects were in the experimental group and 30 were in the control group. A convenient sampling method was used to select the subjects. A structured questionnaire tool was used to collect the data. Result: The result of the study showed that, during pre-test in the study group, among 30 subjects 3(10%) had moderate Fatigue, 22(73.33%) had severe Fatigue, 5(16.67%) had worst Fatigue and 12(40%) had moderate insomnia, 18(60%) had severe insomnia and in control group among 30 subjects, 6(20%) had moderate Fatigue, 13(43.33%) had severe Fatigue, 11(36.67%) had a worst fatigue, and 14(46.67%) had moderate insomnia, 16(53.33%) had severe insomnia. With post-test, in experimental group, 14(46.67%) had no fatigue, 16(53.33%) had mild fatigue, 14(46.67%) had no insomnia, 16(53.33%) had mild insomnia, and in control group, 6(20%) had moderate fatigue, 13(43.33%) had extreme fatigue, 11(36.67%) had worst fatigue, and 14(46.67%) had moderate insomnia, 16(53.33%) had severe insomnia. Conclusion: The study concluded that clients who were receiving chemotherapy had fatigue and insomnia problems. The Warm water foot bath therapy is very effective in clients undergoing chemotherapy in reducing Fatigue and insomnia. A positive correlation between pre-test and post-test was found by using the Mann-Whitney test.
Key-words: Cancer, Chemotherapy, Foot bath, Health, Warm water
Background: Alcohol has long been a global social and medical issue. According to W.H.O report. Total 3.3 million people die from
alcohol abuse annually. Alcoholic liver disease (A.L.D.) ranges from steatosis to liver cirrhosis. Chronic heavy drinkers get hepatitis
or cirrhosis 15 20% of the time
Methods: This study was c onducted in the general medicine inpatient department at PGIMER & C . in Bhubaneswar, Odisha,
Indi a. All hospitali z ed patients with liver illness who had previously t aken alcohol were screened. Each patient's alcohol
consumption, including native alcoholic beverages, was recorded. To support the diagnosis, all standard and extra examination s
were carri ed out. The modified Kuppuswamy scale was used to determine s s ocioeconomic class.
Results: The study comprised 186 participants with a median age of 46. The gender ratio was 3:1, with 139 (74.7%) men. Urban
populations have a greater prevalence of alcohol ic liver disease (60.75%) than rural populations (39.24%). The l ower
s ocioeconomic c lass (50.53%) has the highest rate of alcoholic liver disease. Men drink more (>700 gm/wk) and married people
drink more. A woman who drinks 140 280 grams per week for 10 1 5 years is more likely to develop alcoholic liver disease than a
man who drinks >700 grams per week for 15 years.
Conclusions: In this study, we conclude d that the prevalence of A .L. about S .E. is of utmost importance in developing
population based st r ategies that effectively educate individuals on the need to modify their drinking habits. This is crucial to
mitigate the occurrence of alcohol consumption and its associated repercussions.
Key-words: Socioeconomic status, Hospitalized Patients, Alcoholic Liver Disease
Background: One of the most common disorders in this age group, abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), is the primary cause of most gynaecological problems in adolescents. Unfortunately, epidemiological data on AUB in teenagers is scarce, especially in the Indian subcontinent. The PALM-COEIN classification, where PALM stands for structural reasons and COEIN for functional causes, was employed in this single-center prospective observational study to evaluate the relative contributions of several etiological factors in AUB. To comprehend the etiological, dermographic, and therapeutic factors affecting menorrhagia in patients going through adolescence. Methods: Enrollment for females with AUB between 10 and 19 occurred between January and December 2022. A thorough history, physical examination, and laboratory evaluation, which in every case comprised standard testing, hormone analysis, and abdominal and pelvic ultrasonography were used to determine the cause of AUB. MRIs and CT scans were performed when needed. Results: There were 190 patients enrolled in total. Functional factors comprised the predominant aetiology of AUB among adolescent females: Adenomyosis=01 (0.52%), Polyp=1 (0.52%). Coagulopathy=2 (1.05%), Leomyoma=01 (0.52%), Malignancy=1 (0.52%), and PALM=4 (2.11%). COEIN=186 (97.89%), ovulation disorder=175 (92.15%), endometrial=01 (0.52%), iatrogenic=6 (3.15%), non-specified=2 (1.05%), and iatrogenic=6 (3.15%). Conclusion: The most frequent cause of AUB in the adolescent population is ovulatory abnormalities. Even though they are extremely rare, structural factors must be ruled out. A helpful technique for evaluating patients with AUB systematically is the PALM-COEIN classification.
Key-words: PALM-COEIN, Leiomyoma, AUB, Polycystic ovarian syndrome, Hormonal therapy
Derived from the bacterium Proteus vulgaris , chondroitin ABC lyase is an enzyme that can be used in treating proteoglycans that
affect neural activity (communication, plasticity). Chondroitinase can be used for vision abnormalities and spinal injuries. The
biological activity of chondroitinase is due to its ability to act on chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) which are required for
normal functioning. Th is study aim s to examine various types and routes of administration of Chondr oitina se e n zymes. There is an
increasing application of chondro itin sulfate proteoglycans in spinal cord injury, vit reous attachment, and the management of
various carcinogenic conditions. Research must be done to create an effective chondroitinase delivery mech anism so that the
pharmacological activity seen in vitro and in preclinical research may be applied in the clinic. More studies are required to widen
the application of chondroitinase in therapeutics. In this review, chondroitinase ABC, B, and C are all di scuss ed. T he routes of
administration like caudal or ros tral, intracerebroventricular, hydrogels, and intrath ecal have been detailed. The current review
article highlights the different medical uses for chondroitinase, drug delivery methods for the enzym e, and chondroitinase
dispersion across bacteria. In conclusion, this study can reduce the chance of edema by the intracerebroventric ular route.
However, it is not effective for people due to the gyrencephalic anatomy of brain
Key-words: Chondroitinase, Chondroitin, Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans, Spinal Injuries, Ocular Abnormalities, Proteoglycans
Background: Maturing is a widespread peculiarity. Advanced age is not in itself a sickness however is an ordinary piece of human existence length. A guardian, like wise called a career, home wellbeing assistant or individual consideration assistant, is the individual answerable for furnishing their clients with day-to-day private consideration and help with exercises. Methods: Exploration approach: unmistakable methodology research plan: graphic study research plan. The setting of the review: provincial areas of Bagalkot region. Information assortment strategy: organized polls test. The example was chosen by an arbitrary inspecting procedure. The analyst arbitrarily chose Shirur town as a provincial setting and was chosen for enrolment of subjects. Results: The information score of guardians was 41.06%, with mean and SD of 12.32±3.925. These discoveries uncover those guardians had normal information for advanced-age medical conditions. The mentality score of guardians was 73.73%, with a mean and SD of 110.6±11.008. These discoveries uncovers that parental figures have concur capable demeanour in regards to the advanced age medical conditions. Conclusion: At last, a critical co-connection between the information and demeanour at 0.001 the discoveries uncovers that there is a moderate positive relationship between the information and disposition of the advanced age medical issues.
Key-words: Assess, Care Giver, Health Problems, Knowledge, Old Age
Background: Adolescent is one of the most rapid phases of human development. Anemia is a deficiency in the number of RBC in your body. RBC carry oxygen around your body using a particular protein called hemoglobin. Normal hemoglobin level in adolescent girls 13-15 g/dl. According to WHO, the hemoglobin level 10- 11.9 g/dl is considered mild anemia, 7-9 g/dl is considered moderate, and less than 7 g/dl is called severe anemia. Methods: The present study is pre-experimental among 60 adolescent girls, using a disproportional stratified random technique. One experimental group of clients was selected without randomization and no control group was used. The data was collected by using the structured close-ended knowledge questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics regarding mean, frequency distribution, percentage, paired table t-test and chi-square test. Results: The overall findings reveal that the post-test knowledge mean score 26.24% with SD±5.94, which was 72% of the total score was more when compared to the pre-test knowledge mean score 12.98 with SD 5.94, which was 36.83% of total score. The calculated t-value of 24.91 was much higher than the table t-value 1.96 for the hypothesis. Conclusion: The study provides that VATP on knowledge regarding the preparation and use of moringa juice in managing anemia among adolescent girls was the scientific, logical and cost-effective strategy.
Key-words: Adolescent girls, Knowledge, VATP, Effectiveness, Socio-demographic variables.
Background: The research demonstrates that water birth comports and loosens mothers actually and intellectually. The buoyance lessens body weight and permits free development and situating to the mother. Buoyance and warm water upgrade uterine withdrawal and better blood flow, which builds uterine muscles' oxygenation, diminishes the mother's torment and increases maternal oxygenation of the child. Submersion of water assists with decreasing circulatory strain and additionally gives security, which hinders uneasiness or dread. Methods: The current review pre-trial study with 50, 4th-year B.Sc. Nursing is chosen through basic arbitrary methods. One gathering pre-test without control bunch configuration was utilized. Information was gathered through a self-directed, organized, shut, finished information survey. Data was examined by involving distinct and inferential measurements concerning mean rate by conveyance, matched "t" test, and Chi-square test for affiliation. Results: The pre-test reveals that out of 50 BSc 4th-year nursing students, the highest pre-test (62%) of BSc 4th-year nursing students had poor knowledge. Overall, the post-test knowledge score (22.6±4.19), 70.62% of the total score, was more than the pre-test knowledge score (8.76±3.95), 23.3%. The effectiveness of the assisted teaching programme, in this area, the mean knowledge score was 13.84 with SD±0.24, which was 43.25% of the total score. Hence, it indicates that the video-assisted teaching program effectively enhanced the knowledge of BSc 4th-year nursing students. Conclusion: This study concluded that video-assisted teaching programmes on knowledge regarding waterbirth among B.Sc 4th year Nursing students was the scientific, logical and cost-effective strategy.
Key-words: Effectiveness, Fourth year B.Sc. Nursing students, Knowledge, VATP, Water birth
Background: Post-menopausal women experience many physical, emotional, and mental symptoms during the post-menopausal period, and reflexology has grown into a complex therapeutic modality and has a range of effects. Reflexology will help put hormones back into a normal state and act like a process of emotional cleansing, relieving stress and restoring harmony to the body and soul. Hence, foot reflexology seems to be effective in treating post-menopausal symptoms. Methods: In the present study, pre-experimental i.e. one group pretest-posttest design, was adopted. The study was conducted on 30 post-menopausal women to assess their knowledge regarding foot reflexology. Samples were selected by using a convenient sampling technique. Data was collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean percentage of the pre-test score was 28%, and the post-test score was 76.65%. The mean and the standard deviation of the pre-test score were 5.60±1.71, and the mean and the standard deviation of the post-test score were 15.33±1.15. The total mean and standard deviation are 9.73±2.07 by comparing the pre-test and post-test scores. Hence, it was found that there is a significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of post-menopausal women regarding foot reflexology. No significant association was found between post-test knowledge scores and socio-demographic variables on foot reflexology. Conclusion: The study concluded that a planned teaching program on knowledge regarding foot reflexology for post-menopausal women was a scientific, logical, and cost-effective strategy to reduce post-menopausal symptoms.
Key-words: Effectiveness, Foot reflexology, Post-menopausal women, Planned teaching program, Socio-demographic variables
Background: A 51-year-old woman had left lower abdomen pain for 18 hours with nausea and vomiting. Prior CT scans suggested pelvic neoplasms. Our hospital's emergency CT showed an enlarged uterus with cystic shadows, right adnexal cysts, and stomach fluid. Physical examination revealed left lower abdomen discomfort. A gynaecological examination revealed a painful, firm pelvic mass of 151210 cm. Further diagnosis is underway. Method: The patient underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy, discovering a twisted, swollen left ovary with a 540° rotation, classified as a benign cyst. It was found that the patient had congenital upper vaginal atresia and bilateral initial uteri. Pain was reduced after surgery, thanks to symptomatic treatment. An abnormal karyotype of 46, XX,1qh+ was found during genetic testing. Result: Fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina develop from the embryonic accessory mesonephric duct. MRKH syndrome is caused by bilateral accessory mesonephric duct dysplasia and disappearance of the uterus or vagina. MRKH has three types, with Type 1 lacking uterus or vagina. Due to ovarian cyst torsion, this Type 1 MRKH with double initial uterus and upper vaginal atresia needed left adnexa resection. Genetic testing showed a typical female karyotype. MRKH's complex aetiology incorporates chromosomal abnormalities, emphasizing early cytogenetic evaluation for personalized treatment and fertility assistance. Conclusion: Early cytogenetic testing for MRKH syndrome patients is crucial for determining the underlying cause and guiding personalized treatment plans to restore reproductive function and improve quality of life.
Key-words: Double primordial uterus; MRKH syndrome; Upper vaginal atresia; Torsion of left ovarian cyst pedicle
Background: Cell phones have advanced to the degree of becoming a necessary piece of individuals' lives. Cell phones are utilised for correspondence, diversion, efficiency, interpersonal interaction, and gaming. In addition to supplanting the conventional cells, cell phones have likewise supplanted personal computers and numerous other comparative gadgets. Individuals these days feel indistinguishable from their cell phones. In lined with the rising improvement of innovation and excessive utilisation of cell phones, one of the significant issues that scientists have noticed and are chipping away at is cell phone addiction. Methods: It was a graphic study directed among 100 nursing students aged 19-22 in B.V.V.S. Institute of Nursing Sciences Bagalkot. Information was gathered utilising a structured knowledge questionnaire to survey socio-demographic information. The Stanford Sleepiness Scale (Alertness Test) was utilised to evaluate the classroom alertness of the nursing students and the Cell phone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) was utilised to assess the cell addiction of the nursing students. Results: An association was found between the year of studying and the classroom alertness of students (χ2 =3.9102) p<0.05. There was a significant negative correlation between cell phone addiction and classroom alertness of the nursing students, p<0.05. The r-value obtained was 0.80. Thus, the correlation between the two factors is seen as statistically significant. Conclusion In the wake of acquiring the consequences of the current work the scientist s saw a negati ve relationship between cell
pho ne addiction and the class room alertness of the students.
Key-words: Addiction, Alertness, Cell phone, Classroom, Phone addiction
Background: Chemical changes occur in the epididymis when the testicular sperm grows. When sperm and seminal fluids mix during ejaculation, a substance called semen is formed. The cervical mucus of a fertilized egg screens out the best possible sperm. For infertility, Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) can be necessary. Test sperm that are DNA efficient, normal, and motile using Swim Up. Sperm could be damaged by reactive oxygen species that are produced during centrifugation. All infertility treatments should take these factors into account. Methods: The in vitro fertilization (ICSI) procedure was administered to fifty male patients who were 35 years old or younger and tested positive for normozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and oligozoospermia. After obtaining informed consent, a Swim-Up was performed using both the full semen and a washed pellet. With sperm obtained from both methods, six Metaphase-2 stages of oocytes (MII oocytes) were implanted in each patient. A Tri-gas Bench-top incubator was used to put each injected oocyte in its 37°C setting. Results: The study showed that the age differences were insignificant (p=0.722), but significant variations emerged in sperm concentration before processing (p=1.030) and after (p=1.064). Sperm morphology differences were evident before processing (p=0.004) and after (p=0.002). No significant differences were noted in the number of Day 3 cleavage stage embryos. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is no significant difference between the two techniques regarding sperm washing efficiency.
Key-words: Sperm preparation methods, Swim-up, Centrifugation, ICSI, Fertilization, Day 3 Embryo
Background: The third most common musculoskeletal symptom in orthopaedic clinical practice is a sore shoulder, which can cause significant morbidity. It has been reported that 7–27% of the general population has it, and 36–66% of overhead arm athletes have it. Pathophysiology includes functional, degenerative, and mechanical factors. Most shoulder pain is subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS), often known as ‘shoulder impingement syndrome’. Impingement hypothesis: shoulder joint structures mechanically clash. SAPS accounts for 36–48% of shoulder discomfort. Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, among Eastern Indian outpatients. The study included adult patients (ages 18–75) of both sexes who presented to MKCG Medical College and Hospital's OPD with shoulder pain from December 2020 to November 2022 and were diagnosed with Shoulder Impingement Syndrome (SIS). Thorough histories and clinical exams were done. The Department of Radiology, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, performed conventional shoulder MRIs on the selected participants. Results: Most cases and controls were Type-II (43.3%), followed by Type-I (28.3% and 30%, 29.2% of the total group). The study's least common acromial shape was type-IV, seen in 5% of cases and 10% of controls (7.5% of the sample). Fisher's exact test showed no significant connection between subacromial impingement and acromial shape (p=0.65). With a p-value of 0.045, cases had a significantly greater acromial width (8.12±2.16 mm) than controls (7.51±0.81 mm). Conclusion: Sub-acromial impingement was unrelated to acromion morphology. There was no correlation between acromial morphology and rotator cuff injuries.
Key-words: Shoulder Impingement Syndrome, Acromion Morphology, MRI
Impact of Acceptance and Mindfulness-Based Intervention as an Add-on Treatment for Skin Diseases-Acne, Eczema and Psoriasis
http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/SSR-IIJLS.2020.6.5.2
Seasonal Incidence and Varietal Response of Gram against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) at Talwandi Sabo, Punjab
http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/SSR-IIJLS.2020.6.4.3
More from SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences (20)
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!