This study examined 273 patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to Sohag University Hospital in Egypt. The researchers found:
1) The overall prevalence of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was 73.3% among the patients.
2) Patients with low HDL-C had higher rates of in-hospital mortality (12% vs 11%) and congestive heart failure (18% vs 5.5%) compared to those with satisfactory HDL-C.
3) Low HDL-C was more common in women and was associated with insignificantly higher in-hospital mortality and congestive heart failure in women, but not in men.
Electrolyte abnormalities in cardiovascular emergencies are widely studied worldwide as they are mostly found to be associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to compare the serum sodium. potassium,calcium and magnesium concentrations of normal healthy individuals with first time diagnosed patients of valvular heart disease and myocardial infarction as well as to evaluate the prognostic value in the severity and outcome of valvular heart disease and myocardial infarction.Following biochemical tests, the mean serum sodium concentrations in both valvular heart disease and myocardial infarction patients were signifi cantly (p ˂ 0.05) higher than normal healthy persons. The mean potassium and calcium concentrations in valvular heart disease and myocardial patients were signifi cantly (p ˂ 0.05) high and low respectively when compared with normal healthy individuals. In comparison to normal healthy persons, respective groups of valvular heart disease and myocardial infarction patients showed a non-signifi cant (p = 0.6123) and a signifi cant (p ˂ 0.05) reduction in mean serum magnesium concentrations. Moreover, comparative analysis of mean serum electrolytes among valvular heart disease and myocardial infarction patients showed a signifi cant low sodium, high potassium, calcium and magnesium concentrations in contrast to signifi cant high sodium, low potassium, calcium and magnesium concentrations respectively.
Electrolyte abnormalities in cardiovascular emergencies are widely studied worldwide as they are mostly found to be associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to compare the serum sodium. potassium,calcium and magnesium concentrations of normal healthy individuals with first time diagnosed patients of valvular heart disease and myocardial infarction as well as to evaluate the prognostic value in the severity and outcome of valvular heart disease and myocardial infarction.Following biochemical tests, the mean serum sodium concentrations in both valvular heart disease and myocardial infarction patients were signifi cantly (p ˂ 0.05) higher than normal healthy persons. The mean potassium and calcium concentrations in valvular heart disease and myocardial patients were signifi cantly (p ˂ 0.05) high and low respectively when compared with normal healthy individuals. In comparison to normal healthy persons, respective groups of valvular heart disease and myocardial infarction patients showed a non-signifi cant (p = 0.6123) and a signifi cant (p ˂ 0.05) reduction in mean serum magnesium concentrations. Moreover, comparative analysis of mean serum electrolytes among valvular heart disease and myocardial infarction patients showed a signifi cant low sodium, high potassium, calcium and magnesium concentrations in contrast to signifi cant high sodium, low potassium, calcium and magnesium concentrations respectively.
HDL-cholesterol concentrations are inversely associated with CVD.When we consider cardiovascular mortality in women in terms of HDL.Causes of low HDL cholesterol.Lipoprotein subfractions suffer a shift after menopause towards a more atherogenic lipid profile.associations of HDL-C and HDL-P with cIMT and CHD.MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of therosclerosis. Functional Versus Dysfunctional HDL. High concentrations of HDL - cholesterol are associated with high all-cause mortality in men and women.Improvement of HDL function without necessarily raising HDL-C
ABSTRACT- In today’s modern lifestyle high blood cholesterol is one of the most dreaded causes of heart diseases among the global population. Fast lifestyle, lack of exercise, obesity and improper food intake all sum up to deranged lipid profile as well as diabetes. Diabetes and high blood cholesterol goes hand in hand which leads to an increased incidence of coronary artery and cardiovascular disorders which still remains as one of the leading causes of mortality overall. In the present study there has been an effort put to draw a correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin which is a marker for level of blood glucose in diabetic patients as well as deranged lipid profile. Blood samples collected in sterile vials were first centrifuged and then put into analyzer for the computation of the lipid profile and the glycosylated hemoglobin. Results computed were made a note of and then prepared for statistical analysis. Results thus obtained showed that females showed significantly higher levels of total serum cholesterol and Non-HDL compared to males other than that their lipid parameters were a little higher than males in general. Diabetic female patients showed a significantly higher level of glycosylated hemoglobin. There was a significant difference in the HDL values of patients in pre diabetic state and worst control of glycemic hemoglobin. There were also significant differences observed in the TGL, TGL/HDL and VLDL values between Diabetic and control patients. In general there were increased correlation of HbA1c with TSC and LDL and the respective ratios as HbA1c increases while LDL/HDL showed a significant increase with HbA1c.
Key-words- Cholesterol, Diabetes mellitus, Lipid profile, HDL, LDL, Lipid ratios
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
This Journal publishes original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in pharmacy.
Dyslipidemia and CVS by Mohit Soni and Chandan KumarOlgaGoryacheva4
My students Mohit Soni and Chandan Kumar had presented this topic in our 22nd Student Scientific Society Conference in the department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases No.2
HDL-cholesterol concentrations are inversely associated with CVD.When we consider cardiovascular mortality in women in terms of HDL.Causes of low HDL cholesterol.Lipoprotein subfractions suffer a shift after menopause towards a more atherogenic lipid profile.associations of HDL-C and HDL-P with cIMT and CHD.MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of therosclerosis. Functional Versus Dysfunctional HDL. High concentrations of HDL - cholesterol are associated with high all-cause mortality in men and women.Improvement of HDL function without necessarily raising HDL-C
ABSTRACT- In today’s modern lifestyle high blood cholesterol is one of the most dreaded causes of heart diseases among the global population. Fast lifestyle, lack of exercise, obesity and improper food intake all sum up to deranged lipid profile as well as diabetes. Diabetes and high blood cholesterol goes hand in hand which leads to an increased incidence of coronary artery and cardiovascular disorders which still remains as one of the leading causes of mortality overall. In the present study there has been an effort put to draw a correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin which is a marker for level of blood glucose in diabetic patients as well as deranged lipid profile. Blood samples collected in sterile vials were first centrifuged and then put into analyzer for the computation of the lipid profile and the glycosylated hemoglobin. Results computed were made a note of and then prepared for statistical analysis. Results thus obtained showed that females showed significantly higher levels of total serum cholesterol and Non-HDL compared to males other than that their lipid parameters were a little higher than males in general. Diabetic female patients showed a significantly higher level of glycosylated hemoglobin. There was a significant difference in the HDL values of patients in pre diabetic state and worst control of glycemic hemoglobin. There were also significant differences observed in the TGL, TGL/HDL and VLDL values between Diabetic and control patients. In general there were increased correlation of HbA1c with TSC and LDL and the respective ratios as HbA1c increases while LDL/HDL showed a significant increase with HbA1c.
Key-words- Cholesterol, Diabetes mellitus, Lipid profile, HDL, LDL, Lipid ratios
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
This Journal publishes original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in pharmacy.
Dyslipidemia and CVS by Mohit Soni and Chandan KumarOlgaGoryacheva4
My students Mohit Soni and Chandan Kumar had presented this topic in our 22nd Student Scientific Society Conference in the department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases No.2
Coronary heart disease is best addressed by a comprehensive approach aimed at halting atherosclerotic disease and reducing the risk of thrombosis. Unfortunately, our success in optimal risk factor modification in patients with stable CHD remains poor: only 41% of patients achieved all basic goals in the recent ISCHEMIA trial, with success rates likely even lower outside the rigorous clinical trial context. A greater focus on achieving prevention goals in patients with CHD will have a substantial impact on patient outcome and rates of hospitalization and more resources and incentives should be allocated for improved secondary prevention.
The ISCHEMIA trial suggests that even selected, high-risk patients with extensive ischemic burden do not benefit from revascularization barring unacceptable angina despite OMT. As ISCHEMIA excluded patients with unacceptable angina, advanced heart failure, and those with unprotected left main disease, our evaluation may be geared to identify such patients for consideration of revascularization alongside an initial strategy of OMT.
Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease of the arterial circulation, with focal areas of more severe manifestation. From an imaging standpoint, the paradigm of ischemia testing may have come to an end. Recent evidence from COURAGE, PROMISE, SCOT-HEART, and ISCHEMIA has demonstrated that functional testing for inducible myocardial ischemia is inferior to anatomic assessment for risk stratifying and managing patients with suspected or known CHD. Consistent with a large body of evidence, risk from CHD is mediated by the extent of atherosclerotic disease burden and not by the extent of inducible ischemia. Given that 55% of patients had nonobstructive CHD by CT in PROMISE, which was associated with 77% of cardiovascular deaths and myocardial infarctions at follow-up, there is immense opportunity to impact the disease at an earlier stage in a very large population of patients with occult CHD.
Risk factors of Acute Coronary Syndrome at Prince Ali Bin Alhussein hospitalMinistry of Health
Objective:The aim of this survey to identify the relationship between ACS and its risk factors and the association between the risks factors themselves. Method: A retrospective study depends on the registered files of the admitted patients to Prince Ali Bin Alhussein hospital with ACS since April 2013 till October of 2013 included 174 patients. Result:The above mentioned data and results show a strong relationship between ACS and the mentioned risk factors. Conclusion: There is a strong relationship between risks factors themselves as D.M and hypertension, and between hypertension with the sex and smoking.There's an association between D.M and the patient's gender
Goal attainments and their discrepancies for low density lipoprotein choleste...Paul Schoenhagen
Purpose: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is primary treatment target for patients with dislipidemia. The apolipoprotein B (apo B), an emerging biomarker for cardiovascular risk prediction, appears to be superior to the LDL-C. However, little is known about goal attainments and their discrepancies for LDL-C and apo B in Chinese patients with known CAD or DM.
Impact of Malnutrition on Lipid Profile in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in...Neeleshkumar Maurya
The present study was carried out to identify the role of malnutrition and its relationship for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients taking hemodialysis. We conducted an analytical study with 100 patients. It was carried out over one-year period, from February 25, 2017 to March 30, 2018. The inclusion criteria were the patients who have been on hemodialysis for at least past three months period and at least more than 18-year-old. All the patients were divided into two groups: first group of patients have both CVD and CKD and other group of patients have only CKD. Patients were subjected to biochemical and anthropometric parameters. Out of hundred patients, about 60 followed the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eight women and 52 men with the age range from 18 to 80 years with 49±10.2years as mean age. We found that higher level of cholesterol, triglyceride, low protein intake and low energy conception in CKD alone patients is directly associated with malnutrition. The association between cholesterol levels and CKD would be altered by the presence of malnutrition. Low level of protein and total energy intake also confirms the presence of malnutrition in CKD patient developed the CVD.
Keywords: Malnutrition, hemodialysis patients, chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular disease (CVD)
1. Journal of Cardiology & Current Research
Study of High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol among
Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in Sohag
University Hospital
Volume 2 Issue 5 - 2015
Nagwa Ibrahim Thabet1
*, Hassan Ahmad
Hassanin2
and Yasser Mohamad Kamal3
1
Assistant Lecturer, Aswan University, Egypt
2
Head of Internal Medicine Department, Sohag University,
Egypt
3
Lecturer of Internal Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt
*Corresponding author: Nagwa Ibrahim Thabet, Assistant
Lecturer, Aswan Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University,
Egypt, Email:
Received: March 6, 2015 | Published: May 05, 2015
Abstract
Objective: To estimate the prevalence, and impact of high-density lipoprotein
cholesterol (HDL-C) on in-hospital outcomes among acute coronary syndrome
(ACS) patients in Sohag University Hospital.
Methods: Data were collected prospectively from 273 consecutive patients
admitted with a diagnosis of ACS. A low HDL-C was defined as a level <40 mg/dL
(1.0 mmol/L) for males and <50 mg/dL (1.3 mmol/L) for females and satisfactory
HDL-C is defined as a level ≥40mg/dl for males and ≥50mg/dl for females.
Results: The overall mean age of the study patients was 58.9_+11.3 years and
majority was males (51.4%). The overall prevalence of low HDL-C was 73.3%
and satisfactory HDL-C was 26.7%. During in-hospital stay and at discharge, the
majority were on statin therapy (83.2%) while 7.7% were on fibrates. Low HDL-C
patients were associated with higher in-hospital mortality than satisfactory
HDL-C patients (12% vs. 11%; p=0.012) and higher CHF (18% vs.5.5%; p=0.01).
Conclusion: ACS patients in Sohag governorate in upper Egypt have a high
prevalence of low HDL-C. Insignificantly higher in-hospital mortality and CHF
were associated with low HDL-C in women but not in men.
Keywords: Lipoportein cholesterol; Coronary syndrome
Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com J Cardiol Curr Res 2015, 2(5): 00073
Abbreviations: ACS: Acute Coronary Syndrome; HDL: High-
Density Lipoprotein; STEMI: ST Segment Elevation Myocardial
Infarction; NSTE-ACS: Non ST Segment Elevation Acute Coronary
Syndrome; CHF: Congestive Heart Failure; PCI: Percutaneous
Coronary Intervention; Gulf RACE: Gulf Registry of Acute Coronary
Events; ACC: American Cardiac College; MI: Myocardial Infarction;
CABG: Coronary Artery Bypass Graft; BMI: Body Mass Index
Introduction
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a high-risk manifestation of
coronary artery disease and represents a substantial proportion
of all acute hospitalizations. Although mortality because of ACS
has declined in recent years Fox KA et al. [1], largely attributable
to optimization of timely reperfusion and innovations in
pharmacological therapy, ischemic heart disease remains a
leading cause of death and accounted for 7.25 million deaths
worldwide in 2008 World Health Organization [2].
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is one of the major carriers of
cholesterol in the blood. It attracts particular attention because, in
contrast with other lipoproteins, as many physiological functions
of HDL influence the cardiovascular system in favorable ways
unless HDL is modified pathologically. The functions of HDL
that have recently attracted attention include anti-inflammatory
and anti-oxidant activities. High anti-oxidant and anti-
inflammatory activities of HDL are associated with protection
from cardiovascular disease Kontush A et al. [3]. High-density
lipoprotein (HDL) is positively associated with decreased risk
of coronary heart disease (CHD) As defined by the US National
Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III
guidelines, an HDL cholesterol level (HDL-C) of 60 mg/dL or
greater is a negative (protective) risk factor Executive Summary of
the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program
(NCEP) [4]. On the other hand, a high-risk HDL cholesterol
level is described as one that is below 40 mg/dL. Randomized,
controlled clinical trials have demonstrated that interventions
to raise HDL cholesterol levels are associated with reduced CHD
events. A prospective analysis by Mora et al. [5] investigated the
link between cholesterol and cardiovascular events in women
and found baseline HDL-C level was consistently and inversely
associated with incident coronary and coronary vascular disease
events across a range of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol
(LDL-C) values [5]. While higher HDL levels are correlated with
cardiovascular health, no incremental increase in HDL has been
proven to improve health. In other words, while high HDL levels
might correlate with better cardiovascular health, specifically
increasing one’s HDL might not increase cardiovascular health
Soudijn W [6].
Data from the landmark Framingham Heart Study showed that,
for a given level of LDL, the risk of heart disease increases 10-fold
as the HDL varies from high to low. On the converse, however, for a
fixed level of HDL, the risk increases 3-fold as LDL varies from low
to high Meyers et al. [7]. Even people with very low LDL levels are
exposed to increased risk if their HDL levels are not high enough.
When is treatment indicated for high cholesterol level? [8,9]. HDL
levels below 40 mg/dL result in an increased risk of coronary
artery disease, even in people whose total cholesterol and LDL
cholesterol levels are normal. HDL levels between 40 and 60 mg/
dL are considered “normal’’ Richard NF et al. [10]. However, HDL
Research Article