Non invasive cholesterol measurement- Study
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This document discusses the need for non-invasive cholesterol measurement. It notes that heart attacks and strokes account for 30% of deaths from disease. Cholesterol is one of the key factors contributing to vascular diseases but it is difficult to track without invasive blood tests. A non-invasive cholesterol monitor would allow more frequent monitoring of cholesterol levels, similar to other health metrics like weight, blood pressure, exercise and blood sugar. The document provides information on desirable cholesterol scores and their relationship to heart disease risk and outlines some studies showing correlations between cholesterol levels and ECG measurements as well as cardiac membrane potentials.
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![Introduction:
• Heart Attack and stroke account for 30% of total death due to
diseases[1]. Death
Heart Attack and stroke Various Diseases](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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2. There was no significant effect of aspirin on cancer risk or microvascular outcomes. No differences emerged even with long-term follow-up.
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1) The study assessed lipid profiles and blood glucose levels in patients with cerebral ischemic stroke within 24 hours of onset and compared them to healthy controls.
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Diabetes increases the risk of atherosclerosis and heart disease through metabolic abnormalities like high blood sugar and insulin resistance. These alterations affect the function of endothelial cells, platelets, and smooth muscle cells in the arteries, leading to atherosclerosis and destruction of the arteries. A typical type 2 diabetic patient has equal risk of future heart attack as a past heart attack survivor without any other heart problems. Over 75% of people with diabetes die from coronary atherosclerosis and managing diabetes involves following a healthy diet, regular exercise, medication adherence, and regular blood glucose testing.
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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Microalbuminuria in Hypertensive Patients of T...
International Journal of Nephrology & Therapeutics
International Journal of Nephrology & Therapeutics
What Is Hypertension? Summary, Exercise & Guidelines
What Is Hypertension? Summary, Exercise & Guidelines
Assessment of the Risk of Myocardial Infarction among Undergraduate Students ...
Assessment of the Risk of Myocardial Infarction among Undergraduate Students ...
Cardiovascular Disease prevention - Epidemiology, cardio,healt
Cardiovascular Disease prevention - Epidemiology, cardio,healt
Similar to Non invasive cholesterol measurement- Study
International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR)
High density lipoprotein cholesterol predicts triglycerides level in three distinct phases of blood pressure
CAD.pdf
1. Coronary artery disease (CAD) occurs when there is an imbalance between the oxygen supply and demand of the heart muscle, usually due to atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries.
2. CAD is the leading cause of death worldwide for those over age 20 and prevalence increases with age.
3. Risk factors for CAD include hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle.
4. Treatment involves medication, percutaneous interventions such as stents, and coronary artery bypass grafting depending on the severity and location of blockages.
heartdiseasepptgwenfinal-120621093522-phpapp02 (1).pdf
This document provides an overview of heart disease for a health education class. It defines heart disease and the most common types, including coronary heart disease. Risk factors for heart disease are discussed, including modifiable factors like smoking, obesity, and physical inactivity. Common signs and symptoms and diagnostic tests for heart disease are described. Treatment typically involves medications and lifestyle changes, while prevention focuses on diet, exercise, weight management and cessation of tobacco use.
HPPS: Heart Problem Prediction System using Machine Learning
Heart is the most important organ of a human body. It circulates oxygen and other vital nutrients through blood to different parts of the body and helps in the metabolic activities. Apart from this it also helps in removal of the metabolic wastes. Thus, even minor problems in heart can affect the whole organism. Researchers are diverting a lot of data analysis work for assisting the doctors to predict the heart problem. So, an analysis of the data related to different health problems and its functioning can help in predicting with a certain probability for the wellness of this organ. In this paper we have analysed the different prescribed data of 1094 patients from different parts of India. Using this data, we have built a model which gets trained using this data and tries to predict whether a new out-of-sample data has a probability of having any heart attack or not. This model can help in decision making along with the doctor to treat the patient well and creating a transparency between the doctor and the patient. In the validation set of the data, it’s not only the accuracy that the model has to take care, rather the True Positive Rate and False-Negative Rate along with the AUC-ROC helps in building/fixing the algorithm inside the model.
Living with Hypertension
This document provides information about hypertension (high blood pressure) for nurses caring for patients with the long-term condition. It defines hypertension and normal blood pressure levels. Hypertension has no obvious cause for most people and is a growing problem worldwide. Regular exercise and lifestyle factors can both impact and help control blood pressure. The nurse's role is to understand the condition, its effects on the body, and provide education to patients on self-care strategies to sustain their health.
Hypertension
This document discusses hypertension (high blood pressure). It defines hypertension as a systolic blood pressure above 140 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure above 90 mmHg. The document outlines risk factors for hypertension such as age, family history, obesity, and lack of physical activity. It also discusses signs and symptoms of hypertension as well as complications like heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease if hypertension goes untreated. The document recommends lifestyle modifications like diet, exercise, limiting alcohol and smoking as first-line treatment and notes that medication may be needed if lifestyle changes are not enough to control blood pressure. Common classes of medications discussed are diuretics, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers.
Clinical Study for CholesLo
CholesLo shows clinical significance in
helping reduce plasma cholesterol and
homocysteine levels and therefore affects
favourably the risk of subsequent development
of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, our
findings suggest that the dose required to cause
such improvements in plasma lipid profile is
safe enough to be considered for use in general
population.
ESC/ESH 2018
The document outlines guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension from the 2018 ESC/ESH conference. It discusses definitions of hypertension, recommendations for blood pressure measurement, classifications of hypertension, screening and diagnosis, assessment of hypertension-mediated organ damage, and initiation of blood pressure-lowering treatment. Key points include defining hypertension as a blood pressure over 140/90 mmHg, outlining options for office and out-of-office blood pressure measurement, stratifying cardiovascular risk, and recommending prompt initiation of treatment for grade 2 or 3 hypertension or grade 1 hypertension with high risk or organ damage.
Guias esh 2013
The document provides guidelines from the European Society of Hypertension and the European Society of Cardiology for the management of arterial hypertension. It defines categories of blood pressure levels based on systolic and diastolic measurements in the office. It also stratifies total cardiovascular risk into categories based on blood pressure levels and other risk factors. The guidelines recommend an initial diagnostic evaluation for hypertension that confirms the diagnosis, detects secondary causes, and assesses cardiovascular risk, organ damage, and comorbidities through medical history, examination, and laboratory tests.
Guias esh 2013
The document provides guidelines from the European Society of Hypertension and the European Society of Cardiology on the management of arterial hypertension. It defines blood pressure levels and categories of hypertension. It also outlines strategies for evaluating patients with hypertension, including measuring office and out-of-office blood pressure, performing a medical history and physical exam, and ordering initial laboratory tests and further diagnostic tests as needed to confirm the diagnosis of hypertension, detect secondary causes, and assess cardiovascular risk.
Cardiovascular aessessment
Cardiovascular assessment involves evaluating factors that influence cardiovascular health such as high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension. It should include examining the patient's past medical history, current lifestyle, family history, and performing a physical exam. Laboratory tests such as cardiac enzymes, lipid profile, and imaging studies like ECG, echocardiogram, and cardiac catheterization are used to diagnose cardiovascular conditions. Risk scores can help predict the risk of future cardiovascular events based on multiple risk factors. A thorough cardiovascular assessment is important for identifying risks and managing cardiovascular disease.
What is a Heart Attack
UCSI University Pharmacy students executed their 9th Public Health Campaign in Mambau, Negeri Sembilan. Here are just some of the materials that was part of their exhibition.
Interpretation and Clinical Significance of some Clinical Laboratory Tests - ...
Certainly, clinical laboratory tests play a crucial role in assessing the function and health of various organ systems in the body. Let's discuss the clinical significance of some common laboratory tests for each of the mentioned systems:
1. **Cardiovascular System:**
- **Complete Blood Count (CBC):** Evaluating red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels can help identify anemia, which may contribute to cardiovascular issues.
- **Lipid Profile:** Measures cholesterol levels (LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol), triglycerides, and can help assess the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
2. **Endocrine System:**
- **Thyroid Function Tests (TFTs):** TSH, T3, and T4 levels are assessed to diagnose thyroid disorders. An imbalance in thyroid hormones can affect metabolism and cardiovascular function.
- **Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c):** Monitors long-term glucose control and is essential in managing diabetes, a condition that can impact multiple organ systems, including the cardiovascular and renal systems.
3. **Gastrointestinal System:**
- **Liver Function Tests (LFTs):** Assess the health of the liver by measuring enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP), bilirubin, and proteins. Abnormalities may indicate liver disease or dysfunction.
- **Stool Tests (e.g., fecal occult blood):** Detects blood in the stool, which may indicate gastrointestinal bleeding or conditions such as colorectal cancer.
4. **Hematologic System:**
- **Coagulation Panel (PT, aPTT, INR):** Evaluates the blood's clotting ability. Abnormalities may suggest bleeding disorders or an increased risk of thrombosis.
- **Complete Blood Count (CBC):** Assesses the cellular components of blood, including red and white blood cells and platelets, helping to diagnose anemias, infections, and blood disorders.
5. **Renal System:**
- **Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and Creatinine:** Evaluate kidney function. Elevated levels may indicate impaired renal function, suggesting acute or chronic kidney disease.
- **Urinalysis:** Examines urine for abnormalities such as protein, blood, or glucose, providing insights into kidney and urinary tract health.
6. **Respiratory System:**
- **Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Analysis:** Assesses oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood, helping diagnose respiratory and metabolic disorders.
- **Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs):** Measures lung function, aiding in the diagnosis and monitoring of conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Interpretation of these tests requires a comprehensive understanding of the patient's medical history and clinical presentation. Abnormal results can guide further diagnostic investigations and help healthcare professionals develop appropriate treatment plans. Regular monitoring of these parameters is vital for managing chronic conditions and preventing complications.
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Coronary artery disease is caused by atherosclerosis and is a leading cause of death worldwide. As atherosclerosis progresses, fatty deposits build up in the arteries and restrict blood flow. Over many years, risk factors such as high cholesterol, hypertension, smoking, and obesity can cause plaque to build up and rupture, restricting blood flow. Managing modifiable risk factors through lifestyle changes, medication, and medical treatment can help prevent complications from coronary artery disease.
Heart of the Matter - Ali Ahmad, MD, FACC - Livingston Library - 1.6.2020
Heart disease is the leading killer of adults nationwide and it carries a significant morbidity for the population at risk. Learn about traditional and non-traditional risk factors associated with coronary artery disease, and how to modify your risk and prevent heart disease. Also, learn about how heart disease affects different ethnic backgrounds, particularly the high-risk groups, such as South Asians.
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of at least three of five medical conditions that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. These conditions include increased blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol levels. Metabolic syndrome affects over 47 million Americans and is caused by risk factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, genetics, and age. Managing metabolic syndrome involves making lifestyle changes focused on diet, exercise, and stress reduction as well as medication to treat individual risk factors as needed.
CVD Risk asst Nursing lecture 2023.pdf
1) The lecture discussed cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment for nursing students. CVD is a major cause of death worldwide and in Ethiopia.
2) It reviewed various CVD risk factors and scoring systems to assess individual risk, such as the WHO/ISH charts. Risk factors include age, smoking status, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and diabetes.
3) Prevention strategies were outlined for both primary prevention of high-risk individuals and secondary prevention for those with existing CVD. Lifestyle changes and medications aim to reduce modifiable risk factors and prevent further events.
Lipid management in peripheral artrerial disease .slides
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a manifestation of atherosclerosis associated with high mortality. Lipid-lowering therapy, especially statin drugs, has proven effective in treating PAD patients by reducing cardiovascular risk. Guidelines recommend a target LDL-C level below 100 mg/dL for all PAD patients, and below 70 mg/dL for high-risk patients. Statins provide benefits beyond lipid lowering, including reducing inflammation and improving walking ability in PAD. More intensive statin therapy targeting lower LDL-C levels is associated with better long-term outcomes for PAD patients.
Lipid Profile of Kashmiri Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Lipid Profile of Kashmiri Type 2 Diabetic PatientsInternational Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
This cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Biochemistry, Govt. Medical College Srinagar Kashmir. A total of 120 Kashmiri Type 2 diabetic patients and 30 normal controls were randomly selected. Diabetic dyslipidaemia is characterized by raised triglycerides, low high density lipoprotein and raised low density lipoprotein. Determination of serum lipid levels in people with diabetes is considered a standard of care because detection and treatment of dyslipidaemia is one means of reducing cardiovascular disease risk. The lipid profiles and lipoprotein levels of 120 known diabetic patients were studied. Total cholesterol (TC), Triacylglycerol’s (TG) Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were assayed for each group using standard biochemical methods. Dyslipidaemia was defined using the national cholesterol education programme – adult treatment panel III (NCEP-AT III) criteria. BMI and waist and hip circumferences were measured.
Cardio vascular diseases
This document discusses cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are the leading cause of death worldwide according to the WHO. Some key points:
- CVDs claim over 17 million lives each year, with 85% from heart attacks and strokes. The WHO estimates over 23 million annual deaths by 2030.
- Risk factors for CVDs include tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, obesity, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol.
- Symptoms can include chest pain or pressure, pain in the arms or shoulders, shortness of breath, nausea and fatigue.
- CVD deaths have declined due to better diagnosis, treatment and public health measures like lifestyle changes and preventative drugs. Population-wide strategies
Similar to Non invasive cholesterol measurement- Study (20)
International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR)
International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR)
heartdiseasepptgwenfinal-120621093522-phpapp02 (1).pdf
heartdiseasepptgwenfinal-120621093522-phpapp02 (1).pdf
HPPS: Heart Problem Prediction System using Machine Learning
HPPS: Heart Problem Prediction System using Machine Learning
Interpretation and Clinical Significance of some Clinical Laboratory Tests - ...
Interpretation and Clinical Significance of some Clinical Laboratory Tests - ...
Heart of the Matter - Ali Ahmad, MD, FACC - Livingston Library - 1.6.2020
Heart of the Matter - Ali Ahmad, MD, FACC - Livingston Library - 1.6.2020
Lipid management in peripheral artrerial disease .slides
Lipid management in peripheral artrerial disease .slides
Lipid Profile of Kashmiri Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Lipid Profile of Kashmiri Type 2 Diabetic Patients
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CCSN_June_06 2024_jones. Cancer Rehabpptx
About this webinar: This talk will introduce what cancer rehabilitation is, where it fits into the cancer trajectory, and who can benefit from it. In addition, the current landscape of cancer rehabilitation in Canada will be discussed and the need for advocacy to increase access to this essential component of cancer care.
Top massage center in ajman chandrima Spa
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Unlocking the Secrets to Safe Patient Handling.pdf
Furthermore, the time constraints and workload in healthcare settings can make it challenging for caregivers to prioritise safe patient handling Australia practices, leading to shortcuts and increased risks.
Hypotension and role of physiotherapy in it
This particular slides consist of- what is hypotension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is the summary of hypotension:
Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is when the pressure of blood circulating in the body is lower than normal or expected. It's only a problem if it negatively impacts the body and causes symptoms. Normal blood pressure is usually between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg, but pressures below 90/60 are generally considered hypotensive.
DECODING THE RISKS - ALCOHOL, TOBACCO & DRUGS.pdf
Introduction: Substance use education is crucial due to its prevalence and societal impact.
Alcohol Use: Immediate and long-term risks include impaired judgment, health issues, and social consequences.
Tobacco Use: Immediate effects include increased heart rate, while long-term risks encompass cancer and heart disease.
Drug Use: Risks vary depending on the drug type, including health and psychological implications.
Prevention Strategies: Education, healthy coping mechanisms, community support, and policies are vital in preventing substance use.
Harm Reduction Strategies: Safe use practices, medication-assisted treatment, and naloxone availability aim to reduce harm.
Seeking Help for Addiction: Recognizing signs, available treatments, support systems, and resources are essential for recovery.
Personal Stories: Real stories of recovery emphasize hope and resilience.
Interactive Q&A: Engage the audience and encourage discussion.
Conclusion: Recap key points and emphasize the importance of awareness, prevention, and seeking help.
Resources: Provide contact information and links for further support.
Champions of Health Spotlight On Leaders Shaping Germany's Healthcare.pdf
This edition features a handful of Champions of Health: Spotlight On Leaders Shaping Germany's Healthcare that are leading us into a better future.
LGBTQ+ Adults: Unique Opportunities and Inclusive Approaches to Care
This webinar helps clinicians understand the unique healthcare needs of the LGBTQ+ community, primarily in relation to end-of-life care. Topics include social and cultural background and challenges, healthcare disparities, advanced care planning, and strategies for reaching the community and improving quality of care.
一比一原版(EUR毕业证)鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证如何办理
EUR毕业证offer【微信95270640】《鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证书原版制作EUR成绩单》【Q微信95270640】《仿制EUR毕业证成绩单鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学学位证书pdf电子图》，A.为什么留学生需要操作留信认证?
留信认证全称全国留学生信息服务网认证,隶属于北京中科院。①留信认证门槛条件更低,费用更美丽,并且包过,完单周期短,效率高②留信认证虽然不能去国企,但是一般的公司都没有问题,因为国内很多公司连基本的留学生学历认证都不了解。这对于留学生来说,这就比自己光拿一个证书更有说服力,因为留学学历可以在留信网站上进行查询!
B.为什么我们提供的毕业证成绩单具有使用价值？
查询留服认证是国内鉴别留学生海外学历的唯一途径，但认证只是个体行为，不是所有留学生都操作，所以没有办理认证的留学生的学历在国内也是查询不到的，他们也仅仅只有一张文凭。所以这时候我们提供的和学校颁发的一模一样的毕业证成绩单，就有了使用价值。
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Hypertension and it's role of physiotherapy in it.
This particular slides consist of- what is hypertension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is summary of hypertension -
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a serious medical condition that occurs when blood pressure in the body's arteries is consistently too high. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels as the heart pumps it. Hypertension can increase the risk of heart disease, brain disease, kidney disease, and premature death.
Tips for Pet Care in winters How to take care of pets.
Tips for Pet Care in winters How to take care of pets.
2024 HIPAA Compliance Training Guide to the Compliance Officers
Join us for a comprehensive 90-minute lesson designed specifically for Compliance Officers and Practice/Business Managers. This 2024 HIPAA Training session will guide you through the critical steps needed to ensure your practice is fully prepared for upcoming audits. Key updates and significant changes under the Omnibus Rule will be covered, along with the latest applicable updates for 2024.
Key Areas Covered:
Texting and Email Communication: Understand the compliance requirements for electronic communication.
Encryption Standards: Learn what is necessary and what is overhyped.
Medical Messaging and Voice Data: Ensure secure handling of sensitive information.
IT Risk Factors: Identify and mitigate risks related to your IT infrastructure.
Why Attend:
Expert Instructor: Brian Tuttle, with over 20 years in Health IT and Compliance Consulting, brings invaluable experience and knowledge, including insights from over 1000 risk assessments and direct dealings with Office of Civil Rights HIPAA auditors.
Actionable Insights: Receive practical advice on preparing for audits and avoiding common mistakes.
Clarity on Compliance: Clear up misconceptions and understand the reality of HIPAA regulations.
Ensure your compliance strategy is up-to-date and effective. Enroll now and be prepared for the 2024 HIPAA audits.
Enroll Now to secure your spot in this crucial training session and ensure your HIPAA compliance is robust and audit-ready.
https://conferencepanel.com/conference/hipaa-training-for-the-compliance-officer-2024-updates
Gemma Wean- Nutritional solution for Artemia
GEMMA Wean is a high end larval co-feeding and weaning diet aimed at Artemia optimisation and is fortified with a high level of proteins and phospholipids. GEMMA Wean provides the early weaned juveniles with dedicated fish nutrition and is an ideal follow on from GEMMA Micro or Artemia.
GEMMA Wean has an optimised nutritional balance and physical quality so that it flows more freely and spreads readily on the water surface. The balance of phospholipid classes to- gether with the production technology based on a low temperature extrusion process improve the physical aspect of the pellets while still retaining the high phospholipid content.
GEMMA Wean is available in 0.1mm, 0.2mm and 0.3mm. There is also a 0.5mm micro-pellet, GEMMA Wean Diamond, which covers the early nursery stage from post-weaning to pre-growing.
Comprehensive Rainy Season Advisory: Safety and Preparedness Tips.pdf
The "Comprehensive Rainy Season Advisory: Safety and Preparedness Tips" offers essential guidance for navigating rainy weather conditions. It covers strategies for staying safe during storms, flood prevention measures, and advice on preparing for inclement weather. This advisory aims to ensure individuals are equipped with the knowledge and resources to handle the challenges of the rainy season effectively, emphasizing safety, preparedness, and resilience.
The Power of Superfoods and Exercise.pdf
Healthy Eating Habits:
Understanding Nutrition Labels: Teaches how to read and interpret food labels, focusing on serving sizes, calorie intake, and nutrients to limit or include.
Tips for Healthy Eating: Offers practical advice such as incorporating a variety of foods, practicing moderation, staying hydrated, and eating mindfully.
Benefits of Regular Exercise:
Physical Benefits: Discusses how exercise aids in weight management, muscle and bone health, cardiovascular health, and flexibility.
Mental Benefits: Explains the psychological advantages, including stress reduction, improved mood, and better sleep.
Tips for Staying Active:
Encourages consistency, variety in exercises, setting realistic goals, and finding enjoyable activities to maintain motivation.
Maintaining a Balanced Lifestyle:
Integrating Nutrition and Exercise: Suggests meal planning and incorporating physical activity into daily routines.
Monitoring Progress: Recommends tracking food intake and exercise, regular health check-ups, and provides tips for achieving balance, such as getting sufficient sleep, managing stress, and staying socially active.
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Christina Spears, breast cancer genetic counselor at the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, joined us for the MBC Support Group for Black Women to discuss the importance of genetic testing in communities of color and answer pressing questions.
NEEDLE STICK INJURY - JOURNAL CLUB PRESENTATION - DR SHAMIN EABENSON
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Hypertension and it's role of physiotherapy in it.
Hypertension and it's role of physiotherapy in it.
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Non invasive cholesterol measurement- Study
- 2. Introduction: • Heart Attack and stroke account for 30% of total death due to diseases[1]. Death Heart Attack and stroke Various Diseases
- 4. Factors that leads to Vascular Diseases: • Blood pressure • Weight • Exercise level • Diabetes • Cholesterol level Most of these factors have easy or readily available ways to measure and keep track such as weight balances, glucose meters, apps to track of exercise.
- 5. Why Non-Invasive cholesterol measurement? • Cholesterol is the hardest to keep track of and thus the least monitored. • Currently the only solution to keep track of cholesterol is to get blood analysis done at the hospitals which is not only inconvenient and expensive but require blood samples. Thus it critical to have a non or less invasive cholesterol monitor to check cholesterol as often as necessary.
- 11. Cholesterol score[2]: Total cholesterol Less than 200 mg/dL: desirable 200-239 mg/dL: borderline high risk 240 and over: high risk HDL (high density lipoprotein) Less than 40 mg/dL (men), less than 50 mg/dL (women): increased risk of heart disease Greater than 60mg/dL: some protection against heart disease LDL (low density lipoprotein) Less than 100 mg/dL: optimal 100-129 mg/dL: near optimal/above optimal 130-159 mg/dL: borderline high 160- 189 mg/dL: high 190 mg/dL and above: very high Triglycerides Less than n150 mg/dL: normal 150-199 mg/dL: borderline to high 200-499mg/dL: high Above 500 mg/dL: very high
- 12. Relation between ECG and cholesterol: • In patients after a myocardial infarction, there is an ST segment elevation that correlates to higher blood LDL or total cholesterol[3]. • ST segment resolution 30 minutes after successful angioplasty of IRA was observed in 116 patients (77%), who were classified as group A, whereas 34 (23%) presented ECG signs of no-reflow (group B). • Cholesterol increases the open probability of cardiac KACh currents[4].
- 14. Relation between Cardiac Membrane potential and ECG[5].
- 15. References [1] Dr. Judith MacKay, Dr. George A. Mensah “The Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke”, World health organization. [2] Benjamin Wedro, William C. Shiel Jr, “Cholesterol chart”, http://www.emedicinehealth.com/, web. [3] S et al. Dobrzycki, "High Cholesterol in Patients with ECG signs of No-Reflow after Myocardial Infarction," Rocz Akad Med Bialymst, pp. 118-122. [4] Anna N. Bukiya, et al. “Chlesterol increases the open probability of cardiac KACh currents” , BBAMEM, 2015, pp 2406 – 2413. [5] Birnbaum SG, Varga AW, Yuan LL, et al. Structure and function of Kv4-family transient potassium channels. Physiol Rev 2004;84:803-833.