The three main sources of Earth's internal heat are: 1) primordial heat left over from the planet's formation 4.5 billion years ago, 2) radiogenic heat from radioactive decay of elements in Earth's interior, and 3) frictional heating caused by denser core materials sinking to the center. Heat is transferred within Earth by conduction through stationary matter, convection through fluid movement like magma or molten iron, and minimally by radiation.