Golden rice is a variety of rice (Oryza sativa) produced through genetic engineering to biosynthesize beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A, in the edible parts of rice.It is intended to produce a fortified food to be grown and consumed in areas with a shortage of dietary vitamin A, a deficiency which each year is estimated to kill 670,000 children under the age of 5 and cause an additional 500,000 cases of irreversible childhood blindness. Rice is a staple food crop for over half of the world's population, providing 30–72% of the energy intake for people in Asian countries, and becoming an effective crop for targeting vitamin deficiencies.
This presentation entitled "Golden rice" explains the needs for golden rice development, Biotechnological manipulations in metabolic pathways for GR-1 and GR-2 development and finally it also detailed with the associated ethical issues.
Golden rice is a variety of rice (Oryza sativa) produced through genetic engineering to biosynthesize beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A, in the edible parts of rice.It is intended to produce a fortified food to be grown and consumed in areas with a shortage of dietary vitamin A, a deficiency which each year is estimated to kill 670,000 children under the age of 5 and cause an additional 500,000 cases of irreversible childhood blindness. Rice is a staple food crop for over half of the world's population, providing 30–72% of the energy intake for people in Asian countries, and becoming an effective crop for targeting vitamin deficiencies.
This presentation entitled "Golden rice" explains the needs for golden rice development, Biotechnological manipulations in metabolic pathways for GR-1 and GR-2 development and finally it also detailed with the associated ethical issues.
☺INTRODUCTION
☺Bt COTTON
☺MAJOR PESTS OF COTTON
☺MODE OF ACTION OF Bt GENE
☺ADVANTAGES
☺DISADVANTAGES
☺CONCLUSION
☺REFERENCES
Genetically modified variety of cotton that produces an insecticide whose gene has been derived from a soil bacterium called Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt).
Three types of toxins.
A total of 229 cry toxins ( cry1Aa to Cry72Aa), cyt toxins ( cyt 11Aa to cyt3Aa) and 102 vip toxins( vip1Aa1 to vip4Aa1) have been discovered.
This will be helpful to understand the importance of golden rice to allivate vitamin A deficiency and also to learn the basic technique of Golden Rice Development
Bt cotton is a genetically modified organism (GMO) or genetically modified pest resistant plant cotton variety, which produces an insecticide to combat bollworm.
Golden Rice – A Humanitarian Biotechnology Projectsol777
Presentation of Golden Rice Co-inventor Peter Beyer, professor at the university of Freiburg, at the Comm4Biotech conference 2011 in Strasbourg - more information on http://www.comm4biotech.eu .
An overview of the Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer process. Moreover, studied different kinds of Agrobacterium species are involved in this mechanism.
Agrobacterium is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacteria found mostly in the soil. It is a plant pathogen that is responsible for causing crown gall disease in them. This bacteria is also known as the natural genetic engineer because of it's the ability to integrate its plasmid Gene into the plant genome.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens transfer of their genetic material T-DNA of Ti-plasmid into the plant cell: A: Agrobacterium tumefaciens; B: Agrobacterium genome; C: Ti Plasmid : a: T-DNA , b: Vir genes , c: Replication origin , d: Opines catabolism genes; D: Plant cell
A Ti-Plasmid (tumor-inducing plasmid) is a ds, circular DNA that often, but not always. It's a piece of genetic equipment that transfers genetic material from bacterial cells means Agrobacterium tumefaciens into plant cells used to induce tumors in the plant. The Ti-plasmid is damage when Agrobacterium is grown above 28 °C. Such cured bacteria don't induce crown gall disease in the plant due to they are avirulent. The Ti-Plasmid are classified into two types on the basis of opine genes are present in T-DNA.
The Plasmid has 196 genes that code for 195 proteins. There is no one structural RNA. The plasmid is 206.479 nucleotides long. the GC content is 56% and 81% of the genetic material is coding genes.
The modification of this plasmid is a very important source in the production of transgenic plants.
The T-DNA must be cut out of the circular plasmid. A VirD1/D2 complex nicks the DNA at the left and right border sequences. The VirD2 protein is covalently attached to the 5' end. VirD2 contains a motif that leads to the nucleoprotein complex being targeted to the type IV secretion system (T4SS).
In the cytoplasm of the recipient cell, the T-DNA complex becomes coated with VirE2 proteins, which are exported through the T4SS independently from the T-DNA complex. Nuclear localization signals, or NLS, located on the VirE2 and VirD2 are recognized by the importin alpha protein, which then associates with importin beta and the nuclear pore complex to transfer the T-DNA into the nucleus. So that the T-DNA can integrate into the host genome.
We inoculate Agrobacterium containing our genes of interest, onto wounded plant tissue explants. The Agrobacterium then transfers the gene of interest into the DNA of the plant tissue.
Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer in plants.ICHHA PURAK
This power point presentation consist of 41 slides. Attempts have been made to illustrate how Agrobacterium behaves us natural genetic engineer. How it can infect a plant through wound and a part of DNA present on Ti plasmid is Tranferred and causes disease as crown gall in the infected plant. In second part of the presentation attempts have been made to describe how Agrobacterium can be utilized for iinsertion of desired gene into the plant,what manipulation are to be made with Agrobacterium.How infection and transfer of desired gene can be made possible.What is the role of plant tissue culture etc.
Introduction to organ culture in plant tissue culture and root cultureCollege
This presentation is all about the organ culture and its applications which is an important aspect in Plant tissue culture today. Also this presentation provide detail information about root culture and its basic appilication
☺INTRODUCTION
☺Bt COTTON
☺MAJOR PESTS OF COTTON
☺MODE OF ACTION OF Bt GENE
☺ADVANTAGES
☺DISADVANTAGES
☺CONCLUSION
☺REFERENCES
Genetically modified variety of cotton that produces an insecticide whose gene has been derived from a soil bacterium called Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt).
Three types of toxins.
A total of 229 cry toxins ( cry1Aa to Cry72Aa), cyt toxins ( cyt 11Aa to cyt3Aa) and 102 vip toxins( vip1Aa1 to vip4Aa1) have been discovered.
This will be helpful to understand the importance of golden rice to allivate vitamin A deficiency and also to learn the basic technique of Golden Rice Development
Bt cotton is a genetically modified organism (GMO) or genetically modified pest resistant plant cotton variety, which produces an insecticide to combat bollworm.
Golden Rice – A Humanitarian Biotechnology Projectsol777
Presentation of Golden Rice Co-inventor Peter Beyer, professor at the university of Freiburg, at the Comm4Biotech conference 2011 in Strasbourg - more information on http://www.comm4biotech.eu .
An overview of the Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer process. Moreover, studied different kinds of Agrobacterium species are involved in this mechanism.
Agrobacterium is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacteria found mostly in the soil. It is a plant pathogen that is responsible for causing crown gall disease in them. This bacteria is also known as the natural genetic engineer because of it's the ability to integrate its plasmid Gene into the plant genome.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens transfer of their genetic material T-DNA of Ti-plasmid into the plant cell: A: Agrobacterium tumefaciens; B: Agrobacterium genome; C: Ti Plasmid : a: T-DNA , b: Vir genes , c: Replication origin , d: Opines catabolism genes; D: Plant cell
A Ti-Plasmid (tumor-inducing plasmid) is a ds, circular DNA that often, but not always. It's a piece of genetic equipment that transfers genetic material from bacterial cells means Agrobacterium tumefaciens into plant cells used to induce tumors in the plant. The Ti-plasmid is damage when Agrobacterium is grown above 28 °C. Such cured bacteria don't induce crown gall disease in the plant due to they are avirulent. The Ti-Plasmid are classified into two types on the basis of opine genes are present in T-DNA.
The Plasmid has 196 genes that code for 195 proteins. There is no one structural RNA. The plasmid is 206.479 nucleotides long. the GC content is 56% and 81% of the genetic material is coding genes.
The modification of this plasmid is a very important source in the production of transgenic plants.
The T-DNA must be cut out of the circular plasmid. A VirD1/D2 complex nicks the DNA at the left and right border sequences. The VirD2 protein is covalently attached to the 5' end. VirD2 contains a motif that leads to the nucleoprotein complex being targeted to the type IV secretion system (T4SS).
In the cytoplasm of the recipient cell, the T-DNA complex becomes coated with VirE2 proteins, which are exported through the T4SS independently from the T-DNA complex. Nuclear localization signals, or NLS, located on the VirE2 and VirD2 are recognized by the importin alpha protein, which then associates with importin beta and the nuclear pore complex to transfer the T-DNA into the nucleus. So that the T-DNA can integrate into the host genome.
We inoculate Agrobacterium containing our genes of interest, onto wounded plant tissue explants. The Agrobacterium then transfers the gene of interest into the DNA of the plant tissue.
Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer in plants.ICHHA PURAK
This power point presentation consist of 41 slides. Attempts have been made to illustrate how Agrobacterium behaves us natural genetic engineer. How it can infect a plant through wound and a part of DNA present on Ti plasmid is Tranferred and causes disease as crown gall in the infected plant. In second part of the presentation attempts have been made to describe how Agrobacterium can be utilized for iinsertion of desired gene into the plant,what manipulation are to be made with Agrobacterium.How infection and transfer of desired gene can be made possible.What is the role of plant tissue culture etc.
Introduction to organ culture in plant tissue culture and root cultureCollege
This presentation is all about the organ culture and its applications which is an important aspect in Plant tissue culture today. Also this presentation provide detail information about root culture and its basic appilication
Golden rice is a bioengineered variety of rice that produces beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A. This innovation aims to address vitamin A deficiency (VAD), a prevalent public health issue affecting millions, particularly children and pregnant women, in regions where rice is a staple food.
this is presentation on vitamin a production by the microorganism various microorganism produced vitamin a commercially by which we can obtain it easily and produced industrial application. what are the vitamin a classification and production
A description of the history, variation in methods/ approaches for biofortifying rice, benefits and challenges faced with biofortified rice and consequences for future generations..
NATIONAL VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY PROPHYLAXIS PROGRAMMESKanikaRastogi13
this presentation is about the governmental organised national vitamin A prophylaxis programme which aims to reduce or to prevent the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency.
Development of tools and techniques to convey the message on vitamin a defici...Akash Dass
Deficiency of vitamin A of various degrees has been a significant public health problem in India. It is not uncommon to find a number of children with conjunctival signs of vitamin A deficiency and sub clinical forms with unsatisfactory levels of vitamin A in blood and liver.
When you don't get enough vitamin A in your diet, you may be at risk of developing a vitamin A deficiency. Over time, this can lead to numerous health concerns including vision problems, decreased immunity, and death.
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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2. INTRODUCTION
• Golden rice is a variety of Oryza sativa rice
produced from genetic engineering
• The creation of plants that make or accumulate
micronutrients
• Main purpose is to provide pro-vitamin A to
third world, developing, countries where
malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency are
common
• Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) can negatively affect
growth and development, cause blindness,
interfere with the growth of epithelial cells, and
suppress the immune system
• Vitamin A can be synthesized from the β-
carotene found in green leafy vegetables and
yellow fruits or vegetables, and it can be
obtained from certain animal products (liver,
egg yolk, etc. ).
3. Effects of malnutrition;
• Symptoms of vitamin A deficiency (VAD)
include; night blindness, increased
susceptibility to infection and cancer, anemia
(lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin),
deterioration of the eye tissue, and
cardiovascular disease
• Nearly 9 million children die from
malnutrition each year. A large proportion of
those children die from common illnesses
that could have been avoided through
adequate nutrition
• The reduced immune competence increases
the morbidity and mortality rates of children
4. In a major feat of genetic engineering,
scientists inserted a complete
functioning β-carotene biosynthetic
pathway into the rice plant. They did
this by inserting genes from daffodil to
produce functioning versions of the first
and last enzymes of the pathway. In
addition, a single bacterial gene that
provides the same function as the
second and third enzymes of the
pathway, was also introduced. With a
functioning pathway, the transgenic rice
is able to produce the vitamin A
precursor β-carotene. It is this product
that gives "Golden Rice" its
characteristic yellow color.
The solution is “GOLDEN RICE”
5. The Golden Rice story
One of the major plant biotechnology product is more recent and was developed to
address the vitamin A deficiency problems prevalent throughout the world. This vitamin
deficiency is very critical because it can cause blindness and affects the severity of many
diseases including diarrhea and measles. This is a severe problem that affects more than
100 million children worldwide. A simple solution would be to distribute vitamins to the
affected children. Unfortunately, many countries where the deficiency is chronic do not
have the necessary infrastructure to deliver the vitamin tablets to the most needed.
The solution that is currently being promoted is to improve the vitamin content in
widely-consumed, and readily available to the consumer. Transgenic rice plants were
developed that contain elevated levels of the precursor to vitamin A. This GMO is called
“Golden Rice” because of its color: it is yellow rather than white. It is yellow because β-
carotene, a yellow precursor to vitamin A is abundant in the seed.
6. Who started The Golden Rice Project?
• Started in 1982 by Ingo Potrykus-Professor emeritus of the Institute for
Plant Sciences
• Peter Beyer-Professor of Centre for Applied Biosciences, Uni. Of
Freiburg, Germany
• Funded by the Rockefeller Foundation, the Swiss Federal Institute of
Technology, and Syngenta, a crop protection company.
• Golden Rice Humanitarian Board-responsible for the global development,
introduction and free distribution of Golden Rice to target countries.
7. How dose it works?
• The addition of 2 genes in the rice
genome will complete the
biosynthetic pathway
– 1. Phytoene synthase (psy) –
derived from daffodils
– 2. Lycopene cyclase (crt1) –
from soil bacteria Erwinia
uredovora
• Produces enzymes and catalysts for
the biosynthesis of carotenoids (β-
carotene) in the endosperm
8. • Rice is a staple food in many developing regions of the
world. Unfortunately, it contains no β-carotene in its
milled grain, and is therefore not a source of vitamin A.
Rice can be genetically engineered to boost its
nutritional content. It is possible to transfer the genes
for β-carotene from a plant that produces it into rice
DNA.
• Rice provides as much as 80 percent or more of the daily
caloric intake of 3 billion people, which is half the
world’s population
• Other plants, such as sweet potatoes have varieties that
are either rich (orange-fleshed) or poor (white fleshed)
in pro-vitamin A
• Carrots were originally white or purple in the 1600’s. A
Dutch horticulturist mutated the carrot to produce
carotenes to symbolize the color of the Dutch Royal
House of Orange
WHY RICE?
9. Modification of plant nutrition content : increasing the vitamin a
content in plants
• 124 million children worldwide are
deficient in vitamin A, which leads to
death and blindness.
• Mammals make vitamin A from B-
carotene a common carotenoid pigment
normally found in plant photosynthetic
membranes
• Here, the idea was to engineer the B-
carotene pathway into rice
• The transgenic rice is yellow on golden
in colour and is called “golden rice”.
10. β - carotene pathway problem in plants
IPP
Geranylgeranyl diphoshate
phytoene synthase
Phytoene
Phytoene desaturase
ξ-carotene desaturase
Lycopene
Lycopenz-beta-cyclase
B- carotene
Vitamin A precursor
Normal
Vitamin A
“Deficient”
Rice
Problem:
Rice lacks
these enzymes
11. The solution is GOLDEN RICE
-Carotene Pathway Genes Added
IPP
Geranylgeranyl diphosphate
Phytoene
Lycopene
-carotene
(vitamin A precursor)
Phytoene synthase
Phytoene desaturase
Lycopene-beta-cyclase
ξ-carotene desaturase
Daffodil gene
Single bacterial gene;
performs both functions
Daffodil gene
Vitamin A
Pathway
is complete
and functional
Golden
Rice
12. Controversy Against “Golden Rice”
• Health
– May cause allergies or fail to perform desired effect
– Supply does not provide a substantial quantity as the
recommended daily intake
• Environment
– Loss of Biodiversity. May become a gregarious weed
and endanger the existence of natural rice plants
– Genetic contamination of natural, global staple
foods
• Culture
– Some people prefer to cultivate and eat only white
rice based on traditional values and spiritual beliefs