This document discusses several ethical theories including teleological, utilitarianism, and Kantian ethics. It provides background on key concepts in each theory. For teleological theories, it notes they are concerned with the ends or outcomes of decisions. For utilitarianism, it outlines the views of Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill who believed actions should maximize happiness and well-being. It also discusses act and rule utilitarianism. For Kantian ethics, it states that motive is the most important factor in determining what is ethical according to Kant.

3. The word "teleology" is
derived from the Greek word
"telos" that means "ends." In
this theory, you would
consider the ends, or the
outcomes of your decision.
Since this theory is
concerned about the
consequences of the
decision, it is also referred to
as consequentialist

4. Teleological theories of Change
According to this theory, human
actions are purposive; goal is
the final cause for guiding
movement of an entity.

5. TELEOLOGICAL EXAMPLE
EMPLOYER&EMPLOYEE

7. Basic Insights of Utilitarianism
The purpose of morality is to make the
world a better place.
Morality is about producing good
consequences, not having good
intentions
We should do whatever will bring the
most benefit (i.e., intrinsic value) to all
of humanity.

8. Jeremy Bentham
1748-1832
Bentham believed
that we should try to
increase the overall
amount of pleasure
in the world.

9. John Stuart Mill
1806-1873
Bentham’s godson
Believed that
happiness, not
pleasure, should be
the standard of
utility.

10. It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be
Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied. And if the fool, or the pig, are a
different opinion, it is because they only know their own side of the question."
John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism (1863)

11. The Utilitarian Calculus
Math and ethics
finally merge: all
consequences must
be measured and
weighed.
Units of
measurement:
Hedons: positive
Dolors: negative

12. Act and Rule Utilitarianism
Act utilitarianism
Looks at the consequences of each
individual act and calculate utility each
time the act is performed.
Rule utilitarianism
Looks at the consequences of having
everyone follow a particular rule and
calculates the overall utility of accepting
or rejecting the rule.

13. Criticisms
of Utilitarianism
1. Responsibility
2. Integrity
3. Intentions
4. Moral Luck
5. Who does the calculating?
6. Who is included?

14. Concluding Assessment
Utilitarianism is most appropriate for
policy decisions, as long as a strong
notion of fundamental human rights
guarantees that it will not violate rights
of small minorities.

16. *DUTIES OF FIDELITY
*DUTIES OF REPARATION
*DUTIES OF GRATITUDE
*DUTIES OF JUSTICE
*DUTIES OF BENEFICENCE
*DUTIES OF SELF-
IIIMPROVEMENT
*DUTIES OF
;NONMALEFICENCE

18. Kantian ethics is based upon
teachings ot the german
philosopher Immanurl Kant
According to kant the concept
of motive is the most important
factor in determining what is
ethical

19. “Sense of duty”
“This is what I ought
to do”

20. Example

21. Motive is the most
important factor in
kanatian ethics

22. Criticisms

25. Virtue ethics is a frame work
that suggests that societal rules
provide a moral minimum, and
based on that individuals can
translate these societal rules
into personal values and virtues
such as honesty integrity trust
and faith

26. *PEOPLE IN THE PRECONVENTIONAL
STAGE
*PEOPLE IN THE
CONVENTIONAL STAGE
*PEOPLE IN THE
PRINCIPLE STAGE

27. WITH EDUCATION, EXPERIENCE
AND EXPOSURE PEOPLE MAY
CHANGE THEIR VALUES AND
ETHICAL BEHAVIOUR OVER TIME