Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is a spark or discharge caused by a buildup of static electricity. It can damage electronics like computer components. The document discusses ESD, how it occurs, common test models used to evaluate ESD thresholds, types of damage it can cause, and ways to prevent ESD such as proper grounding, neutralization, and using anti-static protective equipment and bags in work areas. It also lists components of a static safe workplace and names team members who contributed to the document.

3. Definition: What is ESD??
Electrostatic discharge(ESD) is a spark
or a spark over resulting from a large
potential difference in an electrically
insulating material, which causes a
very short high electrical current
pulse. A cause of the potential
difference is usually a loading by
triboelectricity.

4. Definition: What is ESD??
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Examples:
Lightning
Discharge by touching a car door
Crackling from the many small discharges
when removing a sweater

5. Why is ESD important?
Our bodies constantly
generate and release static
electricity.
Almost every time we touch
something, we discharge
some amount of static
electricity.
While you work on a computer,
you can discharge static electricity
to the components of the system
just by touching them.
The human body can only feel an electrostatic
discharge of 3000 volts OR MORE.
Less than 100 volts can damage or destroy the
delicate circuitry found in computers.

6. ESD Test Models
ESD can have serious detrimental
effects on all semiconductor ICs
and the system that contains them
There are three major test
methods are widely used in the
industry today to describe uniform
methods for establishing ESDwithstand thresholds

7. ESD Test Models
• Human-Body Model (HBM)
The HBM was developed to
simulate the action of a
human body discharging
accumulated static
charge through a device to
ground, and employs a series
RC network consisting of a 100pF capacitor and a 1500-W
resistor.

8. ESD Test Models
• Machine Model (MM)
The MM simulates a machine
discharging accumulated static
charge through a device to
ground.
It comprises a series RC network of a
200-pF capacitor, and nominal series
resistance of less than 1 ohm.
The output waveform usually is described in terms of
peak current and oscillating frequency for a given
discharge voltage.

9. ESD Test Models
• charged-device-model (CDM )
The CDM (charged-device-model)
device-level testing procedure is a
simulation for situations that often
happen in automated-manufacturing
environments in which machines
often remain on indefinitely, causing
the electronic ICs to electrically charge
over time.
When the part comes into contact with a grounded
conductor, the built-up residual capacitance discharges. For
the CDM test, the DUT is placed on its back facing upward
on a testing board.

10. Damages caused by ESD

11. Damages caused by ESD
Discharge of high levels of electricity into wires
and components not designed to accept such
levels will result in damage.
Damage is not always immediately apparent.
Partial damage can result in intermittent
errors in the computer because some
pulses still flow properly while others don’t.
Billions of Dollars $$$ are wasted each year
because of ESD damage.

12. Damages caused by ESD
Field Service Level
System Level
Board Level
$5000
Component Level
$500
$50
$5

13. Preventing ESD Damage

14. Preventing ESD Damage
1) Grounding
Grounding is a very important
measure. The best prevention is to
connect the personnel with
personal earthing system direct
with earth:
• Grounding with help of a special
reel
• Conductive footwear
Heel bands should be worn on
both feet, in order to ensure a
constant contact to the ground

15. Preventing ESD Damage
2) Neutralization
If an isolator is statically
loaded, ESD damage can
be caused by contact. In
order to reduce this risk,
an ionizer can be used,
which produces billions of
charged particles and thus
neutralizes the static
loading of the isolator

16. Preventing ESD Damage
• Example of a static safe workplace

17. static safe workplace components:
1) ESD Wristband or Ankle Strap
Attached to the wrist
with a wire leading to a
metal clip attached to
the grounded object.

18. static safe workplace components:
2) ESD Floor or Table Mat
A floor mat placed where you stand
The underside has contacts that
provide an outlet for ESD to the
ground beneath
The floor and underneath the mat
should be kept free of dirt and debris

19. static safe workplace components:
3) ESD Garments
Worn over your clothing and
provide a ground wire that
can be attached to an ESD
floor or table mat
Made of a static dissipative
material that slows ESD to
give it time to discharge to
the ground through the
ground wire

20. static safe workplace components:
4) ESD Gloves or Finger Covering
Worn on the hands or fingers that
will come into contact with
sensitive components.
Can be made of one of the
following materials:
 Vinyl
 Good for anti-ESD work
 Special substances to
dissipate or prevent ESD
transference.

21. static safe workplace components:
• 5) Anti-static Bags
Computer components are shipped
in special plastic bags.
These bags protect the
components inside from ESD
Storing components in these bags
will reduce the risk of ESD damage
to the component

24. Team members:
1) Aya salah el-deen Hassan
2) Ahmed Khairy Mohamed Masoud
3) Ahmed Saeed Lotfy Hassan
4) Botamina Sameh Mounir Nashed
5) Rania Fathy Abdullah Mohamed
6) Reham Rafaat Abd Elmoty
7) Sara Mohamed Awaad
8) Mohamed Jamal Mokhtar Mohamed
9) Mohamed Mahmoud Ahmed Sadek
10) Monika Safwat Sobhy
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