The document discusses the key components of a computer system. It describes the central processing unit (CPU) and its basic functions of fetching, decoding, executing and writing back instructions. It also summarizes the roles of the motherboard, hard disk, memory, keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer, plotter, optical scanner, webcam and projector. All of these components work together to process and display digital information.

1. EXAM IN COMPUTER
• SUBMITTED BY: Raul J. Moraleda
• Submitted To: Tr. Julie Ann Iglesia

2. Central Processing Unit (CPU): Also known as the
computer processor, the CPU is an electronic circuit that executes
computer programs. The primary responsibility of a computer processor
is to execute a sequential set of instructions that constitute a program.
CPU operation can be divided into four basic steps, namely, fetch,
decode, execute and writeback. During the 'fetch' step, the processor
retrieves program instructions from memory. In the decode step, the
instruction is broken down into parts. The instruction set architecture of
the CPU defines the way in which an instruction is decoded. In the
'execute' step, CPU performs the operation implied by the program
instruction. During the 'writeback' step, the CPU writes back the results
of execution, to the computer's memory.
SOURCE: http://www.buzzle.com

3. Motherboard: A computer motherboard consists of sockets
in which microprocessors are installed, memory slots, a
chipset that acts as an interface between the CPU bus and the
peripheral buses, non-volatile memory chips housing the
system's firmware and a clock generator, which helps in the
synchronization of various system components. Some
motherboards also include logic and connectors to support
input devices like PS/2 connectors for a mouse and keyboard
SOURCE: http://www.buzzle.com

4. Hard Disk: A hard disk is described as a part of the computer
disk drive, which stores data and provides computer users
with quick access to large amounts of data. A hard disk is an
electromagnetically charged surface or set of disks that record
data in concentric circles known as tracks. It is a non-volatile
storage device that stores digitally encoded data. A head,
resembling a phonograph arm, is used to read and write data
onto a hard disk.
SOURCE: http://www.buzzle.com

5. Computer Memory: It refers to those components of a
computer, which retain digital data. It forms the core of a
computer and makes up the basic computer model in
collaboration with the CPU. Magnetic drums and delay lines
used as primary storage by computers of the early days, have
metamorphosed into a miniature silicon chip, which can
achieve efficient storage of large volumes of data. Random
Access Memory, popularly known as RAM, is a small-sized
light and volatile form of computer memory. It is capable of
temporary storage of data.
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6. Registers located in a computer processor are the fastest
forms of computer storage. The most frequently used
information is duplicated in the processor cache of a
computer, thereby improving its performance. Computers
require a non-volatile primary storage to read large programs.
This non-volatile memory is known as ROM or Read-only
memory. It also contains the startup programs used for
bootstrapping a computer. Secondary storage media such as
flash memory, magnetic tape, punch cards and zip drives and
tertiary storage media like tape libraries are also a part of
computer memory.
SOURCE: http://www.buzzle.com

7. Monitor: A visual display unit, as it is called, is an electrical
equipment that displays images generated by the video
output of a computer. Monitors of the early years used CRT
technology for imaging, while modern computer monitors use
LCD or even plasma screens. The display provides computer
users with an instant feedback in the form of text and graphic
images. Monitors are the most-used output devices of a
computer.
Source:http://en.wikipedia.org

8. Keyboard: A keyboard is regarded as an input device
for a computer. With respect to the arrangement of
keys, a computer keyboard is similar to a typewriter.
The keys or buttons act as electronic switches or
mechanical levers with characters printed on
them, with each keypress corresponding to a written
symbol. A keyboard has its own processor and
circuitry, which consists of a key matrix, which helps
bring about the keyboard operation.
Source:http://en.wikipedia.org

9. Mouse: A computer mouse is a pointing device that detects two-
dimensional motion. It was introduced by Apple Macintosh in 1984. A
mouse translates the motion of your hand into signals that a computer
can recognize and respond to. There are three basic types of mice,
namely, mechanical, optomechanical and optical. Mechanical mice have
a rubber or metal ball that can roll in all directions. Mechanical sensors
in the mouse detect the direction of motion of the ball. Optomechanical
mice differ from mechanical mice, in that they use optical sensors to
detect motion. Optical mice, popularly used today, have a laser to detect
movement of the mouse. They do not have mechanical moving parts
and possess higher performance speeds.
source:http://en.wikipedia.org

10. Printer
An external hardware device responsible for taking computer
data and generating a hard copy of that data. Printers are one
of the most used peripherals on computers and are
commonly used to print text, images, and photos.
Source:http://en.wikipedia.org

11. Plotter
is a computer hardware device similar to a printer that uses
a pen, pencil, marker or other writing tool to make a design.
Often these printers are used in schematics, CAD, and other
print jobs. In the picture to the right, is an example of what
a plotter printer may look like.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webcam

12. Optical scanner
Hardware input device that allows a user to take an image or
text and convert it into a digital file, allowing the computer to
read or display the scanned object. A scanneris commonly
connected to a computer USB, Firewire, Parallel, or SCSI port
http://en.wikipedia.org

13. A webcam is a video camera that feeds its images in real
time to a computer or computer network, often
via USB, ethernet, or Wi-Fi.
Their most popular use is the establishment of video
links, permitting computers to act
as videophones or videoconference stations. The common
use as a video camera for the World Wide Web gave the
webcam its name. Other popular uses include security
surveillance, computer vision, video broadcasting, and for
recording social videos .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webcam

14. Projector
An output device that can take the display of a computer
screen and project a large version of it onto a flat surface.
http://en.wikipedia.org

15. A webcam is a video camera that feeds its images in
real time to a computer or computer network, often
via USB, ethernet, or Wi-Fi.
Their most popular use is the establishment of video
links, permitting computers to act
as videophones or videoconference stations. The
common use as a video camera for the World Wide
Web gave the webcam its name. Other popular uses
include security surveillance, computer vision, video
broadcasting, and for recording social videos .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webcam