Presentation Russchenberg - Clouds, Climate, Challenges
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1. Clouds play an important but complex role in the Earth's climate system by scattering and absorbing solar radiation and greenhouse gases, which can have both warming and cooling effects. 2. Understanding cloud formation processes and properties like thickness, water content, and droplet size is essential but challenging due to clouds' variability across different types, scales, and parameters. 3. Using integrated observations from satellites, ground stations, aircraft, and models is needed to better represent clouds and quantify their impacts on radiation, temperature, water cycling, and other climate factors.
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3. Atmospheric circulation patterns like global wind belts and ocean currents play an important role in moderating Earth's climate by transporting heat energy from the tropics to poles and distributing it around the globe over long time periods.
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http://www.tudelft.nl/nl/actueel/agenda/event/detail/symposium-tu-delft-climate-institute-17th-october-2013/
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http://www.tudelft.nl/nl/actueel/agenda/event/detail/symposium-tu-delft-climate-institute-17th-october-2013/
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http://bit.ly/Y5dPvY
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Presentation Russchenberg - Clouds, Climate, Challenges
- 1. Clouds, climate, challenges Herman Russchenberg Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere
- 3. The radiation balance: a status quo Solar energy No atmosphere Too cold to live in Greenhouse gases Too warm to live in Cooling clouds Nice in the shade height -20 +24 +14
- 4. Clouds and climate Clouds scatter light Clouds absorb heat Evaporation cools Condensation warms Cooling Warming
- 5. A bit about cloud formation Condensation level No aerosols A few aerosols Many aerosols Moist air parcels Clouds
- 6. rainfall formation Large droplets: rainfall More aerosols Delayed rainfall Longer cloud lifetime Sustained impact on radiation
- 8. Short wave fluxes Long wave fluxes Number concentration Liquid water content Optical depth = total extinction of radiation due to absorption and scattering
- 9. Example of flux calculations
- 10. Neg. Feedback Pos. Feedback Present Perturbed Future Strong Pos. Feedback Possible cloud responses to warming
- 11. Greenland melt, July 2012
- 12. Bennartz et al, 2013, Nature Impact of thin low level clouds on surface temperature
- 13. How much light reaches the earth? How much is reflected into space? How much heat leaves the earth? How much water condenses or evaporates? How much water precipitates? The cloud questions
- 14. 50 km 50km Climate grid Why are clouds so difficult?
- 15. Complexity of the problem Large variety of cloud types Global information needed A large range of temporal and spatial scales A multitude of different physical parameters
- 16. How to solve this problem? Models Observations
- 17. Cesar Observatory Delft University of Technology, KNMI, Wageningen University and Research Utrecht University, RIVM, ECN, TNO , European Space Agency Groeten uit Cabauw
- 18. Observation of light rain with different instruments lidar radar time height Why multi-sensor strategies? short wavelength long wavelength
- 19. 1. Cloud thickness 2. Liquid water content 3. Droplet size 4. Number concentration 5. Vertical profile What do we have to know? Case study: water clouds
- 20. Assume a cloud model Cloud base Cloud top H Expected response of radar Expected response of lidar Number of droplets Water content
- 21. radar lidar radiometer Inside stratocumulus Radar reflection [dBZ] Total amount of water [g/m^2] Time [utc]
- 22. estimate cloud parameters Droplet concentration Profile particle size Courtesy: Christine Brandau
- 23. Extinction Optical thickness radiative properties
- 24. Questions • Can we use radiation measurements to evaluate cloud retrievals? • What’s the impact of the assumed vertical cloud profiles on radiation?
- 25. Evaluation with radiative closure • retrieval of cloud microphysics • calculate the surface radiation • compare with surface radiation measurements • ARM mobile facility, Germany, 2007 • Cloud radar, ceilometer, microwave radiometer • Pyranometer surface irradiance
- 26. Models of the vertical cloud structure Three models for different vertical variations within the cloud 1. Homogeneous Mixing 2. Scaled-Adiabatic Stratified 3. Vertically Uniform
- 27. The 3 vertical cloud models can reproduce the radiation at surface with small biases Surface radiation closure
- 28. Impact of the vertical cloud structure Three models for different vertical variations within the cloud 1. Homogeneous Mixing 2. Scaled-Adiabatic Stratified 3. Vertically Uniform
- 29. Way of the future: integration space, ground, air, models Ice clouds Water clouds Mixed phase clouds drizzle rainfall Energy fluxes, evaporation Water balance Aerosols Water vapour Trace gases radiation