This document provides an overview of cathode ray oscilloscopes (CROs). It discusses the basic components and workings of a CRO, including the electron gun assembly, deflection plates, and screen. It describes how multi-input oscilloscopes can have two or more input channels displayed in alternate or chopped mode. Lissajous patterns produced by two sinusoidal signals are also covered. Digital storage oscilloscopes are introduced, with key differences from analog storage oscilloscopes noted. Applications of CROs include frequency, amplitude, and phase measurement.

1. SUBMITTED TO : SUBMITTED BY :
Mrs. NAYAN BHALE NIKHIL PRASHANT,
PALASH GUPTA,
RAGHVENDRA
NAMDEO, VIVEK
YADAV & DIKSHIT
KUMAR.

2. TOPICS COVERED :
Introduction to CRO
Block diagram of CRO
Detailed description of CRT
Multi –Input Oscilloscope
Lissajous Patterns
Types of Oscilloscope
and it’s application

3. HOW A CRO LOOKS LIKE

4. INTRODUCTION TO CRO
 Versatile electronic instrument giving visual
display of signals
 Used for measurement of frequency ,
amplitude, phase etc.
 Also used in determining the nature and
characteristics of various components.
 Has a high bandwidth range thus making it a
sensitive and accurate device.
 Easier to use as the internal routine act as a
guide to the user.

5. BASIC DIAGRAM

6. ANOTHER SCOOP….

7. WORKING OF A CRO

8. The main parts of Cathode
Ray Tube are:
•Electron Gun Assembly
•Focusing Anodes
•Deflection Plates Assembly
•Screen for CRT

14. Multi-Input Oscilloscope
Oscilloscope can have multiple input and display
facilities.

15. The most common one is of - TWO INPUTS
.
Although FOUR and EIGHT inputs are
available for special applications

16. There are primary two types of multi-input
oscilloscope :-
Single Beam Oscilloscope
Dual Beam Oscilloscope
Both of them can be converted into a further
Number of traces.

17. Dual Trace Oscilloscopes

18. Dual Trace Oscilloscopes
In this oscilloscope two separate
vertical input channels are used.
There are two common operating modes
for the Electronic Switch, called
Alternate and Chop which can be selected
from the instrument’s front panel.

19. BLOCK DIAGRAM

20. Dual Beam Oscilloscope
The Dual Beam Oscilloscope has two separate
electron beams , and therefore two
completely separate vertical
channels.

21. There are two methods used for
generating the two electron beams
within the CRT.
The first method is :-
Double gun tube
Split Beam

22. Multiple input CRO works in
following two modes
alternate mode
chopped mode

23. Alternate mode
In alternate mode the an electronic switch
alternates between sig A & B.

24. Waveform in alternate mode

25. Chopped mode
In the chopped mode the switch free
runs at very high frequency.

26. Waveform of Chopped Mode

27. Lissajous Pattern
When two sinusoidal voltage signals of
equal frequency having some phase
difference are applied to the deflection
plates of CRO, a straight line or an
ellipse appears on the screen these
figures are called Lissajous figures or
Lissajous curves or pattern.

28. Some examples of lissajous figures……..

29. With the help of lissajous figures we
can measure…….
Frequency
Phase

30. Frequency
Measurement
Fx/Fy = Hp/Vp
Fx = Unknown frequency
Fy = Known frequency
Hp = Points on horizontal tangencies
Vp = Points on vertical tangencies

31. Phase
Measurement
sin Ф = c/b

32. Digital Storage Oscilloscope

33. B
L BLOCK DIAGRAM OF DSO
O
C

34. Advantage Of DSO
Stores waveform for infinite time
Digitize waveform can be processed in any way
Writing speed is more
Processing of signal is easy

35. Analog Storage Oscilloscope

36. Briefings
Trace storage is an extra feature
They used direct-view storage CRTs
The storage is accomplished using the
principle of secondary emission

37. Difference between ASO & DSO
DSO ASO
Data can be stored Data can be stored for
to infinite time finite time
Image quality is Image quality is not
good poor
Writing speed is high Writing speed is poor
Processing of signal Processing of signal is
is easy difficult

38. THANK
u