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Impact of germplasm conservation

  1. Sept 2012 Impact of Conserved Germplasm Impact highlights ™™ The ICRISAT collection of >120,000 germplasm accessions provides an insurance against genetic erosion, making readily available for present and future crop improvement programs globally. ™™ NARS partners have released over 800 varieties in 79 countries utilizing germplasm and breeding lines from ICRISAT. ™™ IS 18758, a popular sorghum landrace from Ethiopia, was released as Gambella. ™™ IP 17862, an Iniadi pearl millet landrace from Togo, is a promising source used in developing many varieties at ICRISAT. ™™ ICC 11879, a chickpea landrace released in eight Mediterranean countries. ™™ ICP 7035, a pigeonpea landrace collected in India, was released as a variety in India, China, Nepal, Philippines and Fiji. ™™ ICP 8863, a wilt resistant pigeonpea landrace released as Maruti in India, resulted in an economic gain of US$61 million by 1996, with a 65% internal rate of return. ™™ ICG 12991, a groundnut accession released as Nematil in Mozambique, as Baka in Malawi, as Serenut 4T in Uganda, and as Msandile in Zambia. ™™ IEC 542, a barnyard landrace originating in Japan, was released as PRJ 1 in Uttarakhand state of India in 2003. Grain yield from this variety was 45.4% higher than that from local variety VL 29. ™™ Repatriation of native collections (55,181 accessions) to 9 countries in Asia and Africa has helped NARS in these countries to regain access to a precious heritage that would otherwise have been lost. ™™ Vegetable pigeonpea has potential for commercial exploitation. ™™ Morphological mutants such as dwarfs and leaf variants identified in mandate crops during characterization have been used extensively in academic studies. Wealth from the wild ™™ Crop Wild Relatives contain a wealth of adaptive traits and higher levels of resistance for both biotic and abiotic stresses. ™™ The ICRISAT genebank conserves over 2,800 wild accessions of mandate crops belonging to 168 species. ™™ Cicer bijugum and C. echinospermum are resistant to fusarium wilt. ™™ Twenty Arachis species were found promising for oil content, protein and total sugar content. Pennisetum pedicellatum, a source for downy mildew resistance. Pennisetum purpureum, a source for high green fodder yield. Cajanus scarabaeoides, a source for early maturity and pod borer resistance. Cajanus platycarpus, a source for extra early maturity and phytophthora blight, pod borer, podfly and bruchids resistance. Cajanus albicans, a wild relative of pigeonpea, source for high seed protein. Arachis cardenasii, a source for resistance to late leaf spot and rust diseases. ™™ Strengthening of genebanks in several countries through training, networks, information, and germplasm exchange helped sustainable germplasm conservation. ™™ Collections have contributed to increased productivity and significant economic benefits. ™™ Sources of high protein, zinc, iron and ß-carotene (yellow endosperm) identified in the collections are very useful for addressing malnutrition among the rural poor. ™™ Molecular characterization of mini core and trait-specific subsets will further reveal the usefulness of germplasm accessions in allele mining. International Public Goods (IPGs) ™™ Mini core collections are now International Public Goods and serve as a gateway to access the genetic diversity by the global research community. Genebank as a treasure trove of genes ™™ Scientists at ICRISAT have identified several promising sources for biotic and abiotic stress resistance, agronomic and nutritional traits. ™™ Evaluation of mini core collections at ICRISAT and by NARS in different countries also resulted in the identification of promising sources. 3335 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 15 13 10 2 1 1 Numberofaccessions Crop (-) Figures in parenthesis are number of countries where in these accessions were directly released as cultivars Sorghum (17) Chickpea (15) Pigeonpea (7) Groundnut (14) Finger millet (1) Pearl millet (3) Barnyard millet (1)
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