The document discusses flora and fauna. It defines flora as plant life found in a particular region, including indigenous plants, fungi, and bacteria. It notes India has high plant biodiversity with over 18,000 flowering plant species. Fauna is defined as the animal life of a region. Fauna is further divided into categories like avifauna (birds), pisci fauna (fish), and microfauna (microorganisms). The document also discusses the classification and adaptations of different types of flora and fauna based on their habitat.

1. Flora and fauna

2.  Flora refers to the plant life found in a particular
region. It is naturally occurring or the indigenous
native plant life.
Sometimes bacteria and fungi are also referred to as flora,
as in the terms gut flora or skin flora.
Introduction of flora

3. The flora of India is one of the richest in the world due to
the wide range of climate, topology and habitat in the
country. There are estimated to be over 18,000 species of
flowering plants in India, which constitute some 6-7
percent of the total plant species in the world. India is
home to more than 50,000 species of plants, including a
variety of endemics. The use of plants as a source of
medicines has been an integral part of life in India from
the earliest times. There are more than 3000 Indian plant
species officially documented as possessing into eight
main floristic regions : Western Himalayas, Eastern
Himalayas, Assam, Indus plain, Ganges plain,
the Deccan, Malabar and the Andaman Islands

4.  The term flora in Latin means “Goddess of the Flower.” Flora is a collective term for a group of plant life
found in a particular region. The whole plant kingdom is represented by this name.
 Flora is classified and differentiated based on many factors. The best one among them is the area in
which they grow or are found. Some grow in desert regions or in water, some are found in hilly areas
while some are endemic to a specific geographic location.
 According to the place at which they grow, they have adaptations also. For example, Cactus plants are
naturally seen in deserts. They have adaptations like modified leaves or prickles to preserve water and
protect themselves from predators.
 The agricultural flora consists of plants cultivated by men for their use. Horticulture is the practice of
growing ornamental and decorative flowers, which are also known as garden flora.

5. Introduction of fauna
 Fauna represents the animal life indigenous to a region. There are many explanations regarding
the origin of the word. As per Roman mythology, Fauna or “Faunus” is the name of the goddess
of fertility. Another source is “Fauns” which means “Forest spirits.“
 Animal kingdom comprises a variety of animal life forms. Hence, the classification of fauna is
much more complex than the floral division. Therefore, for ease of classification;
 Birds are categorized under the name Avifauna.
 Fishes under Pisci Fauna.
 Microorganisms including bacteria and virus are generally considered under animal kingdom,
they are known as Microfauna.
 All unknown and undiscovered animals are named as cryptofauna.

6. fauna refers to all the animals in a specific region, the term can also be subdivided into special
groups that share some commonality with each other. For instance, the term megafauna is used to
distinguish large animals that exist in a particular time and place, with its opposite being microfauna,
tiny creatures like protozoans and tardigrades. Infauna are the animals that live at the bottom of a
body of water, frequently burying themselves within oceanic sediments. Cryofauna refers to animals
that exist in icy regions and habitats, such as Arctic

7. Fauna meaning is simply referring to all kinds of animals living in a particular habitat. Birds from pheasants to a vulture, mammals from mouse to
bison, worms to reptiles, insects, soil and water fauna, etc. all inter-related species fall under the category of fauna
. The population of animal life in a particular region or time represents the Fauna. ‘Goddess of fertility’ is the name given for Fauna and it consists of a
wide variety of animal lives. The classification of the animal kingdom is widely available falling under categories that include birds, fish
microorganisms, and cryptofauna i.e. undiscovered animals. Avifauna is a term referring to the birds whereas Piscifauna is a term referring to the fish
Microfauna is a term given for microscopic organisms including domains like Archaea and bacteria

8. Banyan
 Scientific classification
Kingdom : Plantae
Family :moraceae
Genus :ficus
Economic importance
The wood of the banyan tree is used in making doors panels,boxes and other
items . Its bark is used for making
Paper and ropes

9. Basil
 scientific classification
 Kingdom : plantae
 Family : lamiaceae
 Genus : ocimum
 Species : O.Basilicum
 Economical Importance:
 Basil is an important economic crop,used widely for both its culinary and medicines The
Mediterranean region are currently the largest producers of basil.This herb produces 100 tons
of essentials oilworldwide every year ,and the basil industry is worth around is million
annually.
 CulturaL Importance :
 Basil is originally native to india and other tropical regions of asia.The plant is quite important
to Indian cultures,particularly Hindusium.It was secret to krisha and Vishnu,and it
 Comes under medium quality flowers are covered as vegetables and pickles .The
bark is used as a cheap tan,dye and indigenous medicine

10. Bismarckia nobilis
kingdom: plantae
Family :Arcaceae
order :arcaceae
Subfamily :coryphoideae
Tribe : Borasseae
Genus :bismarkia hildeb & h.wendl
Economic importance
_The greatest importance in world commerce are the cococnut and the African
oil palm and both are prime sources of vegetables oil and fat.