Cardiac diagnostic procedures discussed in the document include angiography, cardiac catheterization, and cardiac enzymes. Angiography uses radio-opaque dye and x-rays to view arteries, veins and the heart chambers. Cardiac catheterization inserts a catheter into the heart or vessels to measure pressures, take biopsies, and evaluate blood flow. Cardiac enzyme blood tests measure protein levels over time to evaluate heart function.

1. Diagnostic Procedures of the
Cardiovascular System
Chapter 5
Tanis Rusin

2. Overview of Medical
Procedures
Angiography
Cardiac Catheterization
Cardiac Enzymes

3. Angiography
Angi/o : Greek for vessel
Graphy : Process of recording
Angiography is a medical
imaging technique that focuses
on blood vessels and organs of
the body.
More specifically a radio- opaque contrast agent
is injected into a blood vessel in order to view
arteries, veins and/or the heart chambers & then
an X-ray based technique is used.

4. Cardiac Catheterization
Cardi/o : Heart
Catheter : Flexible tubing
The insertion of a catheter into a heart chamber
or vessel of the heart. This is done for both
investigational and interventional purposes. A
puncture is made with a needle in either the
femoral artery in the groin or the radial artery in
the wrist before a guide-wire is inserted into the
arterial puncture.
Reasons for the procedure include
To measure intracardiac and intravascular blood pressures.
To take tissue samples for biopsy.
To inject various agents for measuring blood flow in the heart
Seek out the cause of a symptom such or sign of cardiac insufficiency.

5. Cardiac Enzymes
Cardiac : Heart
Enzyme : Protein
that catalyzes a
chemical reaction
Blood test to review the levels of several different
biomarkers. The markers are measured to evaluate
heart function at regular intervals. For example, every
6-8 hours. Currently not all of the markers used are
enzymes. For example, troponin would not be listed as
a cardiac enzyme.

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