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Cardiac
1.
2.
3. 5 second anatomy review
-RT Atrium
-Tricuspid Valve
-RT Ventricle
-Pulmonic Semilunar
Valve
-Lungs
--LT Atrium
-Bicuspid or
Mitral Valve
-LT Ventricle
-Aortic semilunar
Valve
-Aorta
-Body’s circulatory
system
RT Heart-pulmonary
system
LT Heart-to body
4.
5. Anatomic Region of Heart Coronary Artery (most likely associated)
Inferior Right Coronary Artery
Anteroseptal Left anterior descending
Anteroapical Left anterior descending (distal)
Anterolateral Circumflex
Posterior Right Coronary Artery
Coronary Circulation and
area of heart supplied
6.
7.
8. HEMODYNAMICS
PARAMETER ABBRE
VIATION
NORMAL RANGE FORMULA
Cardiac Output
Cardiac Index
CO
CI
4.0-8.0 L/min
2.5-4.5 L/min/m2
HR X SV
CO/BSA div 1000
RT Atrial Pressure
Central Venous Pressure
RAP 2-8 mm Hg CMH2O= mm Hg x 1.34
Mean Arterial Pressure MAP 70-105 mm Hg
2DBP +SBP
3
Pulmonary Artery
Occlusion Pressure
Pulmonary Artery
Diastolic
PAOP
PAD
8-12 mm Hg
10-15 mm Hg
Systemic Vascular
Resistance
SVR 800-1200
dynes/sec-cm-5
MAP – RAP X 80
CO
Mixed Venous Saturation SvOx 60-75 %
9. CVP (RA pressure)- indirect
measurement of preload of
RT ventricle. It gives an
estimate of intravascular
fluid status
PVR- indirect measure of
RT ventricle afterload
SVR- indirect measure of
LT ventricle afterload
LVEDP-measures preload
in the left ventricle
PAOP- reflection of the
LVEDP
SVO2-determined by oxygen extraction and oxygen consumption by tissues.
CO – measure of performance. Volume of blood ejected in 1 minute
CI – CO adjusted for body size
SV- amount of blood ejected from each ventricle with each contraction
SV is determined by
Preload-volume available to ventricles Afterload-resistance against which ventricles
must pump and Contractility-work force of heart
RT HEART LT HEART
Layers of Heart-Pericardium sac that encloses the heart. It is also known as the outermost layer of the heart. It is a tough double layered membrane. There are two layers to the pericardial sac, the outermost fibrous pericardium and the inner serous pericardiumThe serous pericardium, in turn, is divided into two layers, the parietal pericardium, which is fused to and inseparable from the fibrous pericardium, and the visceral pericardium, which is part of the epicardium. The epicardium is the layer immediately outside of the heart muscle
Blood enters RT atrium from inferior and superior vena cava. Atrial contraction pushes blood through the tricuspid valve into the RT ventricle. RT ventricular contraction ejects blood through the pulmonic semilunar valves and into the pulmonary artery. (only artery in body that carries deoxygenated blood). Blood picks up oxygen in lungs and returns to the LT ventricle via the pulmonary vein (only vein in body that carries oxygenated blood) LT atrial contraction pushes blood through the bicuspid or mitral valve into the LT ventricle. LT ventricular contraction ejects blood through the aortic semilunar valve for delivery to the body
For specific area refer to chart that is in review manual
Signals originate in the SA node. This stimulate the atria to contract and travel to the AV node. After a delay, the stimulus is conducted through the bundle of His to the Purkinje fibers and the endocardium at the apex of the heart, then finally to the ventricular epicardium. Normal rate from SA node is 60-100 signals. Normal rate from AV node is 40-60 signals. Intrinsic rate for the bundle of His (ventricles) is 20-40 signalsRemember also that there is neuro control of the heart –the autonomic nervous system influences contractility with sympathetic nervous system “fight of flight” or the Parasympathetic which is slow down of all systems.
