This document discusses key gender issues related to livestock production, management, and marketing. It finds that livestock are an important asset for both male- and female-headed households. However, women typically own fewer animals than men and have less control over decisions regarding livestock. The document also examines differences in men and women's roles in livestock keeping and participation in livestock markets and services. Finally, it discusses links between gender, livestock, and outcomes like nutrition, food security, and health.
Women and livestock: Why gender matters are big mattersILRI
This document discusses the importance of integrating gender considerations into livestock research. It notes that women play major roles in smallholder livestock systems but often face barriers to benefiting from their labor. Integrating gender can lead to higher incomes for women, improved family welfare, and stronger bargaining power for women. The document provides recommendations for how to conduct gender-sensitive research, including collecting sex-disaggregated data, using participatory methods, addressing women's priorities, and developing gender-sensitive indicators.
Gender plays an important role in agricultural development. Statistics show closing the gender gap could increase GDP by 9-16%, reduce hunger by 12-17%, and increase agricultural yields by 20-30%. While women constitute 50% of the agricultural workforce and produce 50% of the world's food, they only receive 10% of income and own 1% of property. They face disparities in areas like income, wages, education, and health. Addressing issues like food security, rural finance, land policy, markets, labor, and infrastructure could help empower women and boost agricultural productivity and economic growth. However, achieving gender equality faces political, policy, practical, and technological challenges that need to be overcome.
Understanding rural women's empowerment: A qualitative case study of the UN...ILRI
Presented by Annet A. Mulema, Brenda Boonabaana, Susan Kaaria, Likimyelesh Nigussie, Liza Debevec and Mihret Alemu at the Gender Agriculture and Assets Project Phase 2 (GAAP2) Webinar on Qualitative Methods to Understand Rural Women’s Empowerment in Ethiopia, 21 March 2018
This document provides an overview of a seminar presentation on women and agriculture in Ethiopia. It discusses the important role of women in Ethiopian agriculture, contributing up to 70% of food production. However, women face numerous challenges including less access to land, credit, extension services and technology compared to men. The document also outlines Ethiopia's national policies aimed at promoting gender equality and women's empowerment in agriculture through institutions like the Women's Affairs Office.
The role of gender in crop value chains in EthiopiaILRI
Women play a significant role in Ethiopian agriculture but face barriers to fully participating in crop value chains. A gender analysis of crop production found that women's workloads are heavier than men's and they have less control over income and decision-making. It also found divisions of labor vary by crop, region, and wealth, with women typically performing tasks like weeding and men activities like marketing. The analysis recommends interventions support women by addressing imbalances in workloads and benefits, expanding access to inputs, technologies, and markets, and involving women in decision-making.
Integrating Gender In Agricultural ProgramsIFPRI Gender
The document discusses integrating gender into agricultural programs by addressing constraints women face in agriculture. It outlines why focusing on gender is important, then discusses constraints women face in accessing key assets like land, water, livestock, soil fertility, new technologies, extension services, labor, markets, and support services. It provides strategies to alleviate these constraints, like strengthening women's land rights, increasing female extension agents, introducing labor-saving technologies, and investing in market interventions to improve women's access and asset base. Case studies show promising examples of projects that have successfully addressed gender.
Women and livestock: Why gender matters are big mattersILRI
This document discusses the importance of integrating gender considerations into livestock research. It notes that women play major roles in smallholder livestock systems but often face barriers to benefiting from their labor. Integrating gender can lead to higher incomes for women, improved family welfare, and stronger bargaining power for women. The document provides recommendations for how to conduct gender-sensitive research, including collecting sex-disaggregated data, using participatory methods, addressing women's priorities, and developing gender-sensitive indicators.
Gender plays an important role in agricultural development. Statistics show closing the gender gap could increase GDP by 9-16%, reduce hunger by 12-17%, and increase agricultural yields by 20-30%. While women constitute 50% of the agricultural workforce and produce 50% of the world's food, they only receive 10% of income and own 1% of property. They face disparities in areas like income, wages, education, and health. Addressing issues like food security, rural finance, land policy, markets, labor, and infrastructure could help empower women and boost agricultural productivity and economic growth. However, achieving gender equality faces political, policy, practical, and technological challenges that need to be overcome.
Understanding rural women's empowerment: A qualitative case study of the UN...ILRI
Presented by Annet A. Mulema, Brenda Boonabaana, Susan Kaaria, Likimyelesh Nigussie, Liza Debevec and Mihret Alemu at the Gender Agriculture and Assets Project Phase 2 (GAAP2) Webinar on Qualitative Methods to Understand Rural Women’s Empowerment in Ethiopia, 21 March 2018
This document provides an overview of a seminar presentation on women and agriculture in Ethiopia. It discusses the important role of women in Ethiopian agriculture, contributing up to 70% of food production. However, women face numerous challenges including less access to land, credit, extension services and technology compared to men. The document also outlines Ethiopia's national policies aimed at promoting gender equality and women's empowerment in agriculture through institutions like the Women's Affairs Office.
The role of gender in crop value chains in EthiopiaILRI
Women play a significant role in Ethiopian agriculture but face barriers to fully participating in crop value chains. A gender analysis of crop production found that women's workloads are heavier than men's and they have less control over income and decision-making. It also found divisions of labor vary by crop, region, and wealth, with women typically performing tasks like weeding and men activities like marketing. The analysis recommends interventions support women by addressing imbalances in workloads and benefits, expanding access to inputs, technologies, and markets, and involving women in decision-making.
Integrating Gender In Agricultural ProgramsIFPRI Gender
The document discusses integrating gender into agricultural programs by addressing constraints women face in agriculture. It outlines why focusing on gender is important, then discusses constraints women face in accessing key assets like land, water, livestock, soil fertility, new technologies, extension services, labor, markets, and support services. It provides strategies to alleviate these constraints, like strengthening women's land rights, increasing female extension agents, introducing labor-saving technologies, and investing in market interventions to improve women's access and asset base. Case studies show promising examples of projects that have successfully addressed gender.
Gender Analysis of Honey Value Chain can identify points of intervention for upgrading Value Chain in order to improve lives of people and pull them out of poverty. Gender analysis helps to understand how women and men are involved in the value chain processes, what are the constraining factors for women, and how those can be overcome. The upgrading of value chain will benefit women and families economically.
This document provides an overview of gender mainstreaming policies and initiatives in Pakistan. It begins with a historical perspective on women's rights from international conferences and commitments. It then outlines Pakistan's national commitments in its constitution as well as key policy frameworks and measures to promote gender equality, such as establishing a Ministry of Women's Development and reserving seats for women in national and provincial assemblies. However, it notes that while laws guarantee equal rights, women remain marginalized in practice due to social, cultural and economic barriers. The document provides this information to highlight policies that support gender mainstreaming in Pakistan.
Strategy and plan of action for mainstreaming gender in ILRIILRI
1. Women comprise 43% of the agricultural workforce in developing countries and account for two-thirds of the world's 600 million poor livestock keepers. However, women have limited access to extension services, technologies, and markets.
2. Integrating gender considerations throughout the project cycle, from design to implementation to evaluation, is important for ensuring gender equality and equity outcomes.
3. ILRI aims to mainstream gender in its organizational structure, research, and partnerships to promote equality of opportunities and outcomes for women and men in the livestock sector. Key areas of focus include documenting gender evidence, collecting sex-disaggregated data, and strategic research on topics like gender and value
this slide contains some definition of social capital, types of social capital, dimensions, advantages and also disadvantages of social capital also you can find how social capital works
Women, men and the management of forests and landscapesCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by CIFOR Scientist Amy Duchelle on 14 December 2016 at a side event on Mainstreaming Gender Equality and Social Inclusion at CBD COP13 in Cancun, Mexico.
This document discusses key concepts related to gender, participatory research approaches, and transformative gender research. It defines terms like sex, gender, gender equality, gender equity, gender division of labor, and gender relations. It also discusses the principles and levels of participatory research, from passive participation to interactive and self-motivated participation. Transformative gender research is defined as integrating efforts to address gender disparities in access and control over resources with actions to address underlying social norms and power relations.
KENYA’S FOOD SECURITY, CAUSES AND STAKEHOLDERS IN FOOD SECURITY Jack Onyisi Abebe
A food secure population can meet its consumption needs during the given consumption period by using strategies that do not compromise future food security
A Gender Transformative Approach: Why what and how?CGIAR
This presentation was given by Cynthia McDougall (WorldFish Center), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
main streaming gender in extension- issues and perspectivesMurali Krishnan L
The document discusses mainstreaming gender in agricultural extension. It notes that women currently earn only 10% of the world's income yet produce 44% of the world's food. It outlines women's significant roles in agricultural activities like land preparation, seed cleaning, and post-harvest work. The importance of women in agriculture for goals like poverty elimination and food security is discussed. Constraints women farmers face include poor access to resources, information, markets, and decision making. The document advocates for mainstreaming gender through strategies like organizing women's groups, increasing access to training, credit, and technologies. It also discusses the role of self-help groups in empowering women and improving their economic opportunities.
We’re getting serious about poverty
What we have done in the past has not been too successful: a search for something more effective
Initially: “direct impact on the poor”
Later: a more analytical understanding
Presented by Kathleen Earl Colverson at the Africa RISING Integrating Gender into Agricultural Programming training, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18-20 August 2014
A trainer's manual" (available at http://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/33426)
The document discusses gender analysis in agriculture and allied sectors. It notes that women farmers contribute significantly to global food security but are often excluded from access to resources and decision making. Gender analysis aims to understand differences in men and women's roles, skills, access to resources and priorities. This helps overcome barriers, promote equal opportunities and ensure technologies do not negatively impact women. The document provides several case studies showing how commercialization can change traditional gender roles and impact women's livelihoods. It emphasizes the importance of understanding local gender norms and involving both men and women for agricultural interventions to be successful.
This document discusses the importance of conducting a gender analysis of agricultural value chains. It defines key terms like gender, value chains, and provides a preliminary map of a typical honey value chain. The document outlines why focusing on gender is significant, presenting a theory of change for knowledge-based gender-transformative agricultural development. It notes that current knowledge and practices around gender and agricultural value chains is scattered and identifies gaps that need to be addressed through collaborative and participatory efforts.
Gender mainstreaming at ATA: Current and future directionsILRI
Presented by Zemzem Muhammed, EATA at the Livestock and Fish Gender Working Group Workshop and Planning Meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 14-18 October 2013
Women’s Participation in Agricultural Cooperatives in Ethiopiaessp2
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) Seminar Series. April 12, 2013. Addis Ababa University
1) The document describes a campaign called "AM IN 4 PEACE" that aims to promote peace in Kenya through pledge cards, media campaigns, and grassroots outreach.
2) It provides background on the 2007 election violence in Kenya that killed over 1,300 people and displaced over 300,000.
3) The campaign hopes to get Kenyans to pledge to uphold peace and constitutional rights in the lead up to upcoming elections to prevent renewed violence.
Kevin Darling, web editor of Amnesty International, presents the Reach out for Kenya campaign on Facebook.
Forum Alternative Channel
Barcelona 30/04/08
Gender Analysis of Honey Value Chain can identify points of intervention for upgrading Value Chain in order to improve lives of people and pull them out of poverty. Gender analysis helps to understand how women and men are involved in the value chain processes, what are the constraining factors for women, and how those can be overcome. The upgrading of value chain will benefit women and families economically.
This document provides an overview of gender mainstreaming policies and initiatives in Pakistan. It begins with a historical perspective on women's rights from international conferences and commitments. It then outlines Pakistan's national commitments in its constitution as well as key policy frameworks and measures to promote gender equality, such as establishing a Ministry of Women's Development and reserving seats for women in national and provincial assemblies. However, it notes that while laws guarantee equal rights, women remain marginalized in practice due to social, cultural and economic barriers. The document provides this information to highlight policies that support gender mainstreaming in Pakistan.
Strategy and plan of action for mainstreaming gender in ILRIILRI
1. Women comprise 43% of the agricultural workforce in developing countries and account for two-thirds of the world's 600 million poor livestock keepers. However, women have limited access to extension services, technologies, and markets.
2. Integrating gender considerations throughout the project cycle, from design to implementation to evaluation, is important for ensuring gender equality and equity outcomes.
3. ILRI aims to mainstream gender in its organizational structure, research, and partnerships to promote equality of opportunities and outcomes for women and men in the livestock sector. Key areas of focus include documenting gender evidence, collecting sex-disaggregated data, and strategic research on topics like gender and value
this slide contains some definition of social capital, types of social capital, dimensions, advantages and also disadvantages of social capital also you can find how social capital works
Women, men and the management of forests and landscapesCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by CIFOR Scientist Amy Duchelle on 14 December 2016 at a side event on Mainstreaming Gender Equality and Social Inclusion at CBD COP13 in Cancun, Mexico.
This document discusses key concepts related to gender, participatory research approaches, and transformative gender research. It defines terms like sex, gender, gender equality, gender equity, gender division of labor, and gender relations. It also discusses the principles and levels of participatory research, from passive participation to interactive and self-motivated participation. Transformative gender research is defined as integrating efforts to address gender disparities in access and control over resources with actions to address underlying social norms and power relations.
KENYA’S FOOD SECURITY, CAUSES AND STAKEHOLDERS IN FOOD SECURITY Jack Onyisi Abebe
A food secure population can meet its consumption needs during the given consumption period by using strategies that do not compromise future food security
A Gender Transformative Approach: Why what and how?CGIAR
This presentation was given by Cynthia McDougall (WorldFish Center), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
main streaming gender in extension- issues and perspectivesMurali Krishnan L
The document discusses mainstreaming gender in agricultural extension. It notes that women currently earn only 10% of the world's income yet produce 44% of the world's food. It outlines women's significant roles in agricultural activities like land preparation, seed cleaning, and post-harvest work. The importance of women in agriculture for goals like poverty elimination and food security is discussed. Constraints women farmers face include poor access to resources, information, markets, and decision making. The document advocates for mainstreaming gender through strategies like organizing women's groups, increasing access to training, credit, and technologies. It also discusses the role of self-help groups in empowering women and improving their economic opportunities.
We’re getting serious about poverty
What we have done in the past has not been too successful: a search for something more effective
Initially: “direct impact on the poor”
Later: a more analytical understanding
Presented by Kathleen Earl Colverson at the Africa RISING Integrating Gender into Agricultural Programming training, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18-20 August 2014
A trainer's manual" (available at http://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/33426)
The document discusses gender analysis in agriculture and allied sectors. It notes that women farmers contribute significantly to global food security but are often excluded from access to resources and decision making. Gender analysis aims to understand differences in men and women's roles, skills, access to resources and priorities. This helps overcome barriers, promote equal opportunities and ensure technologies do not negatively impact women. The document provides several case studies showing how commercialization can change traditional gender roles and impact women's livelihoods. It emphasizes the importance of understanding local gender norms and involving both men and women for agricultural interventions to be successful.
This document discusses the importance of conducting a gender analysis of agricultural value chains. It defines key terms like gender, value chains, and provides a preliminary map of a typical honey value chain. The document outlines why focusing on gender is significant, presenting a theory of change for knowledge-based gender-transformative agricultural development. It notes that current knowledge and practices around gender and agricultural value chains is scattered and identifies gaps that need to be addressed through collaborative and participatory efforts.
Gender mainstreaming at ATA: Current and future directionsILRI
Presented by Zemzem Muhammed, EATA at the Livestock and Fish Gender Working Group Workshop and Planning Meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 14-18 October 2013
Women’s Participation in Agricultural Cooperatives in Ethiopiaessp2
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) Seminar Series. April 12, 2013. Addis Ababa University
1) The document describes a campaign called "AM IN 4 PEACE" that aims to promote peace in Kenya through pledge cards, media campaigns, and grassroots outreach.
2) It provides background on the 2007 election violence in Kenya that killed over 1,300 people and displaced over 300,000.
3) The campaign hopes to get Kenyans to pledge to uphold peace and constitutional rights in the lead up to upcoming elections to prevent renewed violence.
Kevin Darling, web editor of Amnesty International, presents the Reach out for Kenya campaign on Facebook.
Forum Alternative Channel
Barcelona 30/04/08
The Change Initiative is a nonprofit organization in Nairobi, Kenya founded in 2008. It aims to empower young women and girls through education on reproductive health, life skills, HIV/AIDS, counseling, and entrepreneurship. It runs various programs like school outreach, camps, and skill-building workshops. It also provides counseling, referrals, and vocational training. The organization has trained over 50 peer educators and works with several schools and community groups.
This document contains a prayer called "The Great Invocation" which is repeated four times with slight variations each time. The prayer calls for light, love, purpose, and the divine plan of love and light to stream forth into and descend upon Kenya, so that love, peace and stability may be achieved in the country. It closes with affirmations of "So be it" in different languages, expressing hope for love, peace and stability in Kenya.
A strategy for mainstreaming gender: An example from a dairy feed value chain...ILRI
Presentation by E.M. Waithanji, T.N. Kiama, A.J. Sirma, D.M. Senerwa, J. Lindahl and D. Grace at the First African Regional Conference of the International Association on Ecology and Health (Africa 2013 Ecohealth), Grand Bassam, Côte d'Ivoire, 1-5 October 2013.
Observances of the UN International Day of Families, May 15, 2014, with the theme "Families Matter for the Achievement of Development Goals."
The Universal Peace Federation affirms the value of the family as the core unit of society. The family has formed the basis for communities, societies and civilizations throughout the ages. Virtually all the world’s religions teach the sacred value of marriage and family. The family is the school of love. It is also the school of virtue, ethics and citizenship.
The cohesion and stability of the family are prerequisites for a healthy and stable society. Conversely, the breakdown of the family contributes to a wide range of social problems. By strengthening the family, we can build a stronger base of social capital that will enhance the overall quality of life for everyone.
The natural family is grounded in marriage, the cornerstone of the family. Children benefit from having loving parents, a mother and father, who are committed to the well-being of their sons and daughters. There is no greater joy and no greater responsibility than that of raising boys and girls to become mature, socially-engaged and successful men and women. This is the role and responsibility of parents and grandparents.
Traditional marriage and family are being challenged in a variety of ways at this time in history, by poverty, migration, displacement, urbanization, conflict, disease, etc. In addition, some question the value of traditional marriage and family. Others seek to redefine them. Despite these challenges, men and women the world over still aspire to build strong, loving, lasting marriages and, as parents, to raise children who prosper and flourish.
This document summarizes a student project analyzing social media data from Kenya's 2013 elections to study the impact of "dangerous speech" and determine if social media would propagate violence as it did in 2007. The project monitored tweets around election time with hashtags like #KenyaDecides, searching for terms like "riot" and "peace" by location. Preliminary results found most tweets promoted peace, avoiding repeats of 2007 violence, though some unrest occurred after results. Word clouds and networks showed popular words discussed the election without inciting hatred. The project concluded social media can facilitate peace and non-violent political discourse.
Each month, join us as we highlight and discuss hot topics ranging from the future of higher education to wearable technology, best productivity hacks and secrets to hiring top talent. Upload your SlideShares, and share your expertise with the world!
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SlideShares that inform, inspire and educate attract the most views. Beyond that, ideas for what you can upload are limitless. We’ve selected a few popular examples to get your creative juices flowing.
SlideShare is a global platform for sharing presentations, infographics, videos and documents. It has over 18 million pieces of professional content uploaded by experts like Eric Schmidt and Guy Kawasaki. The document provides tips for setting up an account on SlideShare, uploading content, optimizing it for searchability, and sharing it on social media to build an audience and reputation as a subject matter expert.
Livestock ownership, market participation and household cash incomeILRI
Presented by Berhanu Gebremedhin, Mengistu Woldehanna, Fiona Flintan, Barbara Wieland and Jane Poole at the Validation Workshop, Addis Ababa, 28 February 2019
This document summarizes a presentation on breeding systems for sheep and goats. It discusses purebreeding, inbreeding/linebreeding, outcrossing, crossbreeding, and heterosis. Specific breeding systems covered include two-breed crosses, rotational crosses, and terminal crosses. Advantages of crossbreeding include hybrid vigor, utilizing complementarity between breeds, and producing a uniform product. The document provides examples of historic sheep and goat breeds and influential breeders like Robert Bakewell.
This document summarizes Jon Hoek's presentation on transparency and agri-tourism at Belstra Milling Company. Some key points:
- Belstra is a producer partner with Clemens Food Group and operates a farm-to-table brand for a restaurant.
- Their farm, Fair Oaks Farms, receives 130,000 visitors annually and provides insight into consumer perceptions of agriculture.
- Belstra has 15,000 sows, produces 400,000 pigs annually, and influences 80,000 additional pigs through genetics.
- They operate feed mills that produce 160,000 tons of feed annually and supply feed to 250,000 pigs and 80,000 dairy cows.
- Fair Oaks
The document provides an overview of sustainable goat production, covering feeding, health, and pasture management. Goats are ruminants that thrive on pasture, utilizing brush and vegetation inaccessible to cattle. Integrating goats into grazing systems improves land quality and income. Proper fencing and rotational grazing are necessary to prevent overgrazing and allow forage regrowth. Management intensive grazing maximizes forage quality and grazing capacity.
This document discusses the changing dynamics of the dairy sector in India. It provides key statistics on milk production, consumption, and the livestock population. It also outlines some of the major concerns for the dairy industry like inadequate veterinary services and inputs. Additionally, the document analyzes existing dairy supply chain models, including strong organized systems like Amul, weak organized systems, and traditional dudhiya systems. Regulatory environment changes that allow more private investment in the dairy sector are also covered.
This document summarizes three dairy cattle farming systems:
1. Grazing system - cattle graze on natural or improved pasture with minimal supplemental feeding. Requires least inputs.
2. Grazing with supplemental feeding - cattle graze and receive supplemental crops/concentrates when housed. More production than grazing alone but requires more labor and inputs.
3. Zero grazing - cattle are housed and all feed is brought to them. Highest production potential but also highest labor and investment requirements. Choice of system depends on factors like climate, land availability, labor, and market access. Intensification increases production but also costs and risks which must be carefully considered.
This document summarizes research on animal fattening practices and opportunities for improvement. It discusses how fattening operations have grown in places like Ethiopia and Kenya. Research from Niger and Mali shows the profitability of fattening sheep and cattle using different feed mixes. Locally available feeds like cowpea, moringa, and others show potential. Price differentials based on animal conformation indicate opportunities for value addition through fattening. Further research on least cost rations and introduction of suitable fodder crops could help smallholders benefit from animal fattening. Near infrared spectroscopy training and understanding long-term land use trends may also support improved practices.
Use of artcificial insemination to improve goat meat production in nepal. n. ...ExternalEvents
- The document discusses a goat breeding program in Nepal that uses artificial insemination with Boer goats to improve meat production.
- The program establishes a nucleus herd of purebred Boer goats at government research farms to produce crossbred offspring through artificial insemination. These crossbred bucks are then distributed to breeder farmers to produce more crossbred offspring to distribute to beneficiary farmers.
- The program aims to increase annual meat production per doe through selecting high-producing indigenous breeds and crossbreeding with the productive Boer breed. It establishes networks between the nucleus farms and breeder farmers to multiply and distribute crossbred genetics widely.
Goat breeds of india history, development and classificationMahadevappa Gouri
This document provides information on goat breeds in India, including their history, development, domestication, characteristics, and classification. It discusses several important Indian goat breeds such as Sirohi, Marwari, Beetal, and Jhakrana. For each breed, it describes their distribution, conformation/appearance, flock structure, reproduction rates, mortality rates, breeding practices, and milk production performance. The document also covers the scientific classification of goats and notes that goats were among the earliest domesticated animals beginning around 6000-7000 BC in western Asia.
Characterization of local chicken production and management systems in Babati...ILRI
Poster prepared by L J Marwa, B Lukuyu, S H Mbaga, S K Mutayoba and M Bekunda for the Tropentag 2016 Conference on Solidarity in a Competing World—Fair Use of Resources, Vienna, Austria, 19–21 September 2016
This document provides information on the morphometric characteristics and productivity of two goat breeds, Barbari and Chokla, and one sheep breed, Chokla. For the Barbari breed, it describes their distribution, conformation, weight and height measurements, kidding rates, milk production, meat growth rates, and carcass composition. For the Chokla goat, it outlines their physical characteristics and wool production. Finally, it lists various metrics for the Chokla sheep breed including weight, wool fiber traits, reproductive rates, mortality rates, and carcass traits.
The document provides an overview of the pig industry and pig production. It discusses the history and origins of pig farming, important pig breeds, factors that influence pig production, the pig breeding cycle and targets for productivity. Pig farming has a long history and plays an important role in many countries by converting waste into meat. Modern pig production has become highly specialized and efficient at producing meat through selective breeding and specialized housing and feeding systems. Crossbreeding is used to improve traits of economic importance like growth rate and litter size.
A framework for exploring rural futures through collective learning. M Wedder...Joanna Hicks
This document presents a framework for exploring rural futures through collective learning. It identifies key drivers of change for rural systems, including production efficiency, product quality, natural resource management, biosecurity, markets, climate change, and urban influence. The objectives are to build capacity for exploring strategies and policies, facilitate stakeholder interaction, and use participatory modeling to stimulate collective learning about future scenarios. A case study applying this framework with a study group in Manawatu, New Zealand is also discussed.
Internal Parasite Management in Pasture-Based SheepLaura DeYoung
Internal parasites (GI worms) are the primary health problem affecting sheep. The barber pole worm (Haemonchus contortus) is the worm of primary concern. It is a blood-sucking parasite that causes blood and protein loss (anemia) and edema (“bottle jaw”). Worms have developed resistance to most of the anthelmintics (dewormers). Therefore, it is important to worm only as needed. Bringing sheep onto “virgin land” require careful consideration when managing parasites. Studies have found that they can survive on a site for 180 after sheep leave. Rotational grazing is important, not only to have an intensive controlled “mow”, but in controlling parasites.
This document discusses how family poultry development can help achieve the UN Millennium Development Goals. It describes how small livestock like poultry, rabbits, and pigs can help reduce poverty and hunger by providing nutrition, income generation opportunities, and a way to cope with economic shocks for poor families. Keeping small livestock can also help achieve universal primary education by generating cash for school fees, promote gender equality by empowering women, and reduce child mortality by improving nutrition. The document analyzes data showing the impacts family poultry programs have had in increasing incomes, consumption of animal products, and supporting livelihoods in countries like Afghanistan and Bangladesh.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Preventing the next pandemic: a 12-slide primer on emerging zoonotic diseasesILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
Preventing preventable diseases: a 12-slide primer on foodborne diseaseILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
Preventing a post-antibiotic era: a 12-slide primer on antimicrobial resistanceILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
The Food Safety Working Group (FSWG) in Vietnam was created in 2015 at the request of the Deputy Prime Minister to address food safety issues in the country. It brings together government agencies, ministries, and development partners to facilitate joint policy dialogue and improve food safety. Over eight years of operations led by different organizations, the FSWG has contributed to various initiatives. However, it faces challenges of diminished government participation over time and dependence on active members. Going forward, it will strengthen its operations by integrating under Vietnam's One Health Partnership framework to better engage stakeholders and achieve policy impacts.
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
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1. Key Gender and Livelihood Issues in Livestock
Production, Management and Marketing
Jemimah Njuki
Team Leader: Poverty, Gender and Impact
FAO-ILRI Workshop on Integrating Gender in Livestock Projects and
Programs, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 22-25 November 2011
2. Key Gender and Livestock Issues
• Livestock’s contribution to
household assets
• Livestock’s contribution to income
• Patterns of livestock ownership
• Men and Women’s role in livestock
keeping
• Access to services, information
and technologies
• Men and Women’s participation in
livestock markets
• Links between
gender, livestock, food
security, nutrition and health
4. Livestock as an asset?
Livestock, especially small stock, form a critical
rung on the asset ladder out of poverty
Livestock are among the few assets women can
own
Livestock are “productive” assets; livestock and
their products contribute to food and income
security
Livestock as a social asset..
5. Contribution of livestock to household assets
• Livestock an important asset contributing 55% of the total asset index for all households (52.7%
male headed households and 68% for female headed households) in Kenya
• Similar trends in Tanzania, with livestock contributing to 69% of all households asset index, and
68% and 75% for male and female headed households respectively.
Total domestic % of
Total HH Total livestock and livestock livestock to
Household Type index index index total index
Kenya Male-headed 97.14 51.28 Kenya Men 41.01 21.5
Female-headed 43.07 29.31 Women 16.68 22.5
Total 83.35 45.67 Joint 60.35 36
Tanzania Male-headed 105.6 72.2 Tanzania Men 41.80 46.6
Female-headed 49.9 37.6 Women 11.42 18.3
Total 95.7 66 Joint 58.47 24.2
• Within male headed households, women held 10.2% and 13.9% of the total domestic and
livestock assets in Tanzania and Kenya respectively.
• For women, this represented 22.5% and 18.3% of the non land asset index under their
ownership
• Gender asset disparity of 0.27 in Tanzania and 0.41 in Kenya. This does not take into account
jointly held assets
6. Household ownership of livestock – Male and Female
headed households
• Local chickens and dairy cows were the most commonly owned livestock
species in Kenya
• In Tanzania, local chicken, goats and pigs were the most common species
• There were no big differences in proportion of male and female headed
households owning different species.
7. Livestock holdings in male and female headed
households
Kenya
Male- Female- • Female headed households had
headed headed
Livestock Mean Mean T- significantly smaller numbers of
statistic cattle, chicken (local, improved)
Bee Hives 3.71 3 0.966
Dairy Cattle 2.64 2.08 2.074** compared to their male
Exotic chicken 187 14 2.487** counterparts
(Broilers)
Exotic chicken 56.32 11.4 2.26**
(Layers)
Goats 6.15 4.64 0.752 • Similar results in Tanzania
Local chicken 13.43 8.98 1.859**
Other cattle 2.47 2.75 -0.182
Pigs 6.33 5.5 0.195
Sheep 4.06 3.28 1.011
8. Livestock ownership: Men and women within male
headed households
Kenya Tanzania
Men and women in male headed Men and women in male headed
households households
Men Women Joint Livestock type Men women Jointly
Bee Hives 3.8 1.3 3.5
Bee Hives 7.8 3.0 21.3
Dairy Cattle 3.0 1.5 2.6 Dairy Cattle 3.5 4.0 6.1
Exotic
8.0 350.0 191.0 Exotic chicken
(Broilers) 258.0 156.7 100.0
(Broilers)
Exotic
70.0 56.5 48.3
(Layers)
Exotic chicken
Goats 11.2 3.9 4.7 200.0 - 346.5
(Layers)
Local chicken
19.1 15.7 9.9 Goats 8.6 3.4 8.9
Local chicken 22.8 39.7 23.3
Other cattle 1.7 1.0 2.7
Other cattle 9.1 2.0 5.4
Pigs 5.7 - 7.0
Pigs 4.0 2.4 4.1
Sheep 4.4 2.3 3.8 Sheep 5.2 6.0 6.3
In the two countries, women had lower numbers of every livestock species than men in
male headed households with the exception of chicken in Kenya and Tanzania and Dairy in
Tanzania.
9. How do women gain and maintain
control over livestock?
• Women are less likely than men to
acquire animals in the
marketplace.
• Threats:
– Drought and disease
– Dissolution of the household
– Commercialization?
10. Means of acquisition of livestock by women
• Despite other
evidence, across species, the
main means of livestock
acquisition by women was
through purchase
• In Tanzania, overall, about
50% of livestock owned by
women was through
purchase
• For, goats, other cattle and
local chicken, born into the
herd was a common source
for women
12. Contribution of livestock to household cash income
• Livestock contributed 35% of
cash income in Tanzania and 55%
in Kenya
• Contributed more to income in
female headed households than
male headed households
• Variation in contribution by
income quartile across the 2
countries
14. • Women provide a large share of the labor in
livestock keeping, especially in mixed
systems and poor households
• Women’s priorities and constraints are
often, but not always, different from men’s
15. Women’s role in livestock keeping
• Women often control 70
products even where 60
they don’t control 50
% housheolds
40
animals 30
• For example, women 20
10
often control some or 0
all milk even if they Morning Milk
Male Female Mixed
Evening Milk
can’t decide where
the cow is grazed or
whether it is sold.
16. Roles
• Division of rights and responsibilities
affects incentive and ability to adopt
new technologies and practices to
increase production and productivity.
• We need to understand this better to
develop appropriate technologies and
design more effective interventions.
18. Participation & registration in
Cooperatives
-Few dairy farmers registered in
Cooperative
Very few women
participated in
Cooperatives
-None in Uganda
-27% of registered
members in Kenya
22. Women’s participation in markets
• Sale of livestock and
livestock products are
often an important
source of income for
women
• Men and women face
different constraints in
marketing
23. • Women are more likely to sell in informal, local
markets
• Women’s marketing costs are often higher than
men’s:
– Information—women face higher costs, but
groups can help
– Most often have to pay male intermediaries
24. Who mainly sold livestock and livestock
products?
• High participation of women in sale of livestock products (eggs and milk) and very low
participation in sale of livestock (cattle, sheep, goats)
• Differentiation between ownership and management. Even in cases where women do not
own the livestock, they are involved in the sale of products but not the sale of the livestock
itself
26. Common markets accessed by men and women
• Most commonly sold to markets by women
were sales at farm gate to other farmers or
traders (for chicken, eggs, milk and honey)
• Women rarely made sales to city markets, or
delivered to shops, collection centres or chilling
plants ( milk)
• Men made more deliveries to shops/ hotels
/kiosks and other outlets
• In Kenya women had more options for markets
than in Tanzania
• Chicken, eggs and milk had more market options
than products such as honey
27. Income management by men, women in male
headed households
• In Kenya, low income
management by women across
species and products
• In Tanzania, more income from
chicken, milk and honey
managed by women compared
to Kenya
28. Variation in income share depending on where sold
• Women managed a
higher income share
when product was sold
at farm gate compared
to when sold at village
markets or delivered to
traders
• Differences less clear for
sales of sheep, goats
and cattle due to
ownership patterns
29. Variation in income share depending on who sold
• When women sold (physically or did the transaction), they managed a higher
income share (for both products and species)
31. Gender, Livestock, and Nutrition
"Even small additional amounts of meat and milk can
provide the same level of nutrients, protein, and
calories to the poor that a large and diverse amount
of vegetables and cereals could provide”
“The Cow Turns Green,” Newsweek, September 7, 2009
• Livestock ownership alone is not sufficient to ensure
consumption of animal source foods (ASF)
• Women play a key role in household choices about
food consumption, dietary quality, and intra-
household allocation.
• Women’s status is key to making good choices here
32. Women, Livestock and Health
• Many important diseases are zoonotic, and
food safety can be a major issue with animal
source foods
• A gendered risk assessment found:
– Women’s higher exposure to high-risk activities
such as feeding, milking, and cleaning of livestock
– Women and men exposed to different diseases, by
species
– Women much more exposed to food-borne
diseases because of role in food and by-product
processing, food preparation, and selling ready to
eat
33. Livestock production and human
nutrition? What do we know?
Its complex! test
Land allocation
to feed -
+
-
+ Food crop
Traction, nutrient production
cycling
+
Animal & +
+ product sales
Animal Food crop sales
production +
Animals +
+ owned HH +
Labor allocated Income
to livestock + Food crop
purchases
Health + + test
+ Chronic
inputs disease risk + ASF purchases
Probability of +
zoonotic disease + HH ASF
+ Environmental toxin consumption +
concentration +
Water +
contamination HH crop
Food-borne consumption
diseases
+ - - + +
-
- +
Dietary
- Human health Human intake
status nutritional
(growth) status +
+
+
Total labor + Level of care/feeding
demands behavior
+
Labor demands on
(female) caregiver
Figure. Hypothesized causal linkages between livestock keeping and human nutrition and health outcomes among the poor
(adapted from Nicholson et al., 2003). ASF = animal-source food; HH = household (Randolph et al. 2007)
34. Direct Nutrition Benefits
Intermediate determinants of child
nutritional status
Breast Feeding and weaning practices
Food intake patterns and practices (diet
diversity and food frequencies)
Intra-household food allocation
Nutrition knowledge, attitudes and
practices
35. Intensification and Household Consumption
• Key indicators
– Proportion of milk kept for consumption from total
production
– Proportion of evening milk kept for consumption
Emerging Advanced
Mean daily milk production, in liters 3.2 10.8
Mean daily milk consumption, in liters 2.0 4.9
Proportion of households keeping all of evening milk for 93.5 74.2
consumption
36. GENDER, LIVESTOCK AND FOOD SECURITY
Livestock and food security: Calculated variables
• Household/Individual dietary diversity score
(HDDS/IDDS)
– Takes a value of 0-1 and is measured based on a 24 hour recall
– Can also be used to calculate proportion of households consuming
at least one animal source food per day
• Food consumption score
– Based on consumption of food groups
– Each food group is weighted
– Contribution of meat, fish and milk to the food consumption score
• Months of adequate household food provisioning
(MAHFP)-
– Measured over a 12 month recall period
37. Women’s ownership of livestock and food
security
Tanzania HDDS MIHFP
• Women’s ownership
women women of dairy cattle and
women women
do not do not
own
own
T-values own
own
T-values chicken influenced
livestock livestock
livestock livestock HDDS in both Kenya
Dairy cattle 0.69 0.55 1.44** 11 8.77 3.67 ** and Tanzania
Exotic chicken 0.58 0.55 2.8 *** 11.5 8.77 5.08*
Local chicken 0.63 0.55 0.92 8.84 8.67 0.416
Goats 0.51 0.56 0.35 8.5 8.83 0.51
• In Kenya ownership
Kenya HDDS MIHFP of local chicken and
women women t-values women women t-values goats also
own do not own do not influenced HDDS
livestock own livestoc own
livestock k livestock
Dairy cattle 0.73 0.65 3.105*** 4.3 5.8 2.272**
Exotic chicken 0.82 0.66 4.376*** 3.7 5.5 1.689
Local chicken 0.71 0.66 2.118** 5.3 5.4 0.242
Goats 0.61 0.69 2.564** 5.1 5.4 0.403
38. Household Economics
Changes in income
and income share
generated by dairy
activities
Income
expenditure on
food
Allocation of milk
production to own
consumption vs
sale
39. Gender mediated interventions
Changes in women’s roles with
introduction /intensification of livestock
production especially in terms of time
allocation (care giver time)
Decision making in relation to use of
milk and income allocation
Expenditure patterns-food and health
input purchases
Access to training, nutrition
information, livestock assets
40. Impact of Dairy on Primary Caregiver’s Time:
Time spent on daily activities over intensification levels
Average Time Spent on Daily Activities (in minutes)
No Cow Emerging Advanced
Childcare Activities 201.0 227.5 219.4
Income Generating 281.9 283.9 275.5
Activities
Cattle Activities 15.3 112.1 56.9
41. Public Health
Health related determinants of
child nutritional status (healthcare
expenditure and health seeking
behaviour
Disease risk profiling
Syndromic surveillance
Access to public health services
and information
Editor's Notes
In Kenya, in 89%, 71% and 63% of the households eggs milk and chicken were mainly sold by women. In Tanzania, in 66.7%, 53.3% and 40.7% of the households, eggs, milk and chicken were mainly sold by women.In very few households did women sell live animals (11.1% for cattle and 8.8% for sheep and goats)
For example 46% of income from milk was managed by women in Tanzania
Present hypotheses first and the logic behind focus and hypotheses
Slide on pathwayHypothesis of pathwayHow it was tested/key indicatorsFGD (overall conclusion and support from FGD and survey)QuantitativeConclusions<25 slides for the presentation