2. Contents Cardiac cycle Maintenance of heartbeat Principles governing blood circulation Cardiovascular disease Lymphatic system Blood composition and function
10. Average adult Q = HR x SV =70 beats/min x 75 mL/beat = 5.25 L/min Maximum HR = 200-your age Training heart rate is 75% MHR e.g. 200-15 = 185 * 0.75 = 139 beats/min 20 minutes, 3x a week
11. Pulse Stretching of arteries as an effect of heartbeat Pressure waves moving the artery walls when blood moves into aorta Usually accurate measure of heart rate Normal resting pulse is 60-100 bpm Common pulse points 1. Temporal artery 3. Carotid artery 4. Brachial artery 5. Radial artery
13. Physical principles governing blood circulation Blood flow velocity Aorta (30 cm/s) Capillaries (0.026 cm/s) Law of continuity Volume of flow per second must be constant through the entire pipe Total cross-sectional area of the capillaries determines flow rate Blood flow slows down in capillary beds
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15. Osmotic pressure – amount of pressure required to prevent diffusion of water
29. Lymphatic System Functions Returns excess body fluid to blood Transports fats from intestines to blood Defense Anatomy Lymph nodes scattered throughout body (thymus, spleen) Vessels
30. Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular disease (>50% of all deaths) Heart attack- death of cardiac tissue due to coronary blockage Stroke- death of nervous tissue in brain due to arterial blockage Atherosclerosis: arterial plaques deposit Arteriosclerosis: plaque hardening by calcium deposits Hypertension: high blood pressure Hypercholesterolemia: LDL, HDL
Editor's Notes
Influenced by nerves (vagus nerve – acetylcholine, epinephrine), hormones, and body temp.
Nerves, muscle, hormone control
Negative feedback mechanismErythropoietin produced in liver (low O2) stimulates marrow cells
