,
preparing informative and influential report
,
report writing
,
determining the report purpose
,
determining the factors
,
general guideline for conducting a research
,
appropriate attitudes and practices
,
researching and writing report
The document provides guidance on writing business reports. It discusses defining the problem and purpose, gathering and interpreting relevant information, and organizing the report. The key aspects covered include establishing a problem statement and purpose statement, determining relevant factors to investigate, collecting and analyzing data, and outlining the report structure in a logical manner using headings and subheadings. Proper interpretation of findings and an objective tone are also emphasized.
A short report provides concise information on a topic in an organized manner. It communicates operational details within an organization to keep employees informed and ensure work is progressing as planned. A short report typically includes a title page, abstract or summary, introduction, background, discussion, conclusion, and recommendations sections. It uses a simple format and style to communicate key facts in a clear and direct manner.
Planning involves defining the organization's goals, establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals, and developing plans for organizational work activities. ... reducing uncertainty, minimizing waste and redundancy, and establishing the goals or standards used in controlling.
↓↓↓↓ Read More:
Watch my videos on snack here: --> --> http://sck.io/x-B1f0Iy
@ Kindly Follow my Instagram Page to discuss about your mental health problems-
-----> https://instagram.com/mentality_streak?utm_medium=copy_link
@ Appreciate my work:
-----> behance.net/burhanahmed1
Thank-you !
Types of planning, its goals and objectives.Vaibhav Sagar
This document discusses different types of planning including corporate, functional, operational, long term, short term, proactive, reactive, formal, and informal planning. It provides examples for each type. The key goals and objectives of planning are to bring certainty to future events, provide specific directions, allow for forecasting, bring economy to managerial operations, help attain predetermined goals, and gain an advantage over competitors. Planning turns an organization's mission and vision into measurable targets and helps ensure goals are achieved.
The “Course Topics” series from Manage Train Learn and Slide Topics is a collection of over 4000 slides that will help you master a wide range of management and personal development skills. The 202 PowerPoints in this series offer you a complete and in-depth study of each topic. This presentation is on "The Selection Interview".
The document discusses Graicunas theory on span of management. Graicunas proposed a formula to determine the optimal number of subordinates a manager can manage based on the relationships that need to be managed. There are three types of relationships - direct single, direct group, and cross relationships. The total number of relationships increases geometrically with each additional subordinate. According to Graicunas' formula, the span of control is optimal when a manager can effectively manage the direct, group, and cross relationships between themselves and their subordinates. Factors like the nature of work, skills of subordinates, time availability, and control mechanisms also influence the ideal span of management.
This document discusses the importance of strategy and competitive advantage. It defines strategy as determining where a company wants to go, how it will get there based on its current situation, and how it will outcompete rivals. A company crafts strategy to improve performance, strengthen its position, and gain a sustainable advantage. The three tests a winning strategy must pass are the fit test, competitive advantage test, and performance test. Good strategy and execution together equal good management.
Inter office memorandum and informal (short) reportSadiq Ur Rehman
The document provides guidance on how to write an inter-office memorandum or informal report. It discusses the purpose and audience of memos, the typical parts of a memo including the heading, opening, context, task, summary, discussion, and closing segments. It also covers formatting guidelines such as allocating different portions of the memo to each segment and using headings, lists, and attachments to aid the reader. The overall document serves as a reference for properly structuring, formatting, and writing an effective inter-office memo or short report.
The document provides guidance on writing business reports. It discusses defining the problem and purpose, gathering and interpreting relevant information, and organizing the report. The key aspects covered include establishing a problem statement and purpose statement, determining relevant factors to investigate, collecting and analyzing data, and outlining the report structure in a logical manner using headings and subheadings. Proper interpretation of findings and an objective tone are also emphasized.
A short report provides concise information on a topic in an organized manner. It communicates operational details within an organization to keep employees informed and ensure work is progressing as planned. A short report typically includes a title page, abstract or summary, introduction, background, discussion, conclusion, and recommendations sections. It uses a simple format and style to communicate key facts in a clear and direct manner.
Planning involves defining the organization's goals, establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals, and developing plans for organizational work activities. ... reducing uncertainty, minimizing waste and redundancy, and establishing the goals or standards used in controlling.
↓↓↓↓ Read More:
Watch my videos on snack here: --> --> http://sck.io/x-B1f0Iy
@ Kindly Follow my Instagram Page to discuss about your mental health problems-
-----> https://instagram.com/mentality_streak?utm_medium=copy_link
@ Appreciate my work:
-----> behance.net/burhanahmed1
Thank-you !
Types of planning, its goals and objectives.Vaibhav Sagar
This document discusses different types of planning including corporate, functional, operational, long term, short term, proactive, reactive, formal, and informal planning. It provides examples for each type. The key goals and objectives of planning are to bring certainty to future events, provide specific directions, allow for forecasting, bring economy to managerial operations, help attain predetermined goals, and gain an advantage over competitors. Planning turns an organization's mission and vision into measurable targets and helps ensure goals are achieved.
The “Course Topics” series from Manage Train Learn and Slide Topics is a collection of over 4000 slides that will help you master a wide range of management and personal development skills. The 202 PowerPoints in this series offer you a complete and in-depth study of each topic. This presentation is on "The Selection Interview".
The document discusses Graicunas theory on span of management. Graicunas proposed a formula to determine the optimal number of subordinates a manager can manage based on the relationships that need to be managed. There are three types of relationships - direct single, direct group, and cross relationships. The total number of relationships increases geometrically with each additional subordinate. According to Graicunas' formula, the span of control is optimal when a manager can effectively manage the direct, group, and cross relationships between themselves and their subordinates. Factors like the nature of work, skills of subordinates, time availability, and control mechanisms also influence the ideal span of management.
This document discusses the importance of strategy and competitive advantage. It defines strategy as determining where a company wants to go, how it will get there based on its current situation, and how it will outcompete rivals. A company crafts strategy to improve performance, strengthen its position, and gain a sustainable advantage. The three tests a winning strategy must pass are the fit test, competitive advantage test, and performance test. Good strategy and execution together equal good management.
Inter office memorandum and informal (short) reportSadiq Ur Rehman
The document provides guidance on how to write an inter-office memorandum or informal report. It discusses the purpose and audience of memos, the typical parts of a memo including the heading, opening, context, task, summary, discussion, and closing segments. It also covers formatting guidelines such as allocating different portions of the memo to each segment and using headings, lists, and attachments to aid the reader. The overall document serves as a reference for properly structuring, formatting, and writing an effective inter-office memo or short report.
This document provides guidance on writing different types of business communication messages, including good news messages, announcements, transmittals, and more. It discusses organizing the message with a direct or indirect approach and includes templates for opening, closing, and organizing different message types. The document provides examples of direct requests, explanations, courteous closes, and more. Overall, the document aims to teach business communication best practices for concise, well-organized messages.
This document discusses organizational culture and change. It covers topics like how organizational culture relates to performance and innovation. It defines organizational culture and describes four main culture types: adhocracy, clan, market, and hierarchy. The document also discusses organizational change, factors that influence employees' commitment to change like communication and trust, and how culture and leadership can impact change success. It provides an example case study of a company integrating two teams from different departments and needing to manage organizational change. The company aims to study how leadership, communication, culture, systems, and satisfaction influence employees' commitment to change.
UNIT - III: PLANNING AND CONTROL: Concept- Process and Types; Decision making
concept and process; Bounded rationality; Management by objectives; Corporate Planning;
Environment analysis and Diagnosis; Strategy Formulations; Managerial Control- Concept
and process - Designing an Effective Control System - Techniques - Traditional and Modern
(PERT and CPM).
Strategies, policies and planning premisesBabak Mohajeri
This document discusses strategies, policies, and strategic planning. It covers the following key points in 3 sentences:
Strategies exist at the corporate, business unit, and functional levels and include a company's competitive moves, internal approaches, and action plans. Strategic planning involves analyzing the internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats, setting objectives, and crafting strategies to guide the organization. Effective implementation of strategies requires consideration of factors like technology, human resources, decision processes, and organizational culture.
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This document provides an overview of key principles and activities for effective change management in corporate transformations. It discusses (1) principles of change including that change is a process enabled not managed and behavioral change occurs at the emotional level, (2) five key activities for change management - motivating change, creating a vision, developing political support, managing the transition, and sustaining momentum, and (3) additional concepts like overcoming resistance to change, roles in organizational change, and skills needed by change agents.
This document provides an introduction to fundamental management concepts. It defines key terms like organization, management, and manager. It describes the main functions of management as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. It discusses different management levels and skills needed at each level. The history of management theories is reviewed, including scientific management, administrative management, and bureaucratic management. Classical and behavioral perspectives on management are compared. Contingency theory and the systems approach to management are also introduced.
This document provides guidance on the key components of a business letter, including the heading, date, inside address, greeting, body, closing, enclosures, and signature. It explains that business letters should be clear, concise, and easy to read while maintaining a formal tone. The various sections of a business letter are outlined and formatting recommendations are provided to ensure professional appearance and effective communication.
This document discusses business process reengineering (BPR) and related topics. It begins by defining BPR and noting that it aims for dramatic improvements in performance. Benchmarking is described as searching for best practices within or across industries. Process analysis involves documenting current processes, assessing performance, and developing recommendations. Tools for process analysis include flowcharts, failure mode and effects analysis, and mistake-proofing. The document also covers managing quality, including establishing quality policies and objectives. It emphasizes the role of management in reviewing quality systems and identifying opportunities for improvement. Finally, it discusses using incentives, motivation, and change management to support BPR efforts.
This document discusses various aspects of planning and decision making. It defines planning as setting objectives and determining courses of action to achieve goals while considering uncertainty. There are three types of uncertainty - state, effect, and response. The document outlines the importance of planning, classification of plans, types of plans including strategic, tactical, operational and business plans. It also discusses objectives, strategies, policies, procedures, rules, programs, budgets and provides examples of each. Lastly, it discusses reasons why planning may fail and provides an example of the planning process.
It can help to many student's or any people who are planning to build their own business. It can help them to improve their managerial or leadership skills in business.
The document discusses the concepts of organizing, including defining organizing as the process of arranging work, authority, and resources to achieve organizational goals. It covers principles of organization like unity of command and span of control, and different types of organizational structures such as functional, divisional, and matrix structures. The document also examines concepts related to organizing like responsibility, authority, and centralization versus decentralization.
The document discusses various aspects of planning and decision making for organizations. It defines planning as determining a future course of action to achieve objectives. A good plan should provide clear direction, be consistent, feasible, simple, and flexible. The planning process involves steps like identifying opportunities, setting objectives, identifying alternatives, and formulating supporting plans. Strategic planning sets long-term direction over 3-5 years while tactical planning focuses on short-term resource allocation. Management by objectives involves jointly setting goals and evaluating performance to achieve maximum results. Modern decision making techniques help organizations effectively plan and make choices.
Introduction To Management And Organization P O MZoha Qureshi
This document provides an introduction to management and organizations. It defines management as coordinating work activities to be completed efficiently and effectively through other people. The four main functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Managers perform various roles such as figurehead, leader, liaison, monitor, and decision maker. Management requires technical, human, and conceptual skills. Managers must coordinate interdependent parts and understand external factors as organizations are open systems that interact with their environment. Different management approaches are needed depending on contingency variables like organizational structure and technology. The document also defines an organization and explains why studying management is important and rewarding.
This document discusses key aspects of management decision making. It begins by explaining that management decision making involves a complex mix of knowledge, experience, creative thinking, and risk taking. It is often a rapid process. The document then discusses various types of managerial decisions, including programmed vs non-programmed decisions and proactive vs reactive decisions. It also outlines the typical steps in the decision making process, which include clarifying the problem, developing alternatives, evaluating options, implementing a decision, and assessing the results. Finally, it discusses factors that influence individual decision making such as the importance of the decision and a manager's tolerance for risk.
The document discusses controlling as a function of management. It describes perspectives on control including ensuring outcomes are as planned by comparing performance to standards. It also covers challenges managers face in controlling like coping with uncertainty. The purpose of control is outlined as helping the organization adapt to change, limit errors, and minimize costs. The steps in the control process are established standards, measure performance, compare to standards, and determine if corrective action is needed. Different types of control are described like preliminary and feedback control. Lastly, the characteristics of an effective control system are discussed as being accurate, timely, objective, and flexible.
This chapter discusses business organizations, stakeholders, and external factors that affect businesses. It covers the purpose and types of organizations, including commercial, not-for-profit, public sector, NGOs, and cooperatives. Stakeholders are defined as those with an interest in the organization, and are mapped based on their power and interest. Political and legal factors from global, national, and government levels influence organizations through laws, regulations, taxation, and economic policies.
This document provides guidance on writing effective bad news messages. It discusses that bad news messages inform readers of disappointing or unfavorable information. There are two categories of bad news messages: negative replies to requests and unfavorable unsolicited messages. The document recommends maintaining a positive attitude when writing bad news, and outlines two approaches - indirect or direct - for organizing a bad news message. The indirect approach buffers the bad news with pleasantries before providing an explanation and decision, while the direct approach states the bad news initially. Both should conclude on a positive note.
I created this presentation based on a similar presentation I found on SHRM’s website to teach an in-house seminar on goal setting.
Note: near the end of the presentation there appears to be a random slide of a Ford Pinto advertisement. I used it as a spring board into how the Ford Pinto story showcases goal setting gone bad. The story was completely oral, so…sorry, you had to be there.
This document provides an overview of business reports, including their definition, classification, and typical structure. It discusses the key parts of long formal reports, such as prefatory parts like the cover, title page, and table of contents. It also discusses supplemental parts like the appendix and bibliography. The document outlines different ways to classify reports based on their function, subject matter, formality, origin, and frequency. Finally, it provides guidance on outlining the report, using visual aids like headings and graphics, and properly referencing sources.
The document discusses the differences between academic essays and professional reports. It explains that reports are used to answer questions and solve problems through planning, research, organization, and presentation. The document outlines common report formats and types, including memos, letters, and manuscripts. It distinguishes between informational reports that present data, and analytical reports that include analysis, conclusions, and recommendations. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of writing reader-focused, persuasive, and ethical reports.
This document provides guidance on writing different types of business communication messages, including good news messages, announcements, transmittals, and more. It discusses organizing the message with a direct or indirect approach and includes templates for opening, closing, and organizing different message types. The document provides examples of direct requests, explanations, courteous closes, and more. Overall, the document aims to teach business communication best practices for concise, well-organized messages.
This document discusses organizational culture and change. It covers topics like how organizational culture relates to performance and innovation. It defines organizational culture and describes four main culture types: adhocracy, clan, market, and hierarchy. The document also discusses organizational change, factors that influence employees' commitment to change like communication and trust, and how culture and leadership can impact change success. It provides an example case study of a company integrating two teams from different departments and needing to manage organizational change. The company aims to study how leadership, communication, culture, systems, and satisfaction influence employees' commitment to change.
UNIT - III: PLANNING AND CONTROL: Concept- Process and Types; Decision making
concept and process; Bounded rationality; Management by objectives; Corporate Planning;
Environment analysis and Diagnosis; Strategy Formulations; Managerial Control- Concept
and process - Designing an Effective Control System - Techniques - Traditional and Modern
(PERT and CPM).
Strategies, policies and planning premisesBabak Mohajeri
This document discusses strategies, policies, and strategic planning. It covers the following key points in 3 sentences:
Strategies exist at the corporate, business unit, and functional levels and include a company's competitive moves, internal approaches, and action plans. Strategic planning involves analyzing the internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats, setting objectives, and crafting strategies to guide the organization. Effective implementation of strategies requires consideration of factors like technology, human resources, decision processes, and organizational culture.
project planning steps
steps of planning process
5 steps of planning process
the five step planning process
types of planning in management
steps in planning process pdf
5 step strategic planning process
examples of planning in management
examples of middle level managers
middle level manager definition
three types of planning
types of planning process
types of development planning
types of planning pdf
the five step planning process
project planning steps
financial planning steps
planning process pdf
planning and types of planning
types of planning in management
types of planning pdf
types of planning in business
what is planning process
four types of planning
process of planning in management
steps in business planning process
the five step planning process
planning process pdf
what is planning pdf
planning process definition
process planning in manufacturing
planning in the management process
steps in planning process
This document provides an overview of key principles and activities for effective change management in corporate transformations. It discusses (1) principles of change including that change is a process enabled not managed and behavioral change occurs at the emotional level, (2) five key activities for change management - motivating change, creating a vision, developing political support, managing the transition, and sustaining momentum, and (3) additional concepts like overcoming resistance to change, roles in organizational change, and skills needed by change agents.
This document provides an introduction to fundamental management concepts. It defines key terms like organization, management, and manager. It describes the main functions of management as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. It discusses different management levels and skills needed at each level. The history of management theories is reviewed, including scientific management, administrative management, and bureaucratic management. Classical and behavioral perspectives on management are compared. Contingency theory and the systems approach to management are also introduced.
This document provides guidance on the key components of a business letter, including the heading, date, inside address, greeting, body, closing, enclosures, and signature. It explains that business letters should be clear, concise, and easy to read while maintaining a formal tone. The various sections of a business letter are outlined and formatting recommendations are provided to ensure professional appearance and effective communication.
This document discusses business process reengineering (BPR) and related topics. It begins by defining BPR and noting that it aims for dramatic improvements in performance. Benchmarking is described as searching for best practices within or across industries. Process analysis involves documenting current processes, assessing performance, and developing recommendations. Tools for process analysis include flowcharts, failure mode and effects analysis, and mistake-proofing. The document also covers managing quality, including establishing quality policies and objectives. It emphasizes the role of management in reviewing quality systems and identifying opportunities for improvement. Finally, it discusses using incentives, motivation, and change management to support BPR efforts.
This document discusses various aspects of planning and decision making. It defines planning as setting objectives and determining courses of action to achieve goals while considering uncertainty. There are three types of uncertainty - state, effect, and response. The document outlines the importance of planning, classification of plans, types of plans including strategic, tactical, operational and business plans. It also discusses objectives, strategies, policies, procedures, rules, programs, budgets and provides examples of each. Lastly, it discusses reasons why planning may fail and provides an example of the planning process.
It can help to many student's or any people who are planning to build their own business. It can help them to improve their managerial or leadership skills in business.
The document discusses the concepts of organizing, including defining organizing as the process of arranging work, authority, and resources to achieve organizational goals. It covers principles of organization like unity of command and span of control, and different types of organizational structures such as functional, divisional, and matrix structures. The document also examines concepts related to organizing like responsibility, authority, and centralization versus decentralization.
The document discusses various aspects of planning and decision making for organizations. It defines planning as determining a future course of action to achieve objectives. A good plan should provide clear direction, be consistent, feasible, simple, and flexible. The planning process involves steps like identifying opportunities, setting objectives, identifying alternatives, and formulating supporting plans. Strategic planning sets long-term direction over 3-5 years while tactical planning focuses on short-term resource allocation. Management by objectives involves jointly setting goals and evaluating performance to achieve maximum results. Modern decision making techniques help organizations effectively plan and make choices.
Introduction To Management And Organization P O MZoha Qureshi
This document provides an introduction to management and organizations. It defines management as coordinating work activities to be completed efficiently and effectively through other people. The four main functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Managers perform various roles such as figurehead, leader, liaison, monitor, and decision maker. Management requires technical, human, and conceptual skills. Managers must coordinate interdependent parts and understand external factors as organizations are open systems that interact with their environment. Different management approaches are needed depending on contingency variables like organizational structure and technology. The document also defines an organization and explains why studying management is important and rewarding.
This document discusses key aspects of management decision making. It begins by explaining that management decision making involves a complex mix of knowledge, experience, creative thinking, and risk taking. It is often a rapid process. The document then discusses various types of managerial decisions, including programmed vs non-programmed decisions and proactive vs reactive decisions. It also outlines the typical steps in the decision making process, which include clarifying the problem, developing alternatives, evaluating options, implementing a decision, and assessing the results. Finally, it discusses factors that influence individual decision making such as the importance of the decision and a manager's tolerance for risk.
The document discusses controlling as a function of management. It describes perspectives on control including ensuring outcomes are as planned by comparing performance to standards. It also covers challenges managers face in controlling like coping with uncertainty. The purpose of control is outlined as helping the organization adapt to change, limit errors, and minimize costs. The steps in the control process are established standards, measure performance, compare to standards, and determine if corrective action is needed. Different types of control are described like preliminary and feedback control. Lastly, the characteristics of an effective control system are discussed as being accurate, timely, objective, and flexible.
This chapter discusses business organizations, stakeholders, and external factors that affect businesses. It covers the purpose and types of organizations, including commercial, not-for-profit, public sector, NGOs, and cooperatives. Stakeholders are defined as those with an interest in the organization, and are mapped based on their power and interest. Political and legal factors from global, national, and government levels influence organizations through laws, regulations, taxation, and economic policies.
This document provides guidance on writing effective bad news messages. It discusses that bad news messages inform readers of disappointing or unfavorable information. There are two categories of bad news messages: negative replies to requests and unfavorable unsolicited messages. The document recommends maintaining a positive attitude when writing bad news, and outlines two approaches - indirect or direct - for organizing a bad news message. The indirect approach buffers the bad news with pleasantries before providing an explanation and decision, while the direct approach states the bad news initially. Both should conclude on a positive note.
I created this presentation based on a similar presentation I found on SHRM’s website to teach an in-house seminar on goal setting.
Note: near the end of the presentation there appears to be a random slide of a Ford Pinto advertisement. I used it as a spring board into how the Ford Pinto story showcases goal setting gone bad. The story was completely oral, so…sorry, you had to be there.
This document provides an overview of business reports, including their definition, classification, and typical structure. It discusses the key parts of long formal reports, such as prefatory parts like the cover, title page, and table of contents. It also discusses supplemental parts like the appendix and bibliography. The document outlines different ways to classify reports based on their function, subject matter, formality, origin, and frequency. Finally, it provides guidance on outlining the report, using visual aids like headings and graphics, and properly referencing sources.
The document discusses the differences between academic essays and professional reports. It explains that reports are used to answer questions and solve problems through planning, research, organization, and presentation. The document outlines common report formats and types, including memos, letters, and manuscripts. It distinguishes between informational reports that present data, and analytical reports that include analysis, conclusions, and recommendations. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of writing reader-focused, persuasive, and ethical reports.
The art and craft of writing successful proposalsAmjad Idries
The document provides guidance on writing successful grant proposals. It discusses important elements like clearly outlining the proposal idea, needs statement, objectives, budget, and following guidelines. Key recommendations include starting with a good idea aligned with funder priorities, improving packaging through logical organization and clear writing, and obtaining feedback from others. Common mistakes involve poorly addressing reviewer criteria, inconsistent sections, and weak justification. The document emphasizes conveying a proposal's significance and developing specific, measurable goals to convince reviewers of its merits.
This document outlines many competencies for supervisors and managers. It discusses managing people and processes, running the business, recruiting and hiring, managing new hire logistics, conducting team and one-on-one meetings, developing people, assessing staff performance, addressing poor performance, project management, technical capabilities, problem solving, leadership, time management, planning, and handling stress. The competencies focus on setting goals, measuring performance, providing feedback, delegating work, and driving accountability.
This document provides guidance on writing grants for rural programs. It discusses why organizations should pursue grant funding and covers key aspects of developing a successful grant application such as conducting needs assessments, organizing teams, developing budgets and timelines, evaluating proposed projects, and finding potential funding sources. The document emphasizes clearly articulating the problem, proposed solution, and impact of funded projects and engaging stakeholders throughout the process. Overall, it aims to equip rural organizations with best practices for securing needed grant money to support their work.
As an investigator, you don’t define your value to the organization; leadership does. What are you doing to be a better business advisor and contribute to the organization’s goals? In other words, why should the bosses listen to you?
Because misconduct doesn’t happen in a vacuum! It results from a perfect storm of factors like employee ignorance, a failure to see the larger implications, a lack of training and procedures, or a failure of internal controls. And you have a view to all of this in your cases.
This webinar outlines how you can become a better strategic advisor, how to think like a business leader, and what keeps executives awake at night. You’ll learn how case management can drive a culture of prevention, and how you can prove the bottom-line ROI of investigations.
Join Meric Bloch, Strategic Advisor at Winter Investigations as he discusses how investigators can become business advisors to the C-suite using their knowledge of case management and risk assessment.
In this webinar, you will learn:
Goals of a strategic business advisor.
-What advice does a strategic advisor give?
-What should a strategic advisor not do?
-How an investigator can become a strategic advisor.
-How stellar case management positions investigators as strategic advisors.
Investigation Report Writing: A Nuts and Bolts ApproachRandall Tam
Many investigation reports are written poorly because investigators simply don’t know what to include. Poorly written reports provide little value and may even increase a company’s legal risk. A well written investigation report presents the right information, includes careful analysis and reaches a conclusion.
Meric Bloch, author, trainer, speaker and Principal of Winter Compliance, as he outlines the fundamentals of writing investigation reports.
You will learn:
-What information to include and how to include it
-How to assess witness credibility
-Strategies for evaluating proof
-How to present findings
-How to avoid the most common report writing mistakes
Investigation Report Writing: A Nuts and Bolts ApproachCase IQ
Many investigation reports are written poorly because investigators simply don’t know what to include. Poorly written reports provide little value and may even increase a company’s legal risk. A well written investigation report presents the right information, includes careful analysis and reaches a conclusion.
Meric Bloch, author, trainer, speaker and Principal of Winter Compliance, as he outlines the fundamentals of writing investigation reports.
You will learn:
-What information to include and how to include it
-How to assess witness credibility
-Strategies for evaluating proof
-How to present findings
-How to avoid the most common report writing mistakes
This document provides guidance on conducting a successful job campaign. It discusses building a network of contacts, obtaining internships, identifying appropriate jobs, finding employers, preparing application documents like resumes and cover letters, interview skills, following up after an interview, and continuing job search activities. The key steps are developing a wide network, gaining relevant experience through internships, thoroughly researching companies and tailoring application materials to specific roles, and following up in a timely and professional manner.
This document provides guidance on developing a successful research proposal. It discusses the purpose of proposals, when they should be written, and core components to include. Key elements are an indication of why the problem is important, a description of the research question and methodology, and a review of relevant literature. Additional components may include how findings will be disseminated and addressing reliability, validity, ethics and potential problems. The document provides examples and advice for writing strong titles, defining concepts and limits, conducting a literature review, demonstrating significance, and using appropriate methodology. It concludes with sample criteria for evaluating proposals, such as clearly identifying the problem, using a suitable approach, and ensuring feasibility.
The document discusses building and promoting a business case. It defines a business case as a written report or presentation that justifies a business initiative or project by showing it is financially sound and will address a business problem. It covers understanding business case basics like when they are needed and how they are approved, building a case by defining the problem, solution options and costs/benefits, and promoting a case to get approval. Best practices include considering long-term impacts, risks, qualitative factors and stakeholder engagement. A business case should address whether the proposal is strategically fit, optimizes value, is commercially viable, affordable and can be successfully delivered.
The document discusses different types of primary and secondary data sources, advantages and disadvantages of using secondary data, criteria for evaluating secondary data, qualitative research methods like interviews and focus group discussions. It provides details on how to conduct interviews and focus group discussions, including the types of questions to ask, characteristics of a good interviewer, and the steps involved in planning and conducting interviews and focus group discussions.
This document provides information on case studies, including how to develop, analyze, and present them. It defines a case study as an in-depth analysis of a person, group, or situation over time. The document outlines steps for developing a case study such as defining objectives and identifying key players. It also discusses different types of data collection and analysis for case studies, including qualitative and quantitative methods. Finally, it provides guidance on how to effectively solve and present the findings of a case study.
This document provides information on case studies, including how to develop, analyze, and present them. It defines a case study as an in-depth analysis of a person, group, or situation over time. The document outlines steps for developing a case study such as defining objectives and identifying key players. It also discusses different types of data collection and analysis for case studies, including qualitative and quantitative methods. Finally, it provides guidance on how to effectively solve and present the findings of a case study.
This document summarizes what the author learned from various chapters in ENC 3250 about professional writing. The chapters covered topics like document design, persuasive writing techniques, writing reports, research methods, and short report formats. The author notes that these skills are important for communicating effectively in the workplace, as employees are often asked to write reports, present research, and make proposals. Mastering techniques like formatting, organization, building credibility, and delivering information clearly will make the author more valuable as a professional communicator.
The document summarizes what the student learned from various chapters in their ENC 3250 professional writing course. Some of the key lessons included effective document design with proper use of white space and headings, different strategies for persuasive writing depending on the audience, the steps for writing reports including defining the problem and analyzing information, different types of research and sampling, and various techniques for organizing and writing short reports. The student felt the writing assignment was a good test of these skills as it required research, visual design elements, and persuasive advocacy for a proposed topic. The student believes these professional communication skills will be important for their future career in accounting where presenting information to various stakeholders effectively and efficiently will be important.
International Mergers and Acquisitions - What To Do When You Find Yourself as...Society of Women Engineers
This document summarizes a presentation about international mergers and acquisitions (M&As). It introduces the two presenters and their experience with M&As. It then discusses facts about international M&As, including why companies do them, typical high failure rates, and common reasons for failure. Key success criteria for international M&As are outlined, including cultural fit, clear communication and common goals. The presentation then details Continental's acquisition of Modi Tires in India as a case study, touching on challenges faced and skills needed to be successful like flexibility and patience.
The document discusses various aspects of business research methods. It defines business research as the systematic and objective process of generating information to aid in making business decisions. Some key points include:
- Business research involves acquiring information and knowledge for professional or commercial purposes such as determining opportunities and goals for a business.
- It must be conducted in an objective manner and be detached from bias.
- There are different types of research including descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, qualitative, conceptual, and empirical.
- The business research process involves formulating the problem, conducting a literature review, developing hypotheses, designing the study, collecting and analyzing data, testing hypotheses, and reporting conclusions.
Introduction to business research copyAnjuPrakash7
This document provides an introduction to business research. It discusses that business research is a systematic process of obtaining detailed information about various business areas like the market and customers to help solve business problems and maximize profits. It also explains the importance of business research for understanding customer demand, identifying opportunities and risks, and staying ahead of competition. The document then covers various types of business research, characteristics of good research, steps in problem formulation, data collection and analysis methods, and the importance of ethics in business research.
Similar to Preparing informative and influential report (20)
The document provides an overview of quantitative analysis. It discusses that quantitative analysis is the systematic study of an organization's structure, characteristics, functions, and relationships to provide executives with a quantitative basis for decision making. The characteristics of quantitative analysis include a focus on decision making, applying a scientific approach, using an interdisciplinary team, and applying formal mathematical models. The quantitative analysis process involves defining the problem, developing a model, acquiring data, developing a solution, testing the solution, and validating the model. Common tools used in quantitative analysis include linear programming, statistical techniques, decision tables, decision trees, game theory, forecasting, and mathematical programming.
This document outlines five methods for managing conflict: accommodation, compromise, avoidance, competition, and collaboration. Accommodation is a lose/win approach where one party forfeits their position. Compromise is a win/lose-win/lose approach where all parties gain and lose through negotiation. Avoidance is a lose/lose approach where issues remain unresolved. Competition is a win/lose approach where one party attempts to dominate. Collaboration is a win/win approach that requires trust and understanding between all parties. Each approach is best suited to different conflict situations.
This document summarizes 10 key human capital trends from 2017 to 2020 according to annual surveys. The trends include the changing nature of careers, learning, talent acquisition, employee experience, performance management, leadership, digital HR, people analytics, diversity and inclusion, and the future of work involving new technologies. Organizations are shifting from hierarchies to empowered networks and teams and redesigning jobs to leverage both human and technological capabilities. Learning is becoming more continuous, personalized and integrated with work. Well-being, the hyper-connected workplace, data privacy, and social impact are also emerging as important issues.
Define conflict and conflict behavior in organizations
Distinguish between functional and dysfunctional conflict
Understand different levels and types of conflict in organizations
Analyze conflict episodes and the linkages among them
Explain why conflict arises, and identify the types and sources of conflict in organizations.
Describe conflict management strategies that managers can use to resolve conflict effectively.
Understand the nature of negotiation and why integrative bargaining is more effective than distributive negotiation.
,managing conflict ,politics ,and negotiation
This document discusses conflict management in an organizational context. It begins by defining conflict and outlining learning objectives around understanding conflict, dealing with typical conflicts that arise, and developing skills to resolve conflicts. It then presents a case study about the performance of three typists, Anabia, Sonia and Tania, and asks the reader to evaluate their performance. Additional details provided about each typist may affect the reader's evaluation. The document goes on to discuss causes of conflicts, effects of conflicts in organizations, different approaches to dealing with conflicts, and steps that can be taken to prevent and resolve conflicts. It concludes by noting that while conflict is inevitable and not entirely negative, poorly managed conflicts can have counterproductive results while well-managed
Differences between legal compliances and managing diversityJubayer Alam Shoikat
The document provides guidelines for developing an organizational code of ethics or code of conduct. It outlines several key components that should be addressed in a code, including personal integrity, compliance with laws, political contributions, confidential information, conflicts of interest, financial records, employment policies, securities transactions, use of company assets, gifts and entertainment, environmental issues, and compliance/enforcement. It stresses that codes are most effective when communicated, modeled by leadership, and enforced with accountability.
,
capital budgeting
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concept of capital budgeting
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the capital budgeting process
,
significance of capital budgeting
,
classification of investment project proposals
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techniques of capital budgeting
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types of project
The document discusses database management systems (DBMS) and cybercrime. It defines a DBMS as software that enables the use of databases and provides methods for creating, updating, storing and retrieving data. The main components of a DBMS are software, hardware, data, procedures and database access languages like SQL. Cybercrime is defined as illegal activities involving computers, like hacking, phishing and spamming. Hackers may break into networks for recreational or financial reasons. Common online spying tools used by cybercriminals include cookies, spyware, web bugs and spam to track users and acquire personal information without consent.
basic organization of computer
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input unit
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output unit
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storage unit
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arithmetic logic unit (alu)
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computer codes
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computer for organization
,
business communication
,
payroll system
,
management information system
This document discusses different number systems including non-positional, positional, decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal systems. It provides examples of how to convert numbers between these bases using direct conversion methods or shortcuts. Key aspects covered include how the position and base of each digit determines its value in a number, converting a number to decimal and then to another base, and dividing binary, octal, or hexadecimal numbers into groups to convert to a different base number system.
operating system
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os
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what is an os?
,
types of os
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logical architecture of a computer system
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basic task perform by os
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task switching
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utility software
,
main functions of an os
This document provides an overview of data communications and computer networks. It discusses the basic elements of a communication system including senders, receivers, and transmission media. It then describes different types of transmission media such as twisted pair wire, coaxial cable, microwave systems, and optical fibers. The document also covers digital and analog data transmission, network topologies including star, ring, bus and hybrid networks. It defines local and wide area networks and describes some common networking devices like network interface cards.
The document discusses the five generations of computers from the 1940s to present. It provides details on the key hardware technologies, software technologies, and characteristics of each generation. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were very large, unreliable, and costly. The second generation introduced transistors, magnetic storage, and batch operating systems. The third generation saw the rise of integrated circuits, timesharing operating systems, and standard programming languages. The fourth generation brought microprocessors, PCs, networks, and GUIs. The fifth generation includes powerful desktops, notebooks, servers, supercomputers, and technologies like the internet, multimedia, and Java.
International Business basic concept of international business
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approaches to international business/ modes of ent
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barriers to international business
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absolute advantage and comparative advantage
The document provides information about the accounting cycle for Taposhi Corporation Ltd, including a trial balance, additional information, a 10-column worksheet, income statement, statement of owner's equity, and classified balance sheet. The worksheet adjusts account balances based on additional information and carries forward balances to the financial statements. The income statement shows net income of 20,500 Taka. The statement of owner's equity shows an increase in capital from opening to closing balance. The balance sheet presents assets, liabilities, and owner's equity as of December 31.
This document summarizes a study on the annual reports of Grameenphone over 10 years. It includes an analysis of gross profit and net profit from 2006 to 2015 showing increases over time. Charts in the form of histograms and polygons visualize these trends. Key findings note that Grameenphone is the largest telecom provider in Bangladesh with over 56 million subscribers and extensive network coverage. The network provides mobile, internet, and other digital services across the country.
This presentation, "The Morale Killers: 9 Ways Managers Unintentionally Demotivate Employees (and How to Fix It)," is a deep dive into the critical factors that can negatively impact employee morale and engagement. Based on extensive research and real-world experiences, this presentation reveals the nine most common mistakes managers make, often without even realizing it.
The presentation begins by highlighting the alarming statistic that 70% of employees report feeling disengaged at work, underscoring the urgency of addressing this issue. It then delves into each of the nine "morale killers," providing clear explanations and illustrative examples.
1. Ignoring Achievements: The presentation emphasizes the importance of recognizing and rewarding employees' efforts, tailored to their individual preferences.
2. Bad Hiring/Promotions & Broken Promises: It reveals the detrimental effects of poor hiring and promotion decisions, along with the erosion of trust that results from broken promises.
3. Treating Everyone Equally & Tolerating Poor Performance: This section stresses the need for fair treatment while acknowledging that employees have different needs. It also emphasizes the importance of addressing poor performance promptly.
4. Stifling Growth & Lack of Interest: The presentation highlights the importance of providing opportunities for learning and growth, as well as showing genuine care for employees' well-being.
5. Unclear Communication & Micromanaging: It exposes the frustration and resentment caused by vague expectations and excessive control, advocating for clear communication and employee empowerment.
The presentation then shifts its focus to the power of recognition and empowerment, highlighting how a culture of appreciation can fuel engagement and motivation. It provides actionable takeaways for managers, emphasizing the need to stop demotivating behaviors and start actively fostering a positive workplace culture.
The presentation concludes with a strong call to action, encouraging viewers to explore the accompanying blog post, "9 Proven Ways to Crush Employee Morale (and How to Avoid Them)," for a more in-depth analysis and practical solutions.
From Concept to reality : Implementing Lean Managements DMAIC Methodology for...Rokibul Hasan
The Ready-Made Garments (RMG) industry in Bangladesh is a cornerstone of the economy, but increasing costs and stagnant productivity pose significant challenges to profitability. This study explores the implementation of Lean Management in the Sampling Section of RMG factories to enhance productivity. Drawing from a comprehensive literature review, theoretical framework, and action research methodology, the study identifies key areas for improvement and proposes solutions.
Through the DMAIC approach (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control), the research identifies low productivity as the primary problem in the Sampling Section, with a PPH (Productivity per head) of only 4.0. Using Lean Management techniques such as 5S, Standardized work, PDCA/Kaizen, KANBAN, and Quick Changeover, the study addresses issues such as pre and post Quick Changeover (QCO) time, improper line balancing, and sudden plan changes.
The research employs regression analysis to test hypotheses, revealing a significant correlation between reducing QCO time and increasing productivity. With a regression equation of Y = -0.000501X + 6.72 and an R-squared value of 0.98, the study demonstrates a strong relationship between the independent variables (QCO downtime and improper line balancing downtime) and the dependent variable (productivity per head).
The findings suggest that by implementing Lean Management practices and addressing key productivity inhibitors, RMG factories can achieve substantial improvements in efficiency and profitability. The study provides valuable insights for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers seeking to enhance productivity in the RMG industry and similar manufacturing sectors.
Neal Elbaum Shares Top 5 Trends Shaping the Logistics Industry in 2024Neal Elbaum
In the ever-evolving world of logistics, staying ahead of the curve is crucial. Industry expert Neal Elbaum highlights the top five trends shaping the logistics industry in 2024, offering valuable insights into the future of supply chain management.
Maximize Your Efficiency with This Comprehensive Project Management Platform ...SOFTTECHHUB
In today's work environment, staying organized and productive can be a daunting challenge. With multiple tasks, projects, and tools to juggle, it's easy to feel overwhelmed and lose focus. Fortunately, liftOS offers a comprehensive solution to streamline your workflow and boost your productivity. This innovative platform brings together all your essential tools, files, and tasks into a single, centralized workspace, allowing you to work smarter and more efficiently.
Small Business Management An Entrepreneur’s Guidebook 8th edition by Byrd tes...ssuserf63bd7
Small Business Management An Entrepreneur’s Guidebook 8th edition by Byrd test bank.docx
https://qidiantiku.com/test-bank-for-small-business-management-an-entrepreneurs-guidebook-8th-edition-by-mary-jane-byrd.shtml
Designing and Sustaining Large-Scale Value-Centered Agile Ecosystems (powered...Alexey Krivitsky
Is Agile dead? It depends on what you mean by 'Agile'. If you mean that the organizations are not getting the promised benefits because they were focusing too much on the team-level agile "ways of working" instead of systemic global improvements -- then we are in agreement. It is a misunderstanding of Agility that led us down a dead-end. At Org Topologies, we see bright sparks -- the signs of the 'second wave of Agile' as we call it. The emphasis is shifting towards both in-team and inter-team collaboration. Away from false dichotomies. Both: team autonomy and shared broad product ownership are required to sustain true result-oriented organizational agility. Org Topologies is a package offering a visual language plus thinking tools required to communicate org development direction and can be used to help design and then sustain org change aiming at higher organizational archetypes.
A comprehensive-study-of-biparjoy-cyclone-disaster-management-in-gujarat-a-ca...Samirsinh Parmar
Disaster management;
Cyclone Disaster Management;;
Biparjoy Cyclone Case Study;
Meteorological Observations;
Best practices in Disaster Management;
Synchronization of Agencies;
GSDMA in Cyclone disaster Management;
History of Cyclone in Arabian ocean;
Intensity of Cyclone in Gujarat;
Cyclone preparedness;
Miscellaneous observations - Biparjoy cyclone;
Role of social Media in Disaster Management;
Unique features of Biparjoy cyclone;
Role of IMD in Biparjoy Prediction;
Lessons Learned; Disaster Preparedness; published paper;
Case study; for disaster management agencies; for guideline to manage cyclone disaster; cyclone management; cyclone risks; rescue and rehabilitation for cyclone; timely evacuation during cyclone; port closure; tourism closure etc.
m249-saw PMI To familiarize the soldier with the M249 Squad Automatic Weapon ...LinghuaKong2
M249 Saw marksman PMIThe Squad Automatic Weapon (SAW), or 5.56mm M249 is an individually portable, gas operated, magazine or disintegrating metallic link-belt fed, light machine gun with fixed headspace and quick change barrel feature. The M249 engages point targets out to 800 meters, firing the improved NATO standard 5.56mm cartridge.The SAW forms the basis of firepower for the fire team. The gunner has the option of using 30-round M16 magazines or linked ammunition from pre-loaded 200-round plastic magazines. The gunner's basic load is 600 rounds of linked ammunition.The SAW was developed through an initially Army-led research and development effort and eventually a Joint NDO program in the late 1970s/early 1980s to restore sustained and accurate automatic weapons fire to the fire team and squad. When actually fielded in the mid-1980s, the SAW was issued as a one-for-one replacement for the designated "automatic rifle" (M16A1) in the Fire Team. In this regard, the SAW filled the void created by the retirement of the Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR) during the 1950s because interim automatic weapons (e.g. M-14E2/M16A1) had failed as viable "base of fire" weapons.
Early in the SAW's fielding, the Army identified the need for a Product Improvement Program (PIP) to enhance the weapon. This effort resulted in a "PIP kit" which modifies the barrel, handguard, stock, pistol grip, buffer, and sights.
The M249 machine gun is an ideal complementary weapon system for the infantry squad platoon. It is light enough to be carried and operated by one man, and can be fired from the hip in an assault, even when loaded with a 200-round ammunition box. The barrel change facility ensures that it can continue to fire for long periods. The US Army has conducted strenuous trials on the M249 MG, showing that this weapon has a reliability factor that is well above that of most other small arms weapon systems. Today, the US Army and Marine Corps utilize the license-produced M249 SAW.
Many companies have perceived CRM that accompanied by numerous
uncoordinated initiatives as a technological solution for problems in
individual areas. However, CRM should be considered as a strategy when
a company decides to implement it due to its humanitarian, technological
and process-related effects (Mendoza et al., 2007, p. 913). CRM is
evolving today as it should be seen as a strategy for maintaining a longterm relationship with customers.
A CRM business strategy includes the internet with the marketing,
sales, operations, customer services, human resources, R&D, finance, and
information technology departments to achieve the company’s purpose and
maximize the profitability of customer interactions (Chen and Popovich,
2003, p. 673).
After Corona Virus Disease-2019/Covid-19 (Coronavirus) first
appeared in Wuhan, China towards the end of 2019, its effects began to
be felt clearly all over the world. If the Coronavirus crisis is not managed
properly in business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer
(B2C) sectors, it can have serious negative consequences. In this crisis,
companies can typically face significant losses in their sales performance,
existing customers and customer satisfaction, interruptions in operations
and accordingly bankruptcy
2. Report writing
• A report is an objectives and factual presentation of information in
order to achieve some purpose. It is a basic management tool used in
decision-making
• According to Ramond V. A. Lesikar “A business report is an orderly,
objective communication of factual information that serves some
business purpose"
So we can say that, a business report is an organized statement,
which describes neutral statement, and independent or definite
inquiry for the purpose of the interested persons.
3. Determining the report purpose
• Begins with a business need/ problem
• To get the problem right is rather important and essential for
following steps
• Primary investigation
• You should begin by gathering all information you need to understand the problem
• Main purpose is to make the purpose clear
• Need for a clear statement of the problem
• Once find the problem express it clearly
• When the problem is written it can be reviewed approved or evaluated by other persons
• Putting it in writing will help you focus on it
4. Determining the factors
• Use of subtopics in information reports
• Purpose statements: to review operations of company x from January
1 through march31
• Subtopics
• Production
• Sales and promotion
• Financial status
• Computer systems
• Product development
• HR
5. • hypothesis for problems requiring solution
• Predetermined statement that likely and logical to happen
• Purpose statement: to find out why sales at the Springfield store have
declined
• Hypotheses
• Activities of the completion have cause the decline
• Changes in the economy of the area have caused the decline
• Changes in the economy of the area have caused the decline
• Merchandising deficiencies have caused the decline
• Changes in the environment have caused the decline
6. • Bases of comparison in evaluation studies
• Determine the Characteristics and criteria used in evaluation
• Purpose statement: whether the new location of company ‘only boy’
should be built in city A, city B or city C
• Base for comparison
• Availability of skilled workers
• Tax structure
• Community attitude
• Transportation facilities
• Nearness to market
• Each of the above factors may have factors of its own- transportation/ worker
7. • Gathering the information needed
• For many business problems you need to conduct the investigation of your
own
• For some other you can get data gathered earlier
• Sales problem may require collecting data from the customers and sales
personnel
• Production related information can be find from production records
• Some business problem require formal research like survey, experiment, focus
group discussion (FGD) etc.
8. General guideline for conducting a research
• Gather more information than you will use
• Your purpose is to solve the problem not to show that you spend some time on it
• Keep researching until you feel that you find the solution
• Be resource full
• Build knowledge regarding different approaches and philosophies of research
• Check the information in different places to make sure that you have the right information
• Keep accurate notes
• To make the research accurate keep the log of your research activities and developments
• If you are search on internet jot down the key word you have already used least you should
repeat them
9. • Interpreting the findings
• Explain the common error in interpreting data and develop attitudes and
practices conducting conducive to good interpreting
• Interpreting facts requires not only analytical skills and objective judgement
but consideration for ethical issues as well
10. Advice for avoiding human error
• Report the facts as they are
• Do not think that conclusions are always necessary
• Do not interpret a lack of evidence as proof to the contrary
• Do not compare noncomparable data
• Do not draw illogical cause-effect conclusions
• Beware of unreliable and unrepresentative data
• Do not oversimplify
• Tailor your claims to your data
11. Appropriate attitudes and practices
• Maintain a judicial attitude
• Look at each and every side of an issue without emotion and prejudice
• Your primary objective is to make the most reliable interpretations of the
situations
• Consult with others
• Try to proof read the interpretation by another one to have new idea
• Test your interpretation
• Test of experience- aske your self that does this appear reasonable in light of
all I know or have experienced?
• Negative test- critique your own conclution
12. Statistical tools for data analysis
• Descriptive statistics
• Central tendency
• Dispersion
• Ration
• Inferential statistics
• Generalize a whole population based on some sample
13. Organize the report information
• Nature and benefit of outline
• Conventional system
• Decimal system
• Organization by division
• Look over the information to get major parts
• Subdivide the parts when necessary
• Division by conventional relationship
• Find a way that will approximately produce equal parts
• Time, place, quantity, factors are the general base for this division
• Combination and multiple division possibilities
• Two or more bases are used together
• Periods of low sales
• Periods of moderate sales
• Periods of high sales
14. • From outline to table of content
• Turn the outline into table of content
• Words should be logical and meaningful
• Formatting decisions
• Topic or talking headings
• Topic headings mention the subject only- authorization
• Talking heading mention the subject matter to be covered- authorization by board action
• Parallelism of construction
• Avoiding the use of sentence and phrase
• Concise wording
• Personal appearance enhancement is the most desirable feature of contact lenses that
wearers report
• Most desirable feature: personal appearance
• Variety of expression
• Oil production in Texas, California, Louisiana
• Texas leads in oil production
• California holds the runner-up position
15. • Writing the report
• Report should be focused, objective, consistent in time viewpoint, smoothly connected and
interesting
• While drafting the first priority is to get the right thing said in the right order
• Beginning and ending
• Beginning should be regarding the subject, what kind of data it is based on and its likely
significance to the reader
• Ending should have concise statement of report’s main pay offs- facts, interpretation,
recommendation
• Being objective
• Objective as a base of believability
• Question of impersonal vs personal writing
16. • Being consistent with time
• Including transitions
• Sentence transition- structure of the sentences
• Transitional words- in addition, besides etc.
• Maintaining interest
• Collaborative report writing
• Determining the group makeup
• Creating the ground roles
• Choosing the means of collaboration
• Making a project plan
17. Researching and writing report
1. Determine the problem and purposes
2. Identify the factors
3. Gather the needed information
4. Interpret the information
5. Organize the material
6. Plan the components and style
7. Assign parts to be written
8. Write parts assigned
9. Revise collaboratively
10. Edit the final draft