The document summarizes a study that investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Pterospermum acerifolium. The study found that the ethyl acetate fraction of P. acerifolium showed the highest free radical scavenging activity in various in vitro antioxidant assays. This fraction also demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects in both in vivo and in vitro models of inflammation. The results support the traditional use of P. acerifolium for reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activities of Organic Extracts from Ammodaucus ...CrimsonAlternativemedicine
Aromatic and medicinal plants are a good source of natural preparations containing effective bioactive compounds which can be used for different applications. This work aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity of some organic extracts of Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss & Dur fruit part. The whole plant was collected from the region of Beni Abbas (Bechar-Algeria). Five organic extracts were obtained and the evaluation of the antioxidant activity was performed by six conventional methods. Polar organic extracts exhibited more antioxidant power then non polar extracts. The level of phenolic compounds was moderate in all extracts. The investigation of the antioxidant activity of organic extracts from fruit part of Ammodaucus leucotrichusrevealed a moderate activity tested by six conventional methods.
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/
For more articles in open access Complementary Medicine journals please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/acam/
Quantification of total phenolics and flavonoids and evaluation of in vitro a...researchplantsciences
The document summarizes a study that quantified the total phenolics, flavonoids, and evaluated the in vitro antioxidant properties of the methanolic leaf extract of Tarenna asiatica, an endemic medicinal plant from Western Ghats, India. Key findings include:
- The leaf extract showed the presence of phytochemicals like phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and triterpenoids.
- Total phenolic content was 16.95μg of GAE/100mg extract and flavonoid content was 3.72μg of QE/100mg extract.
- The extract exhibited potent antioxidant activity in various in vitro assays like DPPH, ferrous ion
This is an Engg Biotechnology project based on medicinal plant i.e singapore cherry or jamaican cherry tree (scientific name Muntingia calabure ), we did in 2013 in GMIT college Davangere, karanataka, India. i have complete project detail what we did..,
Invitro antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of whole plant of Pedali...SriramNagarajan17
The document describes an investigation of the antioxidant activities of the methanolic extract of the whole plant of Pedalium murex. The extract showed significant free radical scavenging activities when evaluated using DPPH, superoxide anion scavenging, and iron chelating assays, compared to standard references rutin, quercetin, and EDTA. The extract demonstrated dose-dependent antioxidant effects in all three assays, with IC50 values of 260 μg/ml, 93 μg/ml, and 420 μg/ml respectively. The results indicate that the methanolic extract of P. murex possesses considerable antioxidant properties, which may be due to the presence of phytochemicals like terpenoids and flavonoids
Total phenolic, flavonoids and tannin content of various extracts from Pyrus ...pharmaindexing
1) The study determined the total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content in chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of Pyrus communis fruit.
2) The results showed that the ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts contained significantly higher levels of phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins compared to the aqueous and chloroform extracts.
3) Specifically, the ethyl acetate extract had the highest concentration of total phenolics, while the ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts had similar high levels of total flavonoids.
In Ayurveda, the leaf juice of Adhatoda vasica, a shrub native to Asia is incorporated in
many traditional herbal formulations. However, suitable solvent and a suitable extraction
method for phytochemical profiling are not well established, and there is no published mass
spectra structural interpretation of the identified compounds. This has caused a few
problems in herbal formulation research due to the bias derived from different extraction
methods. Therefore, this study used polar and non polar extraction for phytochemical
analysis on Adhatoda vasica, aiming to assess the potential impact of different solvents. This
study included extractive value, total phenol and alkaloid content of the leaves in different
preparations. Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to
study the phytochemical profile of different solvents. Significant differences were observed in
all the parameters such as extract yield, total phenol, total alkaloid and phytochemical
composition. The ethanol extract stood out most for effective extraction of phytochemicals,
especially for the alkaloids. The results highlight the necessity for comparative analyses of
chemical composition in different solvent extractions and careful choice and validation of
analytical methodology in herbal formulation research.
This is Sumaiya Nahid hail from Chittagong, Bangladesh.It's my M.Pharm (Thesis) presentation slide. This is the total display of my hard works.I tried my best to summarize my one year enthusiastic workings.Any suggestions and corrections will be cordially accepted. Thank you all.
The document summarizes a study that investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Pterospermum acerifolium. The study found that the ethyl acetate fraction of P. acerifolium showed the highest free radical scavenging activity in various in vitro antioxidant assays. This fraction also demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects in both in vivo and in vitro models of inflammation. The results support the traditional use of P. acerifolium for reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activities of Organic Extracts from Ammodaucus ...CrimsonAlternativemedicine
Aromatic and medicinal plants are a good source of natural preparations containing effective bioactive compounds which can be used for different applications. This work aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity of some organic extracts of Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss & Dur fruit part. The whole plant was collected from the region of Beni Abbas (Bechar-Algeria). Five organic extracts were obtained and the evaluation of the antioxidant activity was performed by six conventional methods. Polar organic extracts exhibited more antioxidant power then non polar extracts. The level of phenolic compounds was moderate in all extracts. The investigation of the antioxidant activity of organic extracts from fruit part of Ammodaucus leucotrichusrevealed a moderate activity tested by six conventional methods.
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/
For more articles in open access Complementary Medicine journals please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/acam/
Quantification of total phenolics and flavonoids and evaluation of in vitro a...researchplantsciences
The document summarizes a study that quantified the total phenolics, flavonoids, and evaluated the in vitro antioxidant properties of the methanolic leaf extract of Tarenna asiatica, an endemic medicinal plant from Western Ghats, India. Key findings include:
- The leaf extract showed the presence of phytochemicals like phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and triterpenoids.
- Total phenolic content was 16.95μg of GAE/100mg extract and flavonoid content was 3.72μg of QE/100mg extract.
- The extract exhibited potent antioxidant activity in various in vitro assays like DPPH, ferrous ion
This is an Engg Biotechnology project based on medicinal plant i.e singapore cherry or jamaican cherry tree (scientific name Muntingia calabure ), we did in 2013 in GMIT college Davangere, karanataka, India. i have complete project detail what we did..,
Invitro antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of whole plant of Pedali...SriramNagarajan17
The document describes an investigation of the antioxidant activities of the methanolic extract of the whole plant of Pedalium murex. The extract showed significant free radical scavenging activities when evaluated using DPPH, superoxide anion scavenging, and iron chelating assays, compared to standard references rutin, quercetin, and EDTA. The extract demonstrated dose-dependent antioxidant effects in all three assays, with IC50 values of 260 μg/ml, 93 μg/ml, and 420 μg/ml respectively. The results indicate that the methanolic extract of P. murex possesses considerable antioxidant properties, which may be due to the presence of phytochemicals like terpenoids and flavonoids
Total phenolic, flavonoids and tannin content of various extracts from Pyrus ...pharmaindexing
1) The study determined the total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content in chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of Pyrus communis fruit.
2) The results showed that the ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts contained significantly higher levels of phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins compared to the aqueous and chloroform extracts.
3) Specifically, the ethyl acetate extract had the highest concentration of total phenolics, while the ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts had similar high levels of total flavonoids.
In Ayurveda, the leaf juice of Adhatoda vasica, a shrub native to Asia is incorporated in
many traditional herbal formulations. However, suitable solvent and a suitable extraction
method for phytochemical profiling are not well established, and there is no published mass
spectra structural interpretation of the identified compounds. This has caused a few
problems in herbal formulation research due to the bias derived from different extraction
methods. Therefore, this study used polar and non polar extraction for phytochemical
analysis on Adhatoda vasica, aiming to assess the potential impact of different solvents. This
study included extractive value, total phenol and alkaloid content of the leaves in different
preparations. Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to
study the phytochemical profile of different solvents. Significant differences were observed in
all the parameters such as extract yield, total phenol, total alkaloid and phytochemical
composition. The ethanol extract stood out most for effective extraction of phytochemicals,
especially for the alkaloids. The results highlight the necessity for comparative analyses of
chemical composition in different solvent extractions and careful choice and validation of
analytical methodology in herbal formulation research.
This is Sumaiya Nahid hail from Chittagong, Bangladesh.It's my M.Pharm (Thesis) presentation slide. This is the total display of my hard works.I tried my best to summarize my one year enthusiastic workings.Any suggestions and corrections will be cordially accepted. Thank you all.
in vitro study on total phenols and flavonoids content and dpph activity of w...IJEAB
The escalating interest in appraisal of antioxidant power of herbal plant as medicine, the current study was carried out to explore the antioxidant potential of aqueous extracts of Withania somnifera root and Withania coagulan fruit in-vitro. Antioxidant activity; total phenol,total flavonoids and DPPH free radical scavenging assay of Withania somnifera root and Withania coagulans fruit aqueous extracts were determined by using reference standards gallic acid, quercetin and ascorbic acid, respectively. The highest total phenols content (mgGAE/g) and total flavonoids content (mgQE/g) was found to be 33.1±0.82 and 1.86±0.01 respectively in aqueous somnifera root extracts as compared to coagulans fruit extract . The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the both extracts was increased with the increasing concentration and was observed high in aqueous extract insomniferaroot (IC50= 54) than coagulans fruit (69μg/ml) aqueous extract.Thus,Withania somnifera root has potent antioxidant activity and may serve as a good pharmacotherapeutic agent which could be explored to provide affordable medicines to masses.
Quantitative analysis of total phenolic content in avocado (persia americana)...Alexander Decker
This study analyzed the total phenolic content in avocado (Persia Americana) seeds from the Eastern Province of Kenya. Avocado seeds from five varieties were extracted at different temperatures and their total phenolic content was quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The maximum phenolic content of 18.55 ± 2.8 mg/g was found in extracts of the Fuerte variety extracted at 50°C. Increasing the extraction temperature to 70°C and 100°C resulted in 10.3% and 32.1% decreases in total phenolic content, respectively, likely due to degradation of thermosensitive phenolic compounds. Overall, an extraction temperature of 50°C was found to be most
Screening of antioxidant phytoextracts of Canarium odontophyllum (Miq.) leave...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
This document summarizes Natalie Rivera Ortiz's quantitative analysis of phytochemicals in antidiabetic plant extracts. The objectives were to quantify flavonoids, total phenolic compounds, and saponins in extracts of Tapeinochuilus annanassae, Syzygium jambos, Costus speciosus, and Tradescantia spathacea using calibration curves. Flavonoid content ranged from 13.7 to 29.8 mg QE/g DW. Total phenolic content ranged from 0.14 to 0.45 mg QE in aqueous extracts and 0.034 to 0.18 mg QE in methanolic extracts. Future work will determine saponin
37.Studies on the chemical and medicinal value of Vitex negundo Linn.Annadurai B
This document summarizes a study on the chemical and medicinal value of Vitex negundo Linn leaves. The study found that the leaves contain phytochemicals like glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, and volatile oils. Extracts of the leaves showed antioxidant properties like superoxide scavenging and anti-inflammatory effects in mice models. Glycosides isolated from the leaves also demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified the phytochemical constituents in the volatile oil. The results support the traditional use of V. negundo for its long-term antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential anti-cancer properties.
This document summarizes a study on the antioxidant and DNA protective properties of extracts from four Mauritian fruits - olive, bilimbi, amla, and mangosteen. Chemical profiling of the extracts found a variety of phytochemicals including phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenes. Mangosteen extracts had the highest total phenol and flavonoid contents. Mangosteen and bilimbi extracts also showed the strongest antioxidant activities in DPPH radical scavenging assays. Certain extracts, especially dichloromethane and hexane fractions of mangosteen, demonstrated good protection of plasmid DNA against free radical damage. Overall, the study found the selected fruits to have promising antioxidant
Comparative effect of gamma irradiation, uv c and hot water on antioxidantDr Asif Ahmad
This study compared the effects of gamma irradiation, UV-C light, and hot water treatment on retaining antioxidants in mango fruit during storage. Gamma irradiation at 0.5 kGy was the most effective at retaining total polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in both the peel and pulp of two mango varieties, white and black Chaunsa, over 28 days of storage. UV-C light treatment was also better than hot water treatment. The white Chaunsa variety generally had better retention of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity compared to black Chaunsa. Overall, gamma irradiation showed potential for commercial use to extend mango shelf life while minimizing antioxidant losses during storage.
ABSTRACT- The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro antioxidant activity and anti-bacterial activity of the petroleum ether, ethyl acetate
and methanol extract obtained from the whole part of Jurinea dolomiaea Boiss (Asteraceae). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of these extracts
were determined as gallic acid and rutin equivalents, respectively. Total antioxidant activity, reducing power of these extract were evaluated as ascorbic
acid and gallic acid equivalents, respectively. ABTS free radical scavenging activity is expressed as trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity
(TEAC). The antibacterial activity of the extract was investigated by disc diffusion method. The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed moderate
activity against E. coli and S. aureus.
Key words: Jurinea dolomiaea; Total phenolic; Total flavonoid; Total antioxidant; Free radical scavenging activity; Antibacterial activity.
EVALUATION OF ANTI-OXIDANT AND ANTI-TUMOUR ACTIVITIES OF CROTON LAEVIGATUS Vahl.DAWN V TOMY
The document is a thesis submitted by Dawn V Tomy for the degree of Master of Pharmacy in Pharmacology. It discusses conducting a study on the plant Croton laevigatus Vahl. The objectives are to determine the phytochemicals, toxicity, cytotoxic and antitumor activities, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of C. laevigatus. The plan of work involves extraction of the plant leaves, phytochemical analysis, subacute toxicity studies, and evaluation of cytotoxicity, antioxidant activities and other pharmacological properties.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS SOLVENT EXTRAC...IJSIT Editor
The document summarizes a study on the phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts from Annona reticulata. Key findings:
1) Leaves were extracted using ethyl acetate, butanol, and methanol. Phytochemical screening found alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, and coumarins present.
2) Antimicrobial testing found the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed the highest inhibitory activity against E. coli, P. putida, and L. acidophilus compared to butanol.
3) FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of functional groups like -CH, -OH, CH-OH and –NH2, indicating
Pratap Singh1*, Rajendra Singh1, Nitin Sati2, Om Prakash Sati1
1Department of Chemistry, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
*Address for Correspondence: Pratap Singh, PhD Scholar, Department of Chemistry, HNB Garhwal University
Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
Received: 15 September 2016/Revised: 28 September 2016/Accepted: 26 October 2016
ABSTRACT- Impatiens sulcata is an annual plant used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of several
ailments, seeds are edible, plant paste is applied to prevent utricaria, itching, eczema, pimples and mucilage is used as an
abortifacient. Methanolic extract of Impatiens sulcata and its various fractions were screened for phytochemical analysis,
antioxidant potential by total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total antioxidant activity, DPPH scavenging
activity, reducing power and ABTS scavenging activity, while antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion assay against a set
of bacterial and fungal strains. Petroleum ether and methanolic extract showed higher free radical scavenging activity and
phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids and triterpenoids. In biological assay, the extracts
showed the moderate antimicrobial activity.
Key-words- Impatiens sulcata; Phytochemical analysis; Antioxidant potential; Anti-bacterial activity; Anti-fungal
activity;
Phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activity of extracts of jasm...SriramNagarajan16
Objectives
The aims of this research were to carry out the preliminary phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity
of different extracts of J. sessiliflorum. The different anti-oxidant methods carried out were DPPH
scavenging method, NBT dye reduction method and nitric oxide scavenging method
Methods
Extracts were prepared by reflux method using different polarity solvents. The extracts were evap orated
using rotary evaporator. Antioxidant activities using DPPH, NBT dye reduction method and nitric oxide
scavenging methods and the correlation of their IC50 values with standards were carried out.
Results
The ethanolic herbs extract of J. sessiliflorum had the lowest IC50 values in all the anti-oxidant methods.
Moreover, the ethanolic extracts showed the presence greatest amount of phytochemical constituents. The
IC50 values were correlated with the IC50 values of standards in all the anti- oxidant activity determination
methods.
Conclusions
The results of the present study indicate that the extracts of J.sessiliflorum exhibited strong antioxidant
activity and thus it is a good source of antioxidant.
This document describes a method for estimating total phenols using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Phenolic compounds are important plant antioxidants. The method involves preparing plant extracts in methanol and mixing them with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and sodium carbonate. The absorbance is then measured to determine the total phenol content based on a gallic acid standard curve. The total phenolic content measurement provides information about a plant's antioxidant properties and potential health benefits.
The document discusses guidelines for standardization and quality control of herbal drugs and formulations. It describes various parameters for standardization including macroscopic, microscopic, physical, chemical and biological evaluations. Specific tests covered include determination of foreign matter, ash values, extractive values, water soluble ash, total solid content, water content, volatile oil content, bitterness value, haemolytic activity, tannin content, swelling index and foaming index. Standardization helps in confirmation of identity, quality and purity of herbal drugs.
Peanut skins were milled and extracted with 70% ethanol-water to extract antioxidants. The solution was concentrated using rotary evaporation and then spray dried at 160°C inlet and 90°C outlet temperatures, with or without added maltodextrin. Analysis found the spray dried products had higher antioxidant capacity than blueberries or cinnamon, as measured by ORAC value. Further testing is needed to determine applications by analyzing solubility, protein content, and potential allergenicity of the final products.
The study investigated the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Fagonia indica through biochemical, phytochemical, and antioxidant analyses as well as testing antibacterial properties. Biochemical analysis found the aqueous fraction contained the highest reducing sugars and methanol fraction the highest proteins. Phytochemical analysis identified tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and ascorbic acid in different fractions. Antioxidant analysis revealed the methanol extract had the highest total phenolics and antioxidants as well as strongest DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide radical scavenging activities. The antibacterial assay tested fractions against Streptococcus pyogenes using disc diffusion and serial dilution methods.
The document summarizes a study that investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Pterospermum acerifolium. The study found that the ethyl acetate fraction of P. acerifolium showed the highest free radical scavenging activity in various in vitro antioxidant assays. This fraction also demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects in both in vivo and in vitro models of inflammation. The results support the traditional use of P. acerifolium for reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
The document summarizes a study that investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Pterospermum acerifolium. The study found that the ethyl acetate fraction of P. acerifolium showed the highest free radical scavenging activity in various in vitro antioxidant assays. This fraction also demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects in both in vivo and in vitro models of inflammation. The results support the traditional use of P. acerifolium for reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
The document presents a research project report that studied the antioxidant properties of methanolic and aqueous extracts of 10 medicinal plants. Fresh fruits and peels of the plants were collected and dried. Methanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared and tested for their antioxidant activity, superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, and reducing power. The methanolic extract of ginger showed the highest DPPH reduction and reducing power, while the methanolic extract of garlic showed the highest superoxide anion radical scavenging reduction. The study provides information on the antioxidant properties and potential of different medicinal plant extracts.
in vitro study on total phenols and flavonoids content and dpph activity of w...IJEAB
The escalating interest in appraisal of antioxidant power of herbal plant as medicine, the current study was carried out to explore the antioxidant potential of aqueous extracts of Withania somnifera root and Withania coagulan fruit in-vitro. Antioxidant activity; total phenol,total flavonoids and DPPH free radical scavenging assay of Withania somnifera root and Withania coagulans fruit aqueous extracts were determined by using reference standards gallic acid, quercetin and ascorbic acid, respectively. The highest total phenols content (mgGAE/g) and total flavonoids content (mgQE/g) was found to be 33.1±0.82 and 1.86±0.01 respectively in aqueous somnifera root extracts as compared to coagulans fruit extract . The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the both extracts was increased with the increasing concentration and was observed high in aqueous extract insomniferaroot (IC50= 54) than coagulans fruit (69μg/ml) aqueous extract.Thus,Withania somnifera root has potent antioxidant activity and may serve as a good pharmacotherapeutic agent which could be explored to provide affordable medicines to masses.
Quantitative analysis of total phenolic content in avocado (persia americana)...Alexander Decker
This study analyzed the total phenolic content in avocado (Persia Americana) seeds from the Eastern Province of Kenya. Avocado seeds from five varieties were extracted at different temperatures and their total phenolic content was quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The maximum phenolic content of 18.55 ± 2.8 mg/g was found in extracts of the Fuerte variety extracted at 50°C. Increasing the extraction temperature to 70°C and 100°C resulted in 10.3% and 32.1% decreases in total phenolic content, respectively, likely due to degradation of thermosensitive phenolic compounds. Overall, an extraction temperature of 50°C was found to be most
Screening of antioxidant phytoextracts of Canarium odontophyllum (Miq.) leave...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
This document summarizes Natalie Rivera Ortiz's quantitative analysis of phytochemicals in antidiabetic plant extracts. The objectives were to quantify flavonoids, total phenolic compounds, and saponins in extracts of Tapeinochuilus annanassae, Syzygium jambos, Costus speciosus, and Tradescantia spathacea using calibration curves. Flavonoid content ranged from 13.7 to 29.8 mg QE/g DW. Total phenolic content ranged from 0.14 to 0.45 mg QE in aqueous extracts and 0.034 to 0.18 mg QE in methanolic extracts. Future work will determine saponin
37.Studies on the chemical and medicinal value of Vitex negundo Linn.Annadurai B
This document summarizes a study on the chemical and medicinal value of Vitex negundo Linn leaves. The study found that the leaves contain phytochemicals like glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, and volatile oils. Extracts of the leaves showed antioxidant properties like superoxide scavenging and anti-inflammatory effects in mice models. Glycosides isolated from the leaves also demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified the phytochemical constituents in the volatile oil. The results support the traditional use of V. negundo for its long-term antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential anti-cancer properties.
This document summarizes a study on the antioxidant and DNA protective properties of extracts from four Mauritian fruits - olive, bilimbi, amla, and mangosteen. Chemical profiling of the extracts found a variety of phytochemicals including phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenes. Mangosteen extracts had the highest total phenol and flavonoid contents. Mangosteen and bilimbi extracts also showed the strongest antioxidant activities in DPPH radical scavenging assays. Certain extracts, especially dichloromethane and hexane fractions of mangosteen, demonstrated good protection of plasmid DNA against free radical damage. Overall, the study found the selected fruits to have promising antioxidant
Comparative effect of gamma irradiation, uv c and hot water on antioxidantDr Asif Ahmad
This study compared the effects of gamma irradiation, UV-C light, and hot water treatment on retaining antioxidants in mango fruit during storage. Gamma irradiation at 0.5 kGy was the most effective at retaining total polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in both the peel and pulp of two mango varieties, white and black Chaunsa, over 28 days of storage. UV-C light treatment was also better than hot water treatment. The white Chaunsa variety generally had better retention of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity compared to black Chaunsa. Overall, gamma irradiation showed potential for commercial use to extend mango shelf life while minimizing antioxidant losses during storage.
ABSTRACT- The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro antioxidant activity and anti-bacterial activity of the petroleum ether, ethyl acetate
and methanol extract obtained from the whole part of Jurinea dolomiaea Boiss (Asteraceae). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of these extracts
were determined as gallic acid and rutin equivalents, respectively. Total antioxidant activity, reducing power of these extract were evaluated as ascorbic
acid and gallic acid equivalents, respectively. ABTS free radical scavenging activity is expressed as trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity
(TEAC). The antibacterial activity of the extract was investigated by disc diffusion method. The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed moderate
activity against E. coli and S. aureus.
Key words: Jurinea dolomiaea; Total phenolic; Total flavonoid; Total antioxidant; Free radical scavenging activity; Antibacterial activity.
EVALUATION OF ANTI-OXIDANT AND ANTI-TUMOUR ACTIVITIES OF CROTON LAEVIGATUS Vahl.DAWN V TOMY
The document is a thesis submitted by Dawn V Tomy for the degree of Master of Pharmacy in Pharmacology. It discusses conducting a study on the plant Croton laevigatus Vahl. The objectives are to determine the phytochemicals, toxicity, cytotoxic and antitumor activities, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of C. laevigatus. The plan of work involves extraction of the plant leaves, phytochemical analysis, subacute toxicity studies, and evaluation of cytotoxicity, antioxidant activities and other pharmacological properties.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS SOLVENT EXTRAC...IJSIT Editor
The document summarizes a study on the phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts from Annona reticulata. Key findings:
1) Leaves were extracted using ethyl acetate, butanol, and methanol. Phytochemical screening found alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, and coumarins present.
2) Antimicrobial testing found the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed the highest inhibitory activity against E. coli, P. putida, and L. acidophilus compared to butanol.
3) FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of functional groups like -CH, -OH, CH-OH and –NH2, indicating
Pratap Singh1*, Rajendra Singh1, Nitin Sati2, Om Prakash Sati1
1Department of Chemistry, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
*Address for Correspondence: Pratap Singh, PhD Scholar, Department of Chemistry, HNB Garhwal University
Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
Received: 15 September 2016/Revised: 28 September 2016/Accepted: 26 October 2016
ABSTRACT- Impatiens sulcata is an annual plant used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of several
ailments, seeds are edible, plant paste is applied to prevent utricaria, itching, eczema, pimples and mucilage is used as an
abortifacient. Methanolic extract of Impatiens sulcata and its various fractions were screened for phytochemical analysis,
antioxidant potential by total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total antioxidant activity, DPPH scavenging
activity, reducing power and ABTS scavenging activity, while antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion assay against a set
of bacterial and fungal strains. Petroleum ether and methanolic extract showed higher free radical scavenging activity and
phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids and triterpenoids. In biological assay, the extracts
showed the moderate antimicrobial activity.
Key-words- Impatiens sulcata; Phytochemical analysis; Antioxidant potential; Anti-bacterial activity; Anti-fungal
activity;
Phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activity of extracts of jasm...SriramNagarajan16
Objectives
The aims of this research were to carry out the preliminary phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity
of different extracts of J. sessiliflorum. The different anti-oxidant methods carried out were DPPH
scavenging method, NBT dye reduction method and nitric oxide scavenging method
Methods
Extracts were prepared by reflux method using different polarity solvents. The extracts were evap orated
using rotary evaporator. Antioxidant activities using DPPH, NBT dye reduction method and nitric oxide
scavenging methods and the correlation of their IC50 values with standards were carried out.
Results
The ethanolic herbs extract of J. sessiliflorum had the lowest IC50 values in all the anti-oxidant methods.
Moreover, the ethanolic extracts showed the presence greatest amount of phytochemical constituents. The
IC50 values were correlated with the IC50 values of standards in all the anti- oxidant activity determination
methods.
Conclusions
The results of the present study indicate that the extracts of J.sessiliflorum exhibited strong antioxidant
activity and thus it is a good source of antioxidant.
This document describes a method for estimating total phenols using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Phenolic compounds are important plant antioxidants. The method involves preparing plant extracts in methanol and mixing them with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and sodium carbonate. The absorbance is then measured to determine the total phenol content based on a gallic acid standard curve. The total phenolic content measurement provides information about a plant's antioxidant properties and potential health benefits.
The document discusses guidelines for standardization and quality control of herbal drugs and formulations. It describes various parameters for standardization including macroscopic, microscopic, physical, chemical and biological evaluations. Specific tests covered include determination of foreign matter, ash values, extractive values, water soluble ash, total solid content, water content, volatile oil content, bitterness value, haemolytic activity, tannin content, swelling index and foaming index. Standardization helps in confirmation of identity, quality and purity of herbal drugs.
Peanut skins were milled and extracted with 70% ethanol-water to extract antioxidants. The solution was concentrated using rotary evaporation and then spray dried at 160°C inlet and 90°C outlet temperatures, with or without added maltodextrin. Analysis found the spray dried products had higher antioxidant capacity than blueberries or cinnamon, as measured by ORAC value. Further testing is needed to determine applications by analyzing solubility, protein content, and potential allergenicity of the final products.
The study investigated the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Fagonia indica through biochemical, phytochemical, and antioxidant analyses as well as testing antibacterial properties. Biochemical analysis found the aqueous fraction contained the highest reducing sugars and methanol fraction the highest proteins. Phytochemical analysis identified tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and ascorbic acid in different fractions. Antioxidant analysis revealed the methanol extract had the highest total phenolics and antioxidants as well as strongest DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide radical scavenging activities. The antibacterial assay tested fractions against Streptococcus pyogenes using disc diffusion and serial dilution methods.
The document summarizes a study that investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Pterospermum acerifolium. The study found that the ethyl acetate fraction of P. acerifolium showed the highest free radical scavenging activity in various in vitro antioxidant assays. This fraction also demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects in both in vivo and in vitro models of inflammation. The results support the traditional use of P. acerifolium for reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
The document summarizes a study that investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Pterospermum acerifolium. The study found that the ethyl acetate fraction of P. acerifolium showed the highest free radical scavenging activity in various in vitro antioxidant assays. This fraction also demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects in both in vivo and in vitro models of inflammation. The results support the traditional use of P. acerifolium for reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
The document presents a research project report that studied the antioxidant properties of methanolic and aqueous extracts of 10 medicinal plants. Fresh fruits and peels of the plants were collected and dried. Methanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared and tested for their antioxidant activity, superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, and reducing power. The methanolic extract of ginger showed the highest DPPH reduction and reducing power, while the methanolic extract of garlic showed the highest superoxide anion radical scavenging reduction. The study provides information on the antioxidant properties and potential of different medicinal plant extracts.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activities of Organic Extracts from Ammodaucus ...CrimsonAlternativemedicine
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activities of Organic Extracts from Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss & Dur Fruit Part Harvested from the Algerian Sahara by Imad Abdelhamid El Haci in Advances in Complementary & Alternative medicine
Aromatic and medicinal plants are a good source of natural preparations containing effective bioactive compounds which can be used for different applications. This work aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity of some organic extracts of Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss & Dur fruit part. The whole plant was collected from the region of Beni Abbas (Bechar-Algeria).
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Extraction of Secondary Metabolites from Roots of Acanthus Ilicifolius L and ...inventionjournals
The root extracts of Acanthus ilicifolius L finds a prominent place in folk medicine. In this study, we
extracted alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin and total phenols in benzene, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and
ethanol, their antibacterial activity and antioxidant activity was evaluated. The antioxidant activity is executed
by FRAP assay and agar well diffusion method is done to study the antibacterial activity against Enterobacter
aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus
pyogenes. The antibacterial activity of all the extracts was compared with standard antibiotic gentamicin.
The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration [MIC] was determined by serial dilution method. Alkaloids are rich in
acetone and Flavonoids are high in methanol extracts. The acetone extract showed higher antioxidant activity,
while benzene extract was identified to contain lower antioxidant activity. The extent of inhibition by the root
extracts diverge between the solvents used, among them ethanol extracts exhibited higher level of inhibition
against the gram positive test cultures compared to gram negative test cultures employed. Whereas, the acetone
extracts efficacy is more on gram negative test cultures than the gram positive cultures. The MIC was found to
be between 1mg/100µl to 5mg/100µl. This study gives the source for purification and characterization of
bioactive principles that possess antioxidant and antibacterial action from the root of Acanthus ilicifolius.
This document summarizes a student's evaluation of the antioxidant and anthelminthic activity of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaf extract. The student conducted phytochemical screening of the leaf extract, which showed the presence of alkaloids, amino acids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, carbohydrates, phenols, and tannins. Anthelminthic assays found that the extract paralyzed and killed earthworms in a time-dependent manner. Antioxidant assays determined the extract had DPPH radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and NO radical scavenging activities with IC50 values of 188.17 μg/ml,
Tinospora Cordifolia the magical Herb (Giloy)Vedant Patel
Advanced Herbal drug technology,A Presentation on
Extraction, isolation and standardization of Phytochemicals in Crude extract of Tinospora Cordifolia (Giloy, gulvel,giloe, Amrita,garo).It Shows presence of flavonoids and Alkaloids which shows Anti-cancer,Anti-oxidants, Anti-viral, Anti-inflammatory and Anti-allergic activity by boosting host immune system. it also involves different test for identification of Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins,tanins, glycoside.
The word “banana” is a general term comprising a number of species or hybrids in the genus Musa of family Musaceae. Many studies reported that banana is a good source of phenolic compounds, which are having potential health benefits in human beings. The phytochemical composition of eight banana varieties was investigated. Quantitative estimation of phytochemicals revealed that highest alkaloid and tannin content was noticed in variety Nendran (3.76% and 4.40 mg/100g respectively). Whereas, variety Rasakadali exhibited highest flavonoid content (9.49 mg/100). Total phenol and saponin content was found higher in variety Kadali (0.82% and 11.6 mg/100g respectively).
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacyiosrphr_editor
This study evaluated the antimicrobial potential of combining lyophilized powder from the bark of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi and the essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum L. as a preservative system in an oil-in-water emulsion. Testing showed the combination was effective against common bacteria and fungi. The emulsion containing 5% of each herbal drug passed a challenge test, demonstrating its ability to inhibit microbial growth over 28 days, suggesting it could be used as a natural preservative alternative to parabens.
Antifungal Activities and Phytochemical Screening of Xanthium strumariumDheeraj Vasu
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the antifungal activities and phytochemical composition of Xanthium strumarium (cocklebur) extracts. Leaf extracts of X. strumarium in distilled water and methanol were tested against 5 fungi (Alternaria brassicae, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici, Sclerotium rolfsii) at concentrations from 50-250 mg/ml. Both extracts inhibited fungal growth, with methanol extracts completely inhibiting some fungi at higher concentrations. F. oxysporum was most susceptible while A. brassicae and B. cinerea were most resistant. Phytochem
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacyiosrphr_editor
The study evaluated the antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of organic solvent extracts of Calotropis gigantea leaves. Ethanol and methanol extracts showed the highest antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens compared to chloroform and n-hexane extracts. The ethanol extract was most effective against Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Proteus mirablis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of cardiac glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, steroids and terpenoids in the extracts. The results confirm the antimicrobial activity of C. gigantea extracts against human pathogens.
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacyiosrphr_editor
This study evaluated the antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of Calotropis gigantea leaf extracts. The leaves were extracted using ethanol, methanol, chloroform and n-hexane solvents. The extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity against various bacteria and fungi using the agar well diffusion method. The ethanol extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity against pathogens like Candida albicans and Proteus mirablis. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of compounds like alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids in the extracts. The results confirm that C. gigantea extracts have antibacterial and antifungal properties against human pathogens.
This document evaluates the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Murraya koenigii leaf extract. It summarizes two experiments: 1) HRBC membrane stabilization method, which found that M. koenigii extract stabilized red blood cell membranes up to 69.15% at 1000 μg/ml, indicating anti-inflammatory effects. 2) Protein denaturation inhibition method, which found that M. koenigii extract inhibited protein denaturation up to 85.35% at 800 μg/ml. The study supports the use of M. koenigii in treating inflammation due to the presence of flavonoids and carbazole alkaloids that have known anti-inflammatory activity.
NEPHROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF AERIAL PARTS OF BAUHINIA PURPUREApharmaindexing
The document discusses a study investigating the phytochemicals and nephroprotective potential of Bauhinia purpurea. General phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, tannins, and terpenoids in B. purpurea. Chromatography of the ethanol extract led to the isolation of a white crystalline compound, which was identified as β-sitosterol based on NMR analysis. Administration of the ethanol extract of B. purpurea leaves and pods was found to protect against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
Mormodica charantia Linn. A Potential Antibiotic and Anti-Fungal Druginventionjournals
Resistant or multi resistant strains are continuously appearing in the treatment of ailments and this necessitates the synthesis of new drugs especially from naturally occurring plants. Momordica charantia is a very common indigenous plant of tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial analysis were conducted using recommended procedures. Ethanol and water were used for the extraction and Ultraviolet Visible and Infrared Spectroscope were used to identify the functional groups. Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones were all present in both the ethanolic and aqueous extracts, terpenoids was only present in aqueous extract while cardiac glycosides was not present in both extracts. Concentration (200mg/ml) revealed the highest clear zone of inhibition in both aqueous and ethanol extracts. The zone of inhibition increases with increase in concentration of sample. The ethanol extract shows the higher clear zone of inhibition when compared to aqueous extract with a diameter of zones of inhibition of 28, 26, 24, 26, 26 and 24mm for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginesa, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively. The aqueous extract has no effect at concentration (6.25mg/ml) because no clear zone of inhibition was measured. The antimicrobial activity for aqueous extract was lower than and not as effective as ethanol extract because ethanol is a phenolic compound and non-polar solvent when compared with water that is a polar solvent. Infrared spectra showed OH stretch due to phenol was observed at 3702 cm-1 , - C - H stretch (alkane) at 2972cm-1 , C - H bending vibration (alkane) at 1381cm-1 , - C - N and – C = N at 2077cm-1 , NH stretching at 3375cm-1 . The results indicate that it contained a phenolic, amine and amide substitute. Therapeutic drugs with antibiotic and antifungal activities can be synthesized from Mormodica charantia
Mormodica charantia Linn. A Potential Antibiotic and Anti-Fungal Druginventionjournals
Resistant or multi resistant strains are continuously appearing in the treatment of ailments and this necessitates the synthesis of new drugs especially from naturally occurring plants. Momordica charantia is a very common indigenous plant of tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial analysis were conducted using recommended procedures. Ethanol and water were used for the extraction and Ultraviolet Visible and Infrared Spectroscope were used to identify the functional groups. Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones were all present in both the ethanolic and aqueous extracts, terpenoids was only present in aqueous extract while cardiac glycosides was not present in both extracts. Concentration (200mg/ml) revealed the highest clear zone of inhibition in both aqueous and ethanol extracts. The zone of inhibition increases with increase in concentration of sample. The ethanol extract shows the higher clear zone of inhibition when compared to aqueous extract with a diameter of zones of inhibition of 28, 26, 24, 26, 26 and 24mm for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginesa, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively. The aqueous extract has no effect at concentration (6.25mg/ml) because no clear zone of inhibition was measured. The antimicrobial activity for aqueous extract was lower than and not as effective as ethanol extract because ethanol is a phenolic compound and non-polar solvent when compared with water that is a polar solvent. Infrared spectra showed OH stretch due to phenol was observed at 3702 cm-1 , - C - H stretch (alkane) at 2972cm-1 , C - H bending vibration (alkane) at 1381cm-1 , - C - N and – C = N at 2077cm-1 , NH stretching at 3375cm-1 . The results indicate that it contained a phenolic, amine and amide substitute. Therapeutic drugs with antibiotic and antifungal activities can be synthesized from Mormodica charantia.
Antioxidant and-anticancer-activities-of-moringa-leavesSilentdisco Berlin
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
Pharmacognostic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of fractions of the l...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
This document summarizes a study that investigated the pharmacognostic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of Kigelia africana Lam. Benth leaves. Pharmacognostic evaluation of the leaf's physical characteristics and microscopic anatomy was performed. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The crude methanol extract and fractions showed significant antioxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging assays. Testing against bacterial and fungal strains found that the crude extract and fractions inhibited the growth of most pathogens, except the aqueous fraction. The results support traditional use of K. africana for treating infectious diseases.
This particular slides consist of- what is hypotension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is the summary of hypotension:
Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is when the pressure of blood circulating in the body is lower than normal or expected. It's only a problem if it negatively impacts the body and causes symptoms. Normal blood pressure is usually between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg, but pressures below 90/60 are generally considered hypotensive.
R3 Stem Cell Therapy: A New Hope for Women with Ovarian FailureR3 Stem Cell
Discover the groundbreaking advancements in stem cell therapy by R3 Stem Cell, offering new hope for women with ovarian failure. This innovative treatment aims to restore ovarian function, improve fertility, and enhance overall well-being, revolutionizing reproductive health for women worldwide.
End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) is the level of carbon dioxide that is released at the end of an exhaled breath. ETCO2 levels reflect the adequacy with which carbon dioxide (CO2) is carried in the blood back to the lungs and exhaled.
Non-invasive methods for ETCO2 measurement include capnometry and capnography. Capnometry provides a numerical value for ETCO2. In contrast, capnography delivers a more comprehensive measurement that is displayed in both graphical (waveform) and numerical form.
Sidestream devices can monitor both intubated and non-intubated patients, while mainstream devices are most often limited to intubated patients.
Hypertension and it's role of physiotherapy in it.Vishal kr Thakur
This particular slides consist of- what is hypertension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is summary of hypertension -
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a serious medical condition that occurs when blood pressure in the body's arteries is consistently too high. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels as the heart pumps it. Hypertension can increase the risk of heart disease, brain disease, kidney disease, and premature death.
The Importance of Black Women Understanding the Chemicals in Their Personal C...bkling
Certain chemicals, such as phthalates and parabens, can disrupt the body's hormones and have significant effects on health. According to data, hormone-related health issues such as uterine fibroids, infertility, early puberty and more aggressive forms of breast and endometrial cancers disproportionately affect Black women. Our guest speaker, Jasmine A. McDonald, PhD, an Assistant Professor in the Department of Epidemiology at Columbia University in New York City, discusses the scientific reasons why Black women should pay attention to specific chemicals in their personal care products, like hair care, and ways to minimize their exposure.
At Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, Full Service includes individualized care for every client. We specifically design each massage session for the individual needs of the client. Our therapists are always willing to adjust the treatments based on the client's instruction and feedback. This guarantees that every client receives the treatment they expect.
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Sectional dentures for microstomia patients.pptxSatvikaPrasad
Microstomia, characterized by an abnormally small oral aperture, presents significant challenges in prosthodontic treatment, including limited access for examination, difficulties in impression making, and challenges with prosthesis insertion and removal. To manage these issues, customized impression techniques using sectional trays and elastomeric materials are employed. Prostheses may be designed in segments or with flexible materials to facilitate handling. Minimally invasive procedures and the use of digital technologies can enhance patient comfort. Education and training for patients on prosthesis care and maintenance are crucial for compliance. Regular follow-up and a multidisciplinary approach, involving collaboration with other specialists, ensure comprehensive care and improved quality of life for microstomia patients.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES FOR CHILDREN.pdfSachin Sharma
Here are some key objectives of communication with children:
Build Trust and Security:
Establish a safe and supportive environment where children feel comfortable expressing themselves.
Encourage Expression:
Enable children to articulate their thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
Promote Emotional Understanding:
Help children identify and understand their own emotions and the emotions of others.
Enhance Listening Skills:
Develop children’s ability to listen attentively and respond appropriately.
Foster Positive Relationships:
Strengthen the bond between children and caregivers, peers, and other adults.
Support Learning and Development:
Aid cognitive and language development through engaging and meaningful conversations.
Teach Social Skills:
Encourage polite, respectful, and empathetic interactions with others.
Resolve Conflicts:
Provide tools and guidance for children to handle disagreements constructively.
Encourage Independence:
Support children in making decisions and solving problems on their own.
Provide Reassurance and Comfort:
Offer comfort and understanding during times of distress or uncertainty.
Reinforce Positive Behavior:
Acknowledge and encourage positive actions and behaviors.
Guide and Educate:
Offer clear instructions and explanations to help children understand expectations and learn new concepts.
By focusing on these objectives, communication with children can be both effective and nurturing, supporting their overall growth and well-being.
VEDANTA AIR AMBULANCE SERVICES IN REWA AT A COST-EFFECTIVE PRICE.pdfVedanta A
Air Ambulance Services In Rewa works in close coordination with ground-based emergency services, including local Emergency Medical Services, fire departments, and law enforcement agencies.
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NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT WITH EMPHYSEMA .PPTblessyjannu21
Prepared by Prof. BLESSY THOMAS, VICE PRINCIPAL, FNCON, SPN.
Emphysema is a disease condition of respiratory system.
Emphysema is an abnormal permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls and without obvious fibrosis.
Emphysema of lung is defined as hyper inflation of the lung ais spaces due to obstruction of non respiratory bronchioles as due to loss of elasticity of alveoli.
It is a type of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease.
It is a progressive disease of lungs.
2. Introduction
Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn. (Maidenhair fern) is a tufted fern belonging to Pteridaceae family
The herb is widely grown in warm-temperature to tropical, with high moisture content .
Adiantum generally occur in the mountainous region of throughout India; in plains they grow on
rocks inhabiting in shady places near swamps and on slopes of lower hills.
India is profusely rich in the history of medicinal plants and its 75% folk population is still using
herbal Preparation in the form of powder, extracts.
Maidenhair fern has been frequently used in Indian Traditional Medicine (ITM) for different
medicinal aspects. It was well known for thousands of years.
3. They are mainly used as expectorant, diuretic, febrifuge, hair tonic, in chest diseases, to
treat hard tumoursin spleen, antimicrobial and anti cancerous .
They are also used as detoxicant in alcoholism and to expel worms from the body.
It is most effective for young women and those having trouble getting back on cycle after
birthing, nursing or coming of birth control pills.
(Brendler et al., 2008)
4. Review of literature
Paper Name Conclusion
Medicinal Properties of
Adiantum capillus - veneris
Linn. in Traditional Medicine
and Modern Phytotherapy
A. Capillus veneris frond can be a good candidate for clinical purpose.
However, in spite of different in vitro and in vivo researches, lack of
comprehensive clinical trials focused on considered activities are remaining
to establish the traditional information.
Medicinal plants possessed
antioxidant and free radical
scavenging effects
This review was designed to highlight the antioxidant effects and free
radical scavenging activity of medicinal plants.
5. Aim and Objectives
The aim of the present study was to find out the medicinal efficacy of Adiantum Capillus Veneris leaf
extract and the aim was achieved by following objective:-
i. Collection and Preparation of crude extract in methanol and water
ii. Qualitative and quantitative study of Adiantum Capillus-Veneris
iii. Analysis of antioxidant activity of Adiantum Capillus-Veneris methanolic extracts
7. Qualitative screening of phytochemicals
The phytochemical screening of different extracts was be carried out to
determine the presence of active secondary metabolites.
The plant extracts was screened for the presence of reducing sugars, alkaloids,
saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids, according to establish
procedures.
8. Phytochemical screening methods
Qualitative analysis
Phytochemical Tests Reagents Positive result
Alkaloids • Dragendorff’s test
• Wagner test
• Mayer test
• Dragendorff’s reagent
• Wagner’s reagent
• 1% Hcl mayer’s reagent
• Prominent yellow precipitate
• Reddish brown precipitate
• Turbid extract is
obtained
Flavonoids • Ammonia test
• Sodium hydroxides test
• 1% NH3
• 20% NaOH . HCL
• Yellow colour
• Yellow colour turns to colourless
Tannins • Ferric chloride test • 5% Fecl3 • Blue-black or blue-green colouration
Phenolic • Gelatine test
• Lead acetate test
• Ellagic acid test
• 1% gelatine solution
containing 10%Nacl
• 10%lead acetate
• 5%glacial acetic acid
• White precipitate
• Bulky white precipitate
• Muddy brown
9. Saponins Foam test 20ml H2O mixed Presence of froth
Terpenoids • Salkowski test • 0.5ml chloroform 1ml cons.
H2SO4
• Reddish brown colouration
carbohydrate • Molisch test • Cons.HCl • Violet ring
Proteins • Biuret test • 4%NaOH,1%CuSO4 • Violet or pink colour
10. Choice of solvents
Successfully determination of biologically active compound depends on the type of solvent used in the extraction
procedure.
Solvents used for active component extraction
Solvents Methanol
Alkaloids +
Anthocyanin -
Flavonoids +
Steroids +
Tannins +
11. Quantitative screening of phytochemicals
Quantification of Total Phenolic contents
Total phenolic content of each plant extract was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method
Concentration used was 25µl, 50µl, 75µl and 100µl
solution was mixed with 10µl of fresh Folin Ciocalteu reagent
And then add 100µl of Na2CO3 (7.5%) sol. and 130µl of distilled water.
The plates were incubated for 90 minutes at 300 C. The absorbance was measured at 750nm.
The results were expressed as Gallic acid equivalents (mg gallic acid/g dried extract).
14. Quantification of Total flavonoid contents
Aluminium chloride method ( Kumar et al., 2016)
Total flavonoid content was calculated from calibration curve of quercetin (5-100 μg/ml) and expressed in terms of
quercetin equivalents (QE) per gram of the extract.
The total content of phenolic compounds in the plant extracts in QE equivalents (QE) was calculated using the
following equation-
C=
𝑐∗𝑉
𝑚
where ‘C’ is total content of phenolic compounds in mg/g plant extract in QE, ‘c’ is the concentration of quercetin
estimated from the calibration curve (mg/ml), ‘V’ is the volume of extract in ml and m is the weight of crude plant
extract in grams.
Al Snafi:, et al (2015)
16. Nitric oxide assay
Chemicals Required
Phosphate buffer saline PBS PH 7.4, sodium nitroprusside,
sulfanilic acid, Naphthylethylene diamine dihydrochloride
(NED)
Methodology
2 ml of sodium nitroprusside in 0.5 ml of PBS was mixed with 0.5 ml of extract at various
concentrations
incubated at 23°C for 150 min
0.5 ml was taken out from the incubated solution and added into 1 ml of sulfanilic acid reagent
(0.33 % in 20 % glacial acetic acid)
incubated at RT 23°C for 5 min
17. Finally, 1 ml of NED (0.1% v/v) was mixed
incubated at RT for 30 min
absorbance at 540 nm was measured with a
spectrophotometer
The NO radical scavenging activity was calculated according to
the following equation:
Where Ao = absorbance of the control (blank, without extract); As = absorbance in
the presence of the extrac
Kumar et al (2009)
18. Result For Nitric Oxide Test
Nitric oxide scavenging activity Adiantum capillus veneris
0 200 400 600
0
20
40
60
80
100
methanolic leaf extract
positive control
(Ascorbic acid)
concentration of extract in g/ml
pecentageinhibition
19. Chemicals Required
Methionine, EDTA, sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.8)
Nitrobluetetrazolium (NBT)
Methodology
superoxide anion was generated in 3 ml of tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), containing 1 ml NBT
solution, 1 ml of NADH, 0.3 ml of different concentrations of the extract
reaction was initiated by adding 0.75 ml
phenazine methosulfate to the mixture
incubated at RT 23°C for 5 min
absorbance at 560 nm was measured with a
spectrophotometer
Super Oxide Scavenging Assay
20. Superoxide radical scavenging activity was calculated according to the following
equation:
Ao = absorbance of the blank without extract (control); As = absorbance in presence of
extract
(Pan chen et al., 2011)
22. DPPH Scavenging Assay
DPPH solution (0.004% w/v) was prepared in 95% of methanol
A Stock solution of methanoic extract and standard ascorbic acid was prepared in the concentration of
10mg/10ml
From stock solution 20ml, 40ml, 60ml, 80ml, 100ml of this solution was taken in five test tube respectively
2ml of freshly prepared DPPH solution were added in each of the test tubes
The reaction mixture was incubated in dark for 15 min and thereafter the optical density was recorded at 523nm
Against the blank.
23. For the control, 2ml of DPPH solution in methanol was mixed with 100ml of ethanol and the optical density of the
Solution was recorded after 30 min . The assay was carried out in triplicates.
RESULT
DPPH scavenging activity Adiantum capillus veneris
0 200 400 600
0
20
40
60
80
100
methanolic leaf extract
positive control
(Ascorbic acid)
concentration of extract in g/ml
pecentageinhibition
24. • Pan, C.; Chen, Y.G.; Ma, X.Y.; Jiang, J.H.; He, F.; Zhang, Y. Phytochemical constituents and
pharmacological activities of plants from the genus Adiantum: A review. Trop. J. Pharm.
Res. 2011, 10, 681–692.
• Kumar, N. Important medicinal plants of tehsil Joginder Nagar, district Mandi, H.P., India.
Int. J. Res. Pharm. Biosci. 2014, 4, 15–21.
• Al-Snafi AE. The chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Adiantum capillus-veneris-
A review. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 2015; 5(2): 106-111.
• Ishaq MS, Hussain MM, Afridi MS et al (2014). In vitro phytochemical, antibacterial,
and antifungal activities of leaf, stem, and root extracts of Adiantum capillus veneris.
ScientificWorldJournal, 2014:269793.
REFERENCES
25. Acknowledgment
• I would like to express by special thanks of gratitude to my project guide xyz
as well as our mentor abc who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful
Project on the topic which also helped me in doing a lot of research and I come to know about
So many things.
• Secondly I would also like to thank my lab collegues who helped me a lot in finishing project
Within the limited time. It helped me increase my knowledge and skills.