Conventional Indian construction industry has been forced to look for technology to address its demand & supply gap, diminishing skilled labour and stringent time frame.
Precast concrete construction methodology fits perfectly as an alternative for traditional construction with shorter construction duration and reduction in labor, while exceeding quality standards of conventional construction practices in India.
The success of this technology fully depends on the Architects, the Structural engineers and the Execution team who are willing to adapt this change from convention method of construction to the precast construction. Change gives us a lot of opportunity to adapt, innovate and implement new efficient technology which will be beneficial to the society at large margin.
This technology is becoming trend due to its huge advantages. But in recent past hazards attended to such construction due to collapse. So from the Structural Engineering point of view we have to design keeping in mind the structural safety against this type of collapse.
It is used as a mould for a structure in which fresh concrete is poured only to harden subsequently.
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It is used as a mould for a structure in which fresh concrete is poured only to harden subsequently.
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Composite construction or Composite Structure/FrameAbdul Rahman
Composite structure of steel and concrete has been explained under this ppt with examples, type of structural members, advantages and comparison with other structures like R.C.C structure and Steel structures.
what is scaffolding formwork - scaffolding formwork those are two important and initial steps that been done at the time of construction. scaffolding and formwork have same importance . there are several scaffolding's and formwork methods. several products etc. | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view
port scaffolding & formwork
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For innovation in construction, use video presentations with 3D animations to plan and communicate how a project will be carried out and the timeline. This presentation can be used to communicate with the Client, Stakeholders and Site Team.
Shuttering in concrete construction is used as a mould for a structure in which fresh concrete is poured to harden subsequently curing
It is a part of formwork, or you may call it as derivative of formwork. Shuttering is a vertical temporary arrangement which is arranged to bring concrete in a desired shape.orFormwork which supports vertical arrangement is known as shuttering.
It is the presentation based on precast concrete construction which includes each and every point and scope which may be useful to civil engineering students
The design of Elements of Lifts and Escalator from Civil Engineering point of view. Mainly Raft foundation, Machine Foundation, and Shear walls are discussed.
Composite construction or Composite Structure/FrameAbdul Rahman
Composite structure of steel and concrete has been explained under this ppt with examples, type of structural members, advantages and comparison with other structures like R.C.C structure and Steel structures.
what is scaffolding formwork - scaffolding formwork those are two important and initial steps that been done at the time of construction. scaffolding and formwork have same importance . there are several scaffolding's and formwork methods. several products etc. | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view
port scaffolding & formwork
peri formwork & scaffolding
mgs scaffolding and formworks
peri formwork scaffolding engineering
nippon scaffolding & formworks corp
construction formwork
khk scaffolding & formwork
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For innovation in construction, use video presentations with 3D animations to plan and communicate how a project will be carried out and the timeline. This presentation can be used to communicate with the Client, Stakeholders and Site Team.
Shuttering in concrete construction is used as a mould for a structure in which fresh concrete is poured to harden subsequently curing
It is a part of formwork, or you may call it as derivative of formwork. Shuttering is a vertical temporary arrangement which is arranged to bring concrete in a desired shape.orFormwork which supports vertical arrangement is known as shuttering.
It is the presentation based on precast concrete construction which includes each and every point and scope which may be useful to civil engineering students
The design of Elements of Lifts and Escalator from Civil Engineering point of view. Mainly Raft foundation, Machine Foundation, and Shear walls are discussed.
Seismic Response of Structure with Single Coreijtsrd
Shear walls and outriggers have been used so far to resist the seismic waves of earthquake and heavy winds actions. The complete failure of the structures that has occurred in the past due to catastrophic earthquake may be avoided with the use of shear wall in the structure. The study is concerned with the use of shear wall as a single core in structure that will resist the seismic waves of earthquake. In the present study analysis of RCC building has been carried out by changing the locations of shear walls in the building. The seismic analysis performed is linear dynamic response spectrum analysis using the well known analysis and design software ETABS 16.2.0. Seismic performance of the building has been investigated based on parameters such as strorey drift, base shear and storey displacement. Belsare Sumit Bandopanth | Dilip Budhlani "Seismic Response of Structure with Single Core" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30851.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/30851/seismic-response-of-structure-with-single-core/belsare-sumit-bandopanth
STRUCTURAL COST COMPARISON OF LOW RISE BUILDING HAVING MOMENT RESISTING FRAME...IAEME Publication
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damaged structure, than to build a no damaged structure in the first place. With the
help of shear walls the structure can be made which will not collapse in earthquake. It
is general perception in minds of people that shear walls are economical for high rise
buildings. Therefore it is necessary to find out cost efficiency of low rise buildings
with shear walls
STRUCTURAL COST COMPARISON OF LOW RISE BUILDING HAVING MOMENT RESISTING FRAME...IAEME Publication
In Bhuj earthquake 2001, there were collapses of many low rise buildings. After a
very severe seismic shaking, it may be far cheaper to repair, or even rebuild the
damaged structure, than to build a no damaged structure in the first place. With the
help of shear walls the structure can be made which will not collapse in earthquake. It
is general perception in minds of people that shear walls are economical for high rise
buildings. Therefore it is necessary to find out cost efficiency of low rise buildings
with shear walls.
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Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
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It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
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In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
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Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
1. Under the Guidance of: Dr. Aswath M.U.
Presented by- Rahul Das Biswas
USN: 1BI14CSE14,
M.Tech (Structural Engineering)
2. Contents
Introduction
Advantages
IS Recommendations
Materials
Prefabrication Systems
Types according to IS
Design Requirement as per IS
Progressive Collapse
Design of Ties
Design of Vertical Pillars (Walls, Diaphragms, Cores)
Frame installation
Conclusion
References
5. “Why”
Advantages of Precast:
Partial or total saving of materials
Multiple using of shuttering
Better accuracy of workmanship
Less Man Power Required
Interruption in concreting can be omitted
6. “Why”
Advantages of Precast:
Fewer expansion joints
High capacity
Shorter construction time
Independent of adverse weather conditions
during construction
Continuing erection in winter time until -20 °C
7. “Why”
Advantages of Precast:
Opportunities for good architecture
Reduced energy consumption
Safety in construction
Low shrinkage with high strength
High modulus of elasticity
Very little micro cracks
8. “Why”
Advantages of Precast:
Resistance to chemical attack
Toughness and impact resistance
Volume stability
Durability against chloride attack
Reduced maintenance cost
Higher Strength at earlier ages and low heat of hydration
9. “How”
From Structural Engineering Point of view:
Material
Aspect
Type of Construction
Design (With all Safety Concern)
Detailing
10. IS CODES TO BE FOLLOWED
IS 15916: Precast Construction
IS 875: Design Loads
IS 456: Concrete
IS 1893 and IS 13920: Seismic Design
11. Characteristics of Material
Recommended by IS: 15916: 2011
• Easy Availability
• Light- Weight
• Thermal Insulation Property
• Easy Workability
• Durability
12. Characteristics of Material
Recommended by IS: 15916: 2011
• Non-combustibility
• Sound insulation
• Easy assembly and compatibility to form a complete
unit
• Economical
• Any other special requirement required for particular
application
13. Aspects to be considered as per the
Recommendation of IS: 15916: 2011
Effective utilization of spaces
Straight and simple walling scheme
Limited sizes and numbers of components
Limited opening in bearing walls
14. Aspects to be considered as per the
Recommendation of IS: 15916: 2011
Regulated locations of partitions
Standardized service and stair units
Limited sizes of doors and windows with
regulated positions
Structural clarity and efficiency
15. Aspects to be considered as per the
Recommendation of IS: 15916: 2011
Suitability for adoption in low rise and high rise
building
Ease of manufacturing, storing and transporting
Speed and ease of erection and
Simple jointing system
16. Types of Precast System according to
IS: 15916: 2011
Prefabrication
System
Open
Prefabrication
System
Partial
Prefabrication
System
Full
Prefabrication
System
Large Panel
Prefabrication
System
Staircase
Systems
Precast Floors Precast Walls
Box Type
Construction
17. Design Requirement as per IS: 15916: 2011
Progressive Collapse
(A Major Threat to Safety of Structure)
Collapse or Failure of the major part
Due to the damage of small areas or
Failure of single element
18. Precaution: Against Progressive Collapse
1) All buildings should be capable of safely
resisting the minimum horizontal load of 1.5% of
characteristic dead load applied at each floor or
roof level simultaneously.
19. 2) All Buildings Shall Be Provided With Effective
Horizontal Ties
1) Around The Periphery
2) Internally (In Both Directions) &
3) To Columns & Walls.
3) All Buildings of Five or More Storeys Shall Be
Provided With Vertical Ties.
Precaution: Against Progressive Collapse
20. Design of Ties
(Peripheral Ties)
At each floor and roof level an effectively continuous tie should be
provided within 1.2 m of the edge of the building or within the
perimeter wall.
The tie should be capable to resisting a tensile force of Ft equal to 60 kN
or (20 + 4N) kN whichever is less, where N is the number of storeys
(including basement).
21. Design of Ties
(Internal Ties)
These are to be provided at each floor and roof level in two directions
approximately at right angles. Ties should be effectively continuous
throughout their length and be anchored to the peripheral tie at both
ends, unless continuing as horizontal ties to columns or walls.
22. Design of Ties
(Internal Ties)
• The tensile strength, in kN per meter width shall be
the greater of-
• gk + qk = Avg. characteristic D.L. + L.L in kN/m2
• lr = Greater of-
• The distance between the centre of columns
• Frames or walls supporting any two adjacent floor spans in the
direction of the tie under consideration.
23. Design of Ties
(Internal Ties)
The bars providing these ties may be distributed evenly in the
slabs or may be grouped at or in the beams, walls or other
appropriate positions but at spacings generally not greater
than 1.5 lr.
24. Design of Ties
(Horizontal ties to column and wall)
• All external load-bearing members such as columns and
walls should be anchored or tied horizontally into the
structure at each floor and roof level. The design force
for the tie is to be greater of-
a) 2 Ft kN or ls × Ft × 2.5 kN, whichever is less for a column
or for each metre length if there is a wall. ls is the floor to
ceiling height, in meter.
b) 3 percent of the total ultimate vertical load in the column
or wall at that level.
• For corner columns, this tie force should be provided in
each of two directions approximately at right angles.
25. Design of Ties
(Vertical ties)
Should be provided for buildings of five or more
storeys
Each column and each wall carrying vertical load
should be tied continuously from the foundation to the
roof level. The reinforcement provided is required only
to resist a tensile force equal to the maximum design
ultimate load (dead and imposed) received from any
one storey.
In situation where provision of vertical ties cannot be
done, the element should be considered to be removed
and the surrounding members designed to bridge the
gap.
26. Design of Vertical Pillars
(Walls, Diaphragms, Cores)
Indian Standards for Designing Precast is
unavailable
Adopt any code of practice which is-
Safe
Durable
Economical
Reliable from Past Experience
Methods of mounting precast structures used in Russia will
be discussed
28. Optimal Configuration
The frame members to securely perform their
functions without “extra” efforts. This means that
the columns operate only for compression, floor
structures operate only for bending, with no
forces in the plane of the slab (the membrane
group of efforts), pylons take horizontal forces
ensuring the necessary rigidity of the building.
29. Optimal Configuration
• The principle of concentration of material is
observed. To reduce the material consumption the
load should be transmitted through the minimum
number of elements.
• The main feature of the framework is the ability
to ensure the integrated operation of all its
elements: columns, pylons, floor slabs, foundation
slab, piled and/or soil foundation. Proper use of
these features can improve the design
characteristics of the building frame while
reducing the consumption of its materials.
30. Rules of the Pylons Distribution
(Rule No. 1)
• All of the pylons should not be
intersected by straight lines on
which they are rested at one
point
• All of the pylons should not be
parallel
Building plan (slab & pylons)
31. Rules of the Pylons Distribution
(Rule No. 2)
The pylon should be sufficiently hard with a height of the
cross section equal to 1/10 – 1/5 of the building height.
With a smaller size the pylon will be more flexible and
will transmit a significant portion of the horizontal load
onto the columns or originate the need for more pylons.
If several flat diaphragms are connected to one core, the
height of their cross section can be reduced by virtue of a
more rigid joint operation with respect to the total
cumulative individual work.
It is necessary to strive for the minimum number of
pylons in the building.
32. Rules of the Pylons Distribution
(Rule No. 3)
Determining efforts in the plane of the slab
aab 5.26
33. Rules of the Pylons Distribution
(Rule No. 4)
If one looks at the aggregate of all the diaphragms of the
building combined with floor structures, it is possible to
find the shear center of the building. If the shear center
does not coincide with the center of gravity, the building
will have additional bending stresses. If the resultant
wind load does not pass through the shear center, the
building will be subject to additional twisting forces. The
configuration in which all three centers coincide will be
optimal. The easiest way to achieve is to prepare a
symmetrical in the two axes building plan with a
symmetrical arrangement of the pylons.
34. Frame installation
(Column)
Schemes Of Installation of Multi-story Columns Using A Set of Individual Installation
and Mounting Devices and Tooling
a — the location of columns and accessories, b — securing columns by knees, c — clamp for
securing knees in the column; 1 — foundation socket, 2 — readymade mount, 3 — column, 4 —
clamp 5 — knee, 6 — drawbar of the knee, 7 — wedges, 8 — anchoring device, 9 — crimping
rope
35. Frame installation
(Cross beams)
Cross beam installation: a — applying an axial mark
on the column pillar; b — installing cross beam; c —
column pillar alignment
36. Frame installation
(Pylons)
Installation of interior walls — diaphragm plates — in a framed building: a —
installation, b — temporary fastening; 1 — knee-piece, 2 — diaphragm with a
cantilever replacing a collar beam, 3 — a universal sling, 4 — movable L-
clamp with a rack.
38. Conclusion
Considering its huge advantage, Technology
should be adopted in India
Safety should be the 1st concern
Past Hazards should be analyzed and
precautions to avoid it should be taken
Indian Standard Code required for Design
39. References
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precast_concrete
• IS: 15916: 2011
• IS: 13920: 1993
• “DESIGN RULES FOR PRECAST CONCRETE:
VERTICAL PILLARS (WALLS, DIAPHRAGMS,
CORES)” By- Mark P. Son & Denis V. Konin, Redecon
2014, Bangalore
• “Design and Construction of Multi-Storey Residential
Buildings with Precast Concrete” By- Dr. H S Lai ,
Redecon 2014, Bangalore