c;n l5d]sL g]kfn
l;dkfgL,au/–!,kf]v/f
8sdL{ tflnd k"j{ kl/Iff
Gffd M
============================================
===== kmf]g=g+
M================================
7]ugf M
===============================================
= ldlt M =================================
 l7s pQ/nfO{ l6s ( ) nufO{ lbg'xf]nf .
!= e'sDk cfpg'sf] d'Vo sf/0f s] xf] <
-s_ s5'jfn] sfFw km]/]/
-v_ k[YjLsf] 7"nf r66fgsf rfSnfsf rfnn]
-u_ u|x gIfqsf] sf/0fn]
-3_ ;d'b|sf] kfgL k[YjLsf] leqL tftf] efudf uO{ jfkmdf kl/0ft eP/ aflx/ lg:sbf
@= e'sDksf] a]nf dfG5]sf] d[To x'g] d'Vo sf/0f s] xf] <
-s_ e"sDkkl5 cfpg] cfunfuLdf k/]/ -v_ t'?Gt} pkrf/df l9nfO eP/
-u_ e"sDkkl5 cfpg klx/f]df k/]/ -3_ e"sDkn] eTsfpg] sdhf]/ 3/n] lsr]/
#= e"sDk k|lt/f]wL cfjf;Lo 3/ eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 <
-s_ ;fgf e"sDkdf s]xL klg gx'g] -v_ demf}nf e"sDkdf ;fdfGo Iflt x'g]
-u_ 7"nf e"sDkdf Wj:t gx'g] -3_ dflysf ;a}
$= e"sDkLo b[li6sf]0fn] ejgsf] pQd cfsf/ s'g xf] <
-s_ juf{sf/ -v_ 6L cfsf/
-u_ cfoftfsf/ -3_ Pn cfsf/
%= 9'+ufsf] uf/f]df d;nfsf] df]6fO slt x'g' k5{ <
-s_ slDtdf @) ldnLdL6/ -v_ !) b]vL !@ ldnLdL6/
-u_ #) ldnLdL6/ -3_ hlt eP klg x'G5
^= e"sDkLo b[li6sf]0fn] ejgsf] s'g c+u dxTjk"0f{ 5 <
-s_ lkNn/ -v_ uf/f]
-u_ lad -3_ :Nofa
&= 6fO{ laddf b'O{ l/ª larsf] km/s ;fdfGotf slt /fVg' k5{ <
-s_ $ OGr -v_ % OGr
-u_ ^ OGr -3_ * OGr
*= $ nfOg -!@ ld=dL=_ sf] 808L ufF:bf b'O{j6f 808L slDtdf slt vlK6g'
k5{ <
-s_ @ lkm6 -v_ ! lkm6 ^ OGr
-u_ # lkm6 -3_ @ lkm6 ^ OGr
(=clxn] rngrNtLdf alg/x]sf uf/f]jfnf ejgx? e"sDk k|lt/f]wL 5g ls 5}gg
<
-s_ 5g -v_ 5}gg
!)= e"sDk k|lt/f]wL ejg agfFpbf ;fdfGotof yk slt a9L vr{ nfU5 jf
nfUb}g <
-s_ a9L vr{ nfUb}g -v_ % b]lv !) k|ltzt a9L
-u_ w]/} a9L vr{ nfU5 -3_ !% b]lv @% k|ltzt a9L
nfU5
!!= s:tf] k|sf/sf] ejgnfO{ e"sDk k|lt/f]ws agfpg ;lsG5 <
-s_ lad – lkNn/ l;:6d -u_ sf7] 3/
-v_ ef/ yfDg] uf/f]jfnf ;l:6d -3_ ;a}
!@= ejg lgdf{0f ubf{ cfjZos AofG8 s'g xf] <
-s_ s'gf AofG8 -v_ l;n AofG8
-u_ lnG6n AofG8 -3_ dflysf] ;a}
!#= uf/f]jfnf 3/df Aof08x?sf] s] dxTj 5 <
-s_ 3/nfO{ Ps l9Ssf agfp5 -v_ emofn 9f]sfsf] s'gfaf6 rs{g lbb}g
-u_ ufx|f]nfO{ klN6gaf6 /f]S5 -3_ dflysf ;a}
!$= Ps lbgdf slt ld6/ eGbf cUnf] uf/f] nufpg' x'Fb}g <
-s_ ! ld6/ -v_ !=% ld6/
-u_ @ ld6/ -3_ hlt cUnf] eP klg x'G5
!%= ejg lgdf{0f ubf{ cfjZos kg]{ cf}hf/sf gfd n]Vg'xf]; .
-s_======================== -
v_========================
-u_======================== -
3_========================
!^= eljiodf cfpg ;Sg] e"sDkaf6 ;'/lIft x'g g]kfndf ug{'kg]{ d'Vo sfd
sfd s'g xf] <
-s_ cfktsflng of]hgf agfO{ To;sf nflu tof/ eP/ a:g]
-v_ e"sDkkl5 ug'{kg]{ k'glgdf{0fsf nflu ;fwg ;|f]tsf] Joj:yf ug{]
-u_ e"sDkn] k"j{ hfgsf/L kfpgsf nflu To; ;DaGwL cWoog cg';Gwfgdf
nfUg]
-3_ e"sDkLo Iflt sd ug{ ;'/lIft 3/, k'n k'n];f lgdf{0f ubf{ e"sDkLo k|ljlw cg';f/
agfpg] / ePsf ;+/rgfsf] e"sDkLo ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ .

Pre test

  • 1.
    c;n l5d]sL g]kfn l;dkfgL,au/–!,kf]v/f 8sdL{tflnd k"j{ kl/Iff Gffd M ============================================ ===== kmf]g=g+ M================================ 7]ugf M =============================================== = ldlt M =================================  l7s pQ/nfO{ l6s ( ) nufO{ lbg'xf]nf . != e'sDk cfpg'sf] d'Vo sf/0f s] xf] < -s_ s5'jfn] sfFw km]/]/ -v_ k[YjLsf] 7"nf r66fgsf rfSnfsf rfnn] -u_ u|x gIfqsf] sf/0fn] -3_ ;d'b|sf] kfgL k[YjLsf] leqL tftf] efudf uO{ jfkmdf kl/0ft eP/ aflx/ lg:sbf @= e'sDksf] a]nf dfG5]sf] d[To x'g] d'Vo sf/0f s] xf] < -s_ e"sDkkl5 cfpg] cfunfuLdf k/]/ -v_ t'?Gt} pkrf/df l9nfO eP/ -u_ e"sDkkl5 cfpg klx/f]df k/]/ -3_ e"sDkn] eTsfpg] sdhf]/ 3/n] lsr]/ #= e"sDk k|lt/f]wL cfjf;Lo 3/ eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 < -s_ ;fgf e"sDkdf s]xL klg gx'g] -v_ demf}nf e"sDkdf ;fdfGo Iflt x'g] -u_ 7"nf e"sDkdf Wj:t gx'g] -3_ dflysf ;a} $= e"sDkLo b[li6sf]0fn] ejgsf] pQd cfsf/ s'g xf] < -s_ juf{sf/ -v_ 6L cfsf/ -u_ cfoftfsf/ -3_ Pn cfsf/ %= 9'+ufsf] uf/f]df d;nfsf] df]6fO slt x'g' k5{ < -s_ slDtdf @) ldnLdL6/ -v_ !) b]vL !@ ldnLdL6/
  • 2.
    -u_ #) ldnLdL6/-3_ hlt eP klg x'G5 ^= e"sDkLo b[li6sf]0fn] ejgsf] s'g c+u dxTjk"0f{ 5 < -s_ lkNn/ -v_ uf/f] -u_ lad -3_ :Nofa &= 6fO{ laddf b'O{ l/ª larsf] km/s ;fdfGotf slt /fVg' k5{ < -s_ $ OGr -v_ % OGr -u_ ^ OGr -3_ * OGr *= $ nfOg -!@ ld=dL=_ sf] 808L ufF:bf b'O{j6f 808L slDtdf slt vlK6g' k5{ < -s_ @ lkm6 -v_ ! lkm6 ^ OGr -u_ # lkm6 -3_ @ lkm6 ^ OGr (=clxn] rngrNtLdf alg/x]sf uf/f]jfnf ejgx? e"sDk k|lt/f]wL 5g ls 5}gg < -s_ 5g -v_ 5}gg !)= e"sDk k|lt/f]wL ejg agfFpbf ;fdfGotof yk slt a9L vr{ nfU5 jf nfUb}g < -s_ a9L vr{ nfUb}g -v_ % b]lv !) k|ltzt a9L -u_ w]/} a9L vr{ nfU5 -3_ !% b]lv @% k|ltzt a9L nfU5 !!= s:tf] k|sf/sf] ejgnfO{ e"sDk k|lt/f]ws agfpg ;lsG5 < -s_ lad – lkNn/ l;:6d -u_ sf7] 3/ -v_ ef/ yfDg] uf/f]jfnf ;l:6d -3_ ;a} !@= ejg lgdf{0f ubf{ cfjZos AofG8 s'g xf] < -s_ s'gf AofG8 -v_ l;n AofG8 -u_ lnG6n AofG8 -3_ dflysf] ;a} !#= uf/f]jfnf 3/df Aof08x?sf] s] dxTj 5 < -s_ 3/nfO{ Ps l9Ssf agfp5 -v_ emofn 9f]sfsf] s'gfaf6 rs{g lbb}g
  • 3.
    -u_ ufx|f]nfO{ klN6gaf6/f]S5 -3_ dflysf ;a} !$= Ps lbgdf slt ld6/ eGbf cUnf] uf/f] nufpg' x'Fb}g < -s_ ! ld6/ -v_ !=% ld6/ -u_ @ ld6/ -3_ hlt cUnf] eP klg x'G5 !%= ejg lgdf{0f ubf{ cfjZos kg]{ cf}hf/sf gfd n]Vg'xf]; . -s_======================== - v_======================== -u_======================== - 3_======================== !^= eljiodf cfpg ;Sg] e"sDkaf6 ;'/lIft x'g g]kfndf ug{'kg]{ d'Vo sfd sfd s'g xf] < -s_ cfktsflng of]hgf agfO{ To;sf nflu tof/ eP/ a:g] -v_ e"sDkkl5 ug'{kg]{ k'glgdf{0fsf nflu ;fwg ;|f]tsf] Joj:yf ug{] -u_ e"sDkn] k"j{ hfgsf/L kfpgsf nflu To; ;DaGwL cWoog cg';Gwfgdf nfUg] -3_ e"sDkLo Iflt sd ug{ ;'/lIft 3/, k'n k'n];f lgdf{0f ubf{ e"sDkLo k|ljlw cg';f/ agfpg] / ePsf ;+/rgfsf] e"sDkLo ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ .