Brief information and explanation along with images and example about ParyayaRatnmala Nighantu by Dr. Rashmi Jain - Dravyaguna Department. Along with more info such as Synonyms, Synonyms of Metals, Synonyms of Medicinal Plants, Synonyms of different Gods, Synonyms of several spices and Synonyms of some Ayurveda Acharyas along with many more things.

1. - Presented by
PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

2. INTRODUCTION
 One among the texts from Medieval period(8th to 15th century
A. D.)
 Author - MADHAVA KARA
 Paryaya Ratnamala- 9th cent.
 Also known -Ratnamala.
PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

3. निरुक्त
• **निघंटु/ Glossary
• निघंटु - निघंटुुः समाह्तं भवन्ति ।**
To collect
• निगूढमर्थमगमयन्तिज्ञापयन्ति इनत निगमुः।
- जो शब्द क
े गुड़ अर्थ को बताए , वह नियम है।
• Which tells about concealed or secert meaning of words is
called as Nigama .
निघंटु
• पयाथयों का संग्रह
• िाम संग्रह
• निघण्टनत शोभनत इनत (शब्द कल्पद्रुम) (which looks beautiful
and shines)
• सभी शब्दो का एक स्र्ाि पर वर्थि
PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

4. निघण्टु की परिभाषा
• निक्तयम घण्टयिे एकत्र भाषयिे शब्दाऽिेि् इनत निघण्टु।
एक ही औषनि क
े नवनभन्न पयाथयों का जहा एकत्र वर्थि नकया
जाता है उसे निघण्टु कहते है ।
• आयुवेदो नहतौषनििाम पयाथयों गुर्ानि वर्थिपरुः कोष नवशेषुः ।
आयुवेदों में वनर्थत औषनियों तर्ा उिक
े पयाथयों , गुर् एवम कमथ
का वर्थि जहा नकया जाता है , उसे निघण्टु कहते है ।
• Glossary containing synonyms groups, names , properties and
actions of drugs , plants, animals and minerals or anything that
is administered either as food or medicine to human body.
PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

5. निघंटु की प्रिािता
निघंटुिा नबिा वैद्यो नवद्वाि व्याकरर् नबिा ।
अभ्यासेि च िािुषकस्त्रयो हास्यस्य भाजिम।। (रा. नि.)
निघण्टु क
े नबिा वैद्य, व्याकरर् क
े नबिा नवद्वाि तर्ा अभ्यास क
े नबिा
ििुष्क यह तीिों उपहास क
े पात्र बिते है ।
निघण्टुओ में द्रव्य पररचय क
े निए प्रयायों क
े रूप में नवनभन्न
जािकाररयां प्रदाि की जाती है
PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

6. PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

7. PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

8. AUTHOR
 Name - Madhava kara
 Son of Indukara / Indrakara
 Author of Rogvinishaya - popularly call ‘MADHAVA
NIDANA’
 Resident of Silhrada - probably pathaghatta, site of university
of Vikramshila,near Bhagalpur (Bihar )
PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

9. Author controversy
 Acc. to Lucas - Madhavakara is identical to author of
Madhava nidana.
 Acc. to PV. Sharma - Madhavakara was a different person i. e.
2 centuries after Madhavakara, author of Madhava nidana.
PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

10. TIME PERIOD
 9th Century
 Book quoted by Sarvananda - commentator on Amarkosha (
12th Cent ) ; Adhamalla ( 14 th C. )
 The book is referred by Chakrapani Dutta - a court physician
of king Nayapaladeva ( 1040 A. D .) in his Chikitsa Samgraha
popularly k/a Chakradatta.
 Madhava quotes ref from Vagbhatta .
 The book ‘Nidana / Rgvinischaya’ was translated into persian
at the time of haroun - al - Rasid in 8th century .
 The drugs - Ahiphena , Bhang as of D. N & RRS (10thC.)
were not described in his work .
 Thus ........
PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

11. Contents
 Not available in our library .
 Info - based on the Available .- unclear + missing !
 Text available (online) - archive . org
PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

12. Presentation
 Most concise and direct , almost of sutra type
 Synonyms only , No guna karma are mentioned .
 No division of the vargas - continuous shlokas.
 Descriptive - for the charceriatics of peculiar features of the plant /
drug.
E.g. shankhini .. Peetpushpa laghu lata sugandhini.
PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

13.  Verses :
1336 shlokas (article)
1758 shlokas (e-Samhita)
 Starts from Mangalacharan , followed by the purpose of the text
and way of presentation in 12 line shloka.
 Ends with mana paribhasha followed by Granthakara parichaya
.
PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

14. Style of presentation
 Synonyms of single plant / drug are given in : 1 shlokha,1/2
shlokha , 1/4 shlokha consequently .
 1 shlokha (2 lines) = till 102 dravyas in including plant,
animals, metals, salts, panchmahabhuta, classes of men like
servants ect ...
 1/2 shlokha (1 line) = till 361 dravyas
 1/4 shlokha (1/2 line )= includes 754 factors - body parts,
emotions, disease , plant parts etc.
PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

15. PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

16. PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

17. PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

18. PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

19. PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

20. PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

21. PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

22. PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

23. PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

24. PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

25. PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

26. PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

27. PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

28. PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

29. PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

30. PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

31. PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

32. PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

33. PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

34. PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

35. PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

36. PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

37. Paryaya Muktavali
 Paryaya Muktavali is the redacted version of Paryaya
ratnmala- with certain modification in terms of style of
presentation,chapter division and addition of new drugs and
synonyms.
 Nighantu of Odisa - prunted in Odiya,bengali and devanagri
script.
 But till date - no critical analysis reported on ite structure ,
contents and contribution.
 23 Vargs,608 drugs.
 Author - Haricharana sen
 Resident - Utkala desha (Orissa )
 Time period -late 16th - early 17th century
PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

38. PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

39. PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

40. PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

41. Referrences
 An Introdction to Nighantus of Ayurveda by D. Shanthkumar Lucas
 E- Nighantus
 Article - “paryaymuktavali - An unexplored Nighantu of Odisha ,
india .” by Rabindranath Acharya and Deepa K.K.
PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN

42. PARAYAYARATNAMAIA
NIGHANTU - DR. RASHMI JAIN