This document summarizes a dissertation on analyzing and mapping groundwater quality in Punhana District, Haryana, India. It discusses issues with water supply in Mewat region and reviews literature on groundwater contamination. The objectives are to inventory boreholes, determine groundwater quality, and propose a treatment scheme. Methodology is described for measuring various water quality parameters. Results are analyzed and discussed. Conclusions summarize the data collection and water sampling process. The future scope and suggestions section discusses recommendations like rainwater harvesting and educating locals.

1. Ground Water Quality Analysis and
Mapping of District Punhana and Its
Surrounding Ecosystem: A Case
Study of Nuh, Haryana
DISSERTATION

2. INTRODUCTION
• Mewat as a rural area is not different since the
Yamuna water supply system (YWSS), the main
supplier of potable water to the metropolis has
been trying as much as it can to meet the
demand of the ever growing population. There
have been three major expansions of its
treatment facilities since the eighties, all in a bid
to meet the demand of the metropolis. Despite
all these expansion works, the YMSS has not been
able to meet demand.

3. • As a result, many areas of the metropolis are
not connected to water supply services and in
areas where connection exists, supply is
intermittent. Mewat is one of such areas. The
Mewat, though considered a high priority area
(for services such as water, electricity etc.)
suffers intermittent supply of water

4. LITERATURE REVIEW
A few of them has been listed. suitable for
drinking due to high contamination of Total
and Fecal coliforms and moderate
contamination by nitrate and manganese.
Nitrate pollution of ground water in 14 cities
of Northern China due to nitrogen fertilizer
has been reported by Zhang et al. (1996).

5. The potential impacts of mine wastes on ground
and surface water has been studied by Herzog
(1996).
Groundwater contamination due to stormwater
infiltration has been reported by Mikkelsen et al.
(1997). Impact of mining activation on the pH of
ground water has been reported by Lind et al
(1998). Similarly the impact of agriculture on
groundwater quality in Slovenia has been
assessed by Maticie (1999).

6. • impacts of mine wastes on ground and surface
water has been studied by Herzog (1996).
Groundwater contamination due to storm
water infiltration has been reported by
Mikkelsen et al. (1997). Impact of mining
activation on the pH of ground water has been
reported by Lind et al (1998). Similarly the
impact of agriculture on groundwater quality
in Slovenia has been assessed by Maticie
(1999).

7. • It has been reported that among 12 main
groundwater aquifers in Slovenia, the amount of
nitrate exceeds the allowable level (50 mg/l) for
drinking water. Shamruck et al. 2/18/17 A Study
on the Water Quality of NIT Rourke (2001)
studied the effect of chemical fertilizers on
groundwater quality in the Nile Valley aquifer,
Egypt and found the major ion concentration of
Nitrate (20 to 340 mg/l), Sulphate (96 to630
mg/l), Phosphate (7 to 34 mg/l) and Potassium (7
to 28 mg/l)

8. • Ammann et al. (2003) reported about the
groundwater pollution by runoff. Almasri et al.
(2004) evaluated regional long-term trends
and occurrence of Nitrate in the groundwater
of agricultural watersheds in Whatcon County,
Washington. In India, pioneering studies on
limnology of river and lake ecosystems were
carried out by Chakrabarty et al.

9. • In India, pioneering studies on limnology of
river and lake ecosystems were carried
outbyChakrabarty et al. (1959) on River
Yamuna, David (1963) on river Gandak, Ray et
al. (1966) on river Ganga and Yamuna, Pahwa
and Mehrotra (1966) on river Ganga, Vyas
(1968) on Pichhola lake, Udaipur and David et
al. (1969) on Tungabhadra reservoir, John
(1978) on the river Kallayi, Kerala, Raina et al

10. Objectives
• Make an inventory and map all existing
boreholes around Mewat
• · Determine the quality of the groundwater
• · Propose a treatment scheme

11. METHODOLOGY
• Methodology for measurement of pH value
• Methodology for measurement of Turbidity
• Methodology for measurement of Total dissolved solids
• Methodology for measurement of Colour
• Methodology for measurement of Total hardness
• Methodology for measurement of Chloride
• Methodology for measurement of B O D
• Methodology for measurement of C O D
• Methodology for measurement of IRON
• Methodology for measurement of NITRATE
• Methodology for measurement of SULPHATE
• Methodology for measurement of FLORIDE

12. • 1 PH;- Instrument Acquascope Potentiometer
with calomel rods
• 2 HARDNESS;- Titration EDTA AMONIUM BUFFER
SOLUTION 1 ML AND INDICATOR SOLOCHROME
• 3 ALKALINITY;- Titrant 0.02:NH2 so4 Basic
indicator
• 4 CHLORIDE ;- AgNo3 solution, indicator k2CrO4
• 5 COLUR;- Unobjectionable

13. • 6 SULPHATE Turbidimetric Method
• 7 TURBUDITY;-Turbudity Rod Absorption
Principal
• 8 B O D Titrimetric Method
• 9 C O D Closed reflux method using COD Digester
• 10 D O The winkler method with Azide
Modification
• 11 Acidity as per standard method

14. EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS AND TEST
RESULT

15. RESULT ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
• The water samples were analyzed for various
parameters in the laboratory of Environmental
Engg, AFSET. Various physical and chemical
parameters like Temperature, pH, Turbidity,
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended
Solids (TSS), Hardness, Biochemical Oxygen
Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO),
Residual Chlorine

16. RESULT ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
• Reports and data on boreholes, topographical
and hydrological maps were collected from the
geomatric and geological departments of
HARYANA for review. Also data on population and
their categories were collected from the
HARYANA development office and the halls. The
field was visited several times for these two
reasons: the first was to map and take water
samples from boreholes in the study area and it
was followed by the water needs assessment.

17. RESULT ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
• Chloride, Alkalinity have been monitored for the
tap water of different locations. Plastic bottles of
1.5 liter capacity with stopper were used for
collecting samples. Each bottle was washed with
2% Nitric acid and then rinsed three times with
distilled water. The bottles were then preserved
in a clean place. The bottles were filled leaving no
air space, and then the bottle was sealed to
prevent any leakage. Each container was clearly
marked with the name and date of sampling.

18. CONCLUSIONS
• Reports and data on boreholes, topographical
and hydrological maps were collected from the
geomatric and geological departments of
HARYANA for review. Also data on population and
their categories were collected from the
HARYANA development office and the halls. The
field was visited several times for these two
reasons: the first was to map and take water
samples from boreholes in the study area and it
was followed by the water needs assessment

19. CONCLUSIONS
• Reports and data on boreholes, topographical and
hydrological maps were collected from the geomatric and
geological departments of HARYANA for review. Also data
on population and their categories were collected from the
HARYANA development office and the halls. The field was
visited several times for these two reasons: the first was to
map and take water samples from boreholes in the study
area and it was followed by the water needs assessment.
The water samples were analyzed for various parameters in
the laboratory of Environmental Engg, AFSET. Various
physical and chemical parameters like Temperature, pH,
Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended
Solids (TSS), Hardness, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD),
Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Residual Chlorine,

20. CONCLUSIONS
• Chloride, Alkalinity have been monitored for the
tap water of different locations. Plastic bottles of
1.5 liter capacity with stopper were used for
collecting samples. Each bottle was washed with
2% Nitric acid and then rinsed three times with
distilled water. The bottles were then preserved
in a clean place. The bottles were filled leaving no
air space, and then the bottle was sealed to
prevent any leakage. Each container was clearly
marked with the name and date of sampling.
•

21. FUTURE SCOPE AND SUGGESTION
• In order to arrest the declining trends of water
levels in the block, the rooftop rainwater
harvesting technology should beadopted and
recharge structures may also be constructed
indepression areas where water gets
accumulated during rainy
• season.

22. FUTURE SCOPE AND SUGGESTION
• This will help in enhancing the recharge to
ground water reservoir The crops consuming
less quantity of water may be grown in place
of crops requiring more water in the over-
exploited block.

23. FUTURE SCOPE AND SUGGESTION
• The construction of roof top rainwater
harvesting structures should be made
mandatory in building byelaws, which will
help in checking the falling water level trend in
the Mewat
• The abandoned dug wells may be cleaned and
should be used for recharging the ground
water by utilizing the surface monsoon runoff

24. FUTURE SCOPE AND SUGGESTION
• The abandoned dug wells may be cleaned and
should be used for recharging the ground
water by utilizing the surface monsoon runoff

25. FUTURE SCOPE AND SUGGESTION
• Cyclic use of canal water and poor quality
groundwater.
• · The water level monitoring network needs to
be increased in the block.
• · Local populace to be educated regarding
consequences of mining of ground water and
need for effective and economic use.

26. FUTURE SCOPE AND SUGGESTION
• There are frequent cases of well failure of
tube well reported from all over the district.
The tube wells render max 4-5 years of service
and become defunct.

27. References
• 1. APHA (1998), Standard methods for the examination of water and
wastewater, American Public Health Association, Washington D.C.
• 2. Asadi S. S., Vuppal P., and Reddy A. M. (2007), Remote sensing and GIS
techniques for evaluation of groundwater quality in municipal corporation
of Hyderabad (Zone-V), India, International Journal of Environmental
Research and Public Health, 4(1), pp 45–52.
• 3. BIS (2003), Indian standards specifications for drinking water IS: 10500,
Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
• 4. Guru Prasad B. (2005), Assessment of water quality in canals of Krishna
delta area of Andhra Pradesh, Nature of Environment and Pollution
Technology, 4(4), pp 521-523

28. References
• 5. House M. A., and Newsome D. H. (1989), Water quality
indices for the managementof surface water quality, Water
Science Technology, 21, 1137-1148
• 6. Joseph K. (2001), An integrated approach for
management of Total Dissolved Solids in reactive dyeing
effluents, International Conference on Industrial Pollution
and Control Technologies, Hyderabad.
• 7. Khan F., Husain T., and Lumb A. (2003), Water quality
evaluation and trend analysis in selected watersheds of the
Atlantic Region of Canada, Environmental Monitoring and
Assessment, 88, pp 221-242

29. THE END
THANKYOU SIR
AFU FBD