This document provides information on flower arrangement including equipment, plant materials, styles, and principles. It discusses the basic ingredients of arrangements such as containers, mechanics to hold materials in place, and plant types including focal points, fillers, and structural elements. Western, Oriental, and modern styles are described. Principles cover proportion, balance, emphasis, and using color schemes. Conditioning flowers and styles like triangular, circular and Ikebana are also summarized.

1. EQUIPMENT
CONDITIONING OF PLANT MATERIAL
STYLES
PRINCIPLES OF FLOWER
ARRANGEMENT
FLOWER ARRANGEMENT
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2. Flower arrangement
 Art of organizing and grouping together plant
material to achieve harmony, form, colour, texture
to add cheer, joy, life and beauty to the
surroundings.
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3. Basic ingredients
 Mechanics
 Equipments
 Containers
 Bases
 Accessories
 Plant material
 support
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4.  Mechanics- used to keep plant material in place with
in container.
1. Chicken wire
2. Floral foam (Oasis)
3. Setting clay
4. Prog
5. Pin holder/kenzan
6. Florist cone
7. Pebbles
8. Glue gun
9. Adhesive tape
10. Adhesive clay
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5. OASIS PIN HOLDER/ KENZAN
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6. CHICKEN WIRE /WIRE MESH/
WIRE NETTING
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7. FLORIST CONE
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8. PRONG
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9.  Equipments – includes tools used to arrange
plant material is created within container.
1. Eg: bucket
2. Florist scissors
3. Mister
4. Secateurs
5. Watering can
6. wire cutter
7. wire
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10. Secateurs
Florist scissors
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11. MISTER FLORIST CAN
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12. Wire
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13.  Containers- vase jugs baskets
 Bowls and trays
 Rose bowl
 Wreath frame
Bases- table mat, tree sections, wood base,stone
base.
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14. Plant material: 3 types
a) Line material – tall stems, flower spikes, bold
leaves.
 To create framework /skeleton of flower
arrangement.
 It helps in setting height and width of flower
arrangement.
b) Dominant/Focal Point/ point material – bold
flower,eye catching foilage.
c) Filler /secondary material – smaller
flower,filleres, foilage to cover mechanics and
edgeof container, also provide interest and
colour to display.14 Priyanka Verma

15. Care and conditioning of flower
 Plant material should be cut in slant.
 Best to cut flower before they reach maturity
 Wrap the flowers in newspaper till the neck of
flower.
 Use good knife or scissors
 To revive wilting flowers , cut half an inch of stem
underwater and plunge in water.
 Remove dead flowers
 Remove all leaves from stems that have shorter
life
 flower with hollow stems should have stem ends
seared over candle frame ,thus preventing the
sap from bleeding out.15 Priyanka Verma

16. Principles of flower arrangement
 Proportion – golden ratio which means the size
of each element –container ,plant, material , base
accessories should result in harmonious
appearance . the arrangement should be in scale
 Background – style of the room
1. Size if the room
2. Type of surface
3. practicality
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17.  Texture – glossy , dull, velvety
 Balance – 1) physical balance – plant material
should be securely fixed and container should be
heavy enough to support the plant.
2) Visual balance - the arrangement should look
stable. To increase visual weight :
 Dark flowers look heavier than pale ones
 Round flowers looks heavier than trumpets
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18.  Rhythm - also movement
involves using techniques and material that
guide the eye from one part of the display to
another.
 Colour – most important.
1) Monochromatic- single hue
2) Analogous – 2/3/4 hues next to each other on
colur wheel.
3) Contrasting /complimentary – colours directly
across each other on colour wheel.
4)polochromatic/rainbow/scattered- colours from all
parts of wheel18 Priyanka Verma

19. Colour wheel
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20.  Emphasis/dominance- involves creating foca
pint or point of interest to which the eye drawn
and on which it rest for short time.
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21.  placing flower arrangement –
1) Eye level
2) High level
3) Low level
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22. STYLE OF FLOWER
ARRANGMENT1) Based On The Angle :
 All Round Arrangement
 Facing Arrangement
2) Based On The Space Present In The Arrangement :
 Triangular Shape
 Crescent Shape
 Torch Shape
 Fan Shape
 Hogarth Shape
 Circular Shape
 Christmas Tree
 Mass Style
 Byzantine cone
 Biedermeier
 Line mass
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23. 3) Based on the type of plant material used :
 Foliage arrangement
 Dried flower arrangement
4)Based o the effect :
 Formal arrangement
 Semi-formal arrangement
 Informal arrangement
 Modern or abstract or free style
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24.  1)WESTERN STYLE /TRADITIONAL
STYLE
 2)ORIENTAL STYLE/JAPANESE
STYLE
 3)MODERN STYLE /ABSTRACT
STYLE
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25. Western flower arrangement
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26.  1)WESTERN STYLE:-this style of arrangement
is based on SYMMETRICAL GROUPING of
different flowers.
 it is displayed in a high decorative vase .
 the flower arrangements in this style are large.
 small flowers are concentrated at the center
with large flower surrounding them.
 the center always contains dark coloured
flowers while light coloured flowers and foliages
are used to outline them.
 the overall shape of a traditional arrangement
may be round, oval, triangular or pyramidal.
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27. 2)oriental style:-this style is better known as ikebana(meaning –arragement of
fress flower.
 based on the principles of flower arragement on the basis of hight of the
steam.
 three types steams use in ikebana :-1-heaven or shin-tallest stem
2-man 0r soi-second tallest
stem
3-earth or hikae –smallest
stem
 ikebana is two styles
 moribana:-made in low ,shallow container.
 nagiere:-which is a tall arrangement made up right in a tall container .
3)modern style:-no fixed rules, the arrangement used both fresh flower and
foliages along with try parts of trees,pieces of wood, etc.
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28. TRIANGULAR SHAPE
MOST WIDELY USED SHAPE OF FLOWER ARRANGEMENT
USED FOR MAKING BOUQUETS.
THE HEIGHT AND THE WIDTH OF THE TRIANGLE HAVE TO BE DECIDED
FIRST AND THEN THE ‘FOCAL POINT’.
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29. CRESCENT SHAPE
•The crescent shape is the shape of the moon after the new moon.
•An arrangement with one side shorter than the other.
•The more colorful flowers are kept on the larger side and more foliages and leaves
are kept on the shorter side to balance the arrangement.
•They are prepared on flat containers.
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30. TORCH SHAPE / VERTICAL LINE FLOWER
ARRANGEMENT
•This is a vertical flower arrangement and is in the shape of “the path of torch light”.
•The flowers used are tuberose and gladioli.
•They are made in tall containers and are kept on the sides or at the corners.
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31. FAN SHAPE
•It is semi-circular in shape and made in the form of a ‘Japanese hand fan’.
•It is made in a flat container. ‘Focal point’ is created in the center, near the base.
•If it is kept in the center, it would be attractive on both sides.
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32. CIRCULAR SHAPE
•This type of arrangement is generally used in the center and is low in shape.
•It is symmetrical and equally decorated on all sides.
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33. HOGRATH SHAPE
•It is in the shape of an “s”.
•The largest flower should be at the center and other flowers along the “s”.
• It should be made in a flat container for a better look.
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34. ALL-AROUND ARRANGEMENT
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35. FACING ARRANGEMENT
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36. TRADITIONAL MASS
ARRANGEMENT
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37. BIEDERMEIER STYLE
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39. Foliage ARRANGEMENT
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40. Dried FLOWER
ARRANGEMENT
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41.  Dried / circular
arrangement
 Abstract arrangement
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42. ABSTRACT ARRANGEMENT
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43. FORMAL ARRANGEMENT
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44. IKEBANA
 JAPANSESE flower arrangement
 Means making flowers live.
 Characteristic is to give the impression of naturally
growing plants.
 Represent – 1) shin – symbolize heaven(tallest)
2) see - symbolize man (second highest)
3) hikae – denotes earth (lowest)
 Use odd no. of flowers ,consider them lucky and
aesthetic.eg: 3,5,7.
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45.  Moribana- flower arrangement in flat /low/ shallow
container in which pin holder is used..
 Hikae- arrangement in tall vase without pin holder.
 Seika- a formal arrangment
 Ukibana-floating arrangement
 Moribana- Basket arrangement
 Arrangement in tall cylindrical vase with flowing and
natural effect.
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46.  Foliage- refers to leafy plant material used in
flower arrangement.
Eg: palm leaves, boxwood, ivy, pine, Cyprus,
goldenrods ,fern , thuja , bamboos.
 Fillers – refers to plant material used to hide
plant stems, container edges, and oasis.
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