This document provides information on various automobile safety features, including airbags, anti-lock braking systems, traction control, and electronic stability control. It discusses how airbags work by inflating rapidly during a collision to cushion occupants from impact. Anti-lock braking systems use sensors and microprocessors to monitor wheel speed and prevent skidding during braking. Traction control builds on ABS to control engine and brake functions to prevent wheel slip on low traction surfaces. Electronic stability control uses sensors and individual braking of wheels to augment stability and correct understeering or oversteering situations. Global automakers spend billions annually on new safety technologies to protect occupants.

1. A Seminar onA Seminar on
AUTOMOBILE SAFETYAUTOMOBILE SAFETY

2. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Automobile Industry is undergoing a BIGAutomobile Industry is undergoing a BIG
TRANSFORMATION never seen before.TRANSFORMATION never seen before.
Today CAR’s are not only used for personalToday CAR’s are not only used for personal
Transport but they are ENCOMPASSED withTransport but they are ENCOMPASSED with
Entertainment that vies with the fedility of your HOMEEntertainment that vies with the fedility of your HOME
THEATRETHEATRE
Seating arrangement more comfortable than yourSeating arrangement more comfortable than your
RECLINERRECLINER
SAFETY FEATURESSAFETY FEATURES making your car safer than a TANKmaking your car safer than a TANK

3. •Globally car companies SpendGlobally car companies Spend
nearly $36 billon annually fornearly $36 billon annually for
influencing new TECHNOLOGIESinfluencing new TECHNOLOGIES
into their cars.into their cars.
•Some of the big advancement in
Automotive Industry in last 10years
have come in a area of SAFETY.

4. In addition to Telematics based Services like
• Digital Satellite Radio
•In car E-mail
•GPS systems
Recent Advancement in Braking Technology have led to
•Shorter stopping distance
•Increased Control in PANIC situation
•More control on CURVED turns

5. Air BagsAir Bags
•What’s the main function of the System?
•Material of Airbags?
•History

6. Actual WorkingActual Working
Airbag Before Collision Airbag After Collision

7. Inflation unitInflation unit
•How does it INFLATES?

8. Effectiveness
This system has proven its effectiveness
• In frontal crashes reduction in d rivers death reduced by nearly
14%
•Passenger side airbags reducing death by nearly 11%
•NHTSA estimated reduction in risk by nearly 85% with the
combination of seat belt and airbags compared than only seatbelt
i.e60%
Car ModelCar Model Head Injury RiskHead Injury Risk
AirbagAirbag No AirbagNo Airbag
Holden CommodoreHolden Commodore 2828 4848
Toyota CamryToyota Camry 2020 4444
Mitsubishi MagnaMitsubishi Magna 66 2727
Ford FalconFord Falcon 1414 N. A.N. A.
This are some crash results which give the effectiveness of the system

9. Different types of AirbagsDifferent types of Airbags
DRIVERS SIDE AIRBAG

10. PASSENGER AIR BAG
Curtain Airbags

11. Anti-lock Braking SystemAnti-lock Braking System
• Introduction?
•Advancement in the system?
•Working?

12. Advancement in the system?

13. How Does the system Works?

14. Working
Conventional BrakingConventional Braking
Whole process is controlled by driver applied breakWhole process is controlled by driver applied break
paddle pressurepaddle pressure;;
ABS BrakingABS Braking
Electric Sensors monitor the wheel speedElectric Sensors monitor the wheel speed
ABS microprocessor Compares the wheel speedABS microprocessor Compares the wheel speed
Control valve is energized.Control valve is energized.

15. EffectivenessEffectiveness
ABS on a test track

16. Advantages:
Achives the Shortest Stopping distance
Better chance on Steering around obstacle
Reduced risk of skidding
Disadvantages:
Precautions should be taken while
driving
Proved less effective on gravel road or
road compacted by snow

17. Traction ControlTraction Control
Next Generation ABSNext Generation ABS
Uses ABS as a Building block.Uses ABS as a Building block.
Can be is a combination of ABS & EngineCan be is a combination of ABS & Engine
controlcontrol

18. Mainly the system has to control some
or all conditions
Retard or Suppress the spark to one or more
cylinders
Retard fuel supply to one or main cylinder
Break one or more wheel
Close the throttle, if the vehicle is fitted by
wire throttle

19. Electronic Stability ControlElectronic Stability Control

20. MainMain componentscomponents of the systemof the system
A) active wheel speed sensors;
B) steering angle sensor;
C) Yaw rate sensor
D) attached electronic control unit (ECU)
E) motor;
F) pressure sensor,
G) hydraulic unit.

21. Steering Angle Sensor
Understeering (“plowing out”) Oversteering (“spinning out”)

22. Some important ECS definitions
• ESC augments vehicle directional stability by
applying and adjusting the vehicle brakes individually
to induce correcting yaw torques to the vehicle.
• ESC is a computer-controlled system, which uses a
close-loop algorithm to limit under steer and over steer
of the vehicle when appropriate

23. Case StudyCase Study
A S-Class Mercedes sedan testing Bosch's ESP system