This document summarizes a technical seminar presentation on automobile differential systems. It introduces differentials as integral parts that allow wheels to spin at different speeds during turns. It describes the manufacturing process, key parts like pinion gears and spider gears, and functions like torque multiplication and power direction change. It also discusses drawbacks of open differentials and different types of differentials like locked, limited slip, and electronic differentials. The document outlines maintenance steps like regular oil changes and provides disassembly procedures. It concludes that differentials supply equal torque to wheels while allowing different rotational speeds.

1. DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
A Technical Seminar on
A STUDY ON AUTOMOBILE
DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM
Presented by:
Ankit Kumar Maurya

2. CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF
DIFFERENTIAL
3. PARTS OF DIFFERNTIAL SYSTEM
4. WORKING OF DIFFRENTIAL
5. OTHER FUNCTIONS OF DIFFERNTIAL
6. DRAWBACK OF STANDARD DIFFERENTIAL
7. TYPES OF DIFFERENTIAL
8. DIFFERENTIAL MAINTENANCE
9. DIFFERENTIAL UNIT DISASSEMBLY
10. CONCLUSION
11. REFERENCE

3. INTRODUCTION
 Differential is an integral part of all four wheelers.
 A differential is used to allow the wheels to spin at
different speeds.
 This is necessary when the vehicle turns

4. MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF DIFFERENTIAL
 INVENTORY
 BORING
 DRILLING
 FINE BORING
 THREADING
 TAPPING

5. PART’S OF DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM
 Pinion drive gear: transfer power from the drive shaft
to the ring gear.
 Ring gear: will transfer power to differential case
assembly.
 Spider gears: The spider gear lies at the heart of the
differential and special mention should be made about
its rotation.
 Differential case assembly: Hold the gear and drive
the axel.
 Rear drive axel: Transfer torque from differential
assembly to the drive wheels.
.

6. Part’s of Differential

7.  When turning, the inner and outer wheels have arcs of
different turning radii.
 The inner wheels travel less distance than the outer wheels.

8.  From the drive shaft power is transferred to the
pinion gear first, since the pinion and ring gear are
meshed, power flows to the ring gear.
 As the spider gear is connected with the ring gear,
power flows to it.
 Finally from the spider gear, power gets transferred to
both the side gears.

9. 1) First is speed reduction at the pinion-ring gear
assembly.
since the power flow at the pinion and ring gear are
the same, such a speed reduction will result in a high
torque multiplication.
2) can also note one specialty of the ring gear, they are
hypoid gears. Hypoid gears have more contact area
compared to the other gear pairs.
3) The other function of the differential is to turn the
power flow direction by 90 degree.

10. The problem is an open diff always tries to
balance the torque.
Almost no torque is needed to spin one wheel,
and since the open differential always sends
the same amount of torque to both output
shafts.

11. • Open Differential
• Locked Differential
• Active/Electronic Differential
• Limited Slip Differential

12. Differential lubrication
 Change this oil every 30,000 to 50,000 miles
(or as specified in user manual).
 Use recommended oil for differential since
different type requires different oil density
and properties.
 After draining the used oil, clean the
differential completely and then fill the new
lubricating oil.
 Ensure the seal in the unit is good to avoid
leakage and dust accumulation

13.  Procedures for removal, disassembly, and
reassembly vary depending on the type of
differential, make, and model.
 To remove a separate carrier differential, perform
the following•
 Remove the drive shaft•
 Place a drain pan under the differential.
 Remove the drain plug and drain the lubricant.
 Unbolt the nuts around the outside of the carrier.
 Force the differential carrier away from the
housing

14.  In automobile and other wheeled vehicles, the
differential allows each of the driving wheels to
rotate at different speeds, while supplying equal
torque to each of them.
 Limited slip differential prevents excessive power
from being allocated to one wheel, and thereby
keeping both wheels in powered rotation.

15.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_%2
8mechanical_device%29
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_diffe
rential
 Scooters India limited.

16. THANK
YOU