This document discusses Precise Point Positioning (PPP), including its methods, geodetic usage, and potential for improvement. PPP allows single GNSS receivers to determine positions with centimeter to decimeter accuracy using precise satellite orbit and clock information. It works by combining user satellite observations with corrections from the International GNSS Service. PPP has advantages like global coverage, compatibility with multiple satellite constellations, and homogenization of reference frames. The document also outlines how PPP can be improved through faster correction delivery, integration with RTK networks, and enhanced GNSS infrastructure.

1. 1Timilsina (2018-12-13) PPP – Methods and Geodetic Usage
Precise Point Positioning: Methods and
Geodetic Usage

2. 2
Timilsina (2018-12-13) PPP – Methods and Geodetic Usage
Outline
 Introduction
 Methods of PPP
 Geodetic Usage of PPP
 Potential Improvement
 Summary

3. 3
Timilsina (2018-12-13) PPP – Methods and Geodetic Usage
1 Introduction
POINT POSITIONING
Darpan Dodiya, 2014

4. 4Timilsina (2018-12-13) PPP – Methods and Geodetic Usage
GNSS Positioning Techniques
(Choy), 2017

5. Absolute Position
• allows single GNSS receiver to determine position
Global Coverage
Precise orbits and clocks
Cm-dm accuracy
5Timilsina (2018-12-13) PPP – Methods and Geodetic Usage
Principle of PPP
PPP = Precise Orbit and Clock information + User Satellite Tracking information + Error
Modelling
http://www.novatel.com

6. 6
2 How does PPP work?: Working Architecture
Internet
IGS Streams Broadcast
Ephemeris
Streams
correction
Receiving & Decoding
data
Raw Gnss Obs. (Pseudorange, carrier
phase)
Broadcast Ephemeris Orbit/Clock correction
Real Time Precise Orbit/clock
PPP Processing/EKF
Output Position
User PPP Software
Timilsina (2018-12-13) PPP – Methods and Geodetic Usage
Working Architecture of Real Time PPP

7. 7Timilsina (2018-12-13) PPP – Methods and Geodetic Usage
PPP correction model
Items Correction Model/Strategies
Observations Ionospheric-free linear combination code and carrier-
phase measurements
Constellations GPS/GLONASS/BDS/GALILEO
Estimator Extended Kalman Filter (EKF)
Precise satellite orbits and clocks Derived from real-time streams+ broadcast ephemeris
Receiver antenna phase center Absolute Antennae Phase Center Model

8. 8Timilsina (2018-12-13) PPP – Methods and Geodetic Usage
PPP correction model cont…
Items Correction Model/Strategies
 Relativistic effects
Use of satellite clock correction
tropospheric delay Tropospheric model
Tidal effects Geophysical model

9. 9Timilsina (2018-12-13) PPP – Methods and Geodetic Usage
Accuracy
(Choy), 2017

10. 10Timilsina (2018-12-13) PPP – Methods and Geodetic Usage
Advantages of PPP
https://www.mercatorgps.com
https://www.gsa.europa.eu/
Single Receiver Cost Effective Solution
Global Datum: Homogenity
Wide range of application

11. 11Timilsina (2018-12-13) PPP – Methods and Geodetic Usage
Special Issues related to PPP
Time-span of Continuous Observations
Reference Frames
Latency of Orbits and Satellite Clock Corrections
http://www.dynamicscience.com.aus

12. 12Timilsina (2018-12-13) PPP – Methods and Geodetic Usage
Widespread phenomenon destruction of reference stations
Existence of various local reference systems and not homogenous
Lack of baseline points in some regions with high economic potential
Additional densification cost at the beginning of each infrastructure project.
3. Geodetic Usage of PPP
https://www.osi.ie/resources/reference-information-2/

13. 13Timilsina (2018-12-13) PPP – Methods and Geodetic Usage
IGS Product in PPP
GPS Satellite Ephemerides Type Accuracy Latency
Broadcast ~100cm Real Time
Ultra-Rapid (Predicted) ~5cm Real Time
Ultra Rapid (Observed) ~3cm 3-9 Hours
Rapid ~2.5 17-41 hours
Final ~2.5 12-18 days
Malinowshki, 2016

14. 14Timilsina (2018-12-13) PPP – Methods and Geodetic Usage
Online Services
Malinowshki, 2016

15. Ambiguity resolution
Integration with RTK
Infrastructure Issues
15Timilsina (2018-12-13) PPP – Methods and Geodetic Usage
4 Potential Improvement

16. PPP has promising future providing economic benefits
Integration with RTK for efficient functioning
The implementation of advanced GNSS Infrastructure.
The dissemination as local products for GNSS Community.
16Timilsina (2018-12-13) PPP – Methods and Geodetic Usage
5 Summary

17. 17
 Gottfried Thaler, Ana Karabatic and Robert Weber. "Precise Point Positioning – Towards Real-Time
Applications." Vermessung & Geoinformation (2011): 171-179.
 KARABATIĆ, ANA. Precise Point Positioning (PPP).An alternative technique for ground based GNSS
troposphere monitoring. 2011.
 Katrin HUBER, Florian HEUBERGER, Christoph ABART, Ana KARABATIC, Robert. "Precise Point
Positioning - Constraints and Opportunities." FIG Congress 2010. 2010.
 Liang Wang 1, 2,*, Zishen Li, Maorong Ge, Frank Neitzel 4 ID , Zhiyu Wang, and Hong Yuan. "Validation
and Assessment of Multi-GNSS Real-Time Precise Point Positioning in Simulated Kinematic Mode Using
IGS Real-Time Service." 2018.
 Marcin Malinwoski, Janusz kweicien. "A comparative study of Precise Point Positioning, Accuracy Using
Online Services." 2016.
REFERENCES
Timilsina (2018-12-13) PPP – Methods and Geodetic Usage

18.  Sunil Bisnath, John Aggrey, Garrett Seepersad,Maninder Gill. "Innovation Examining the Precise Point
Positioning near Future." 2018.
 Sunil Bisnath, Yang Gao. "Precise Point Positioning: A powerful technique with Promising Future."
Algorithms and Methods INNOVATION (2009): 48-49.
 Wang, G. Q. "Millimeter-accuracy GPS landslide monitoring using Precise Point Positioning with Single
Receiver Phase Ambiguity (PPP-SRPA) resolution: a case study in Puerto Rico." Geodetic Science (2012).
 Witchayangkoon, Boonsap. "Elements of GPS Precise Point Positining." 2000.
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REFERENCES
Timilsina (2018-12-13) PPP – Methods and Geodetic Usage