Plants are divided into flowering and non-flowering groups, with flowering plants producing fruits with seeds inside while non-flowering gymnosperms have small flowers that do not produce fruit. Mosses have simple stems and leaves and produce capsules for reproduction, while ferns have strong roots and produce spores. Roots absorb water and minerals from the ground through root hairs to transport throughout the plant via the stem, with leaves containing chlorophyll and stomata to perform photosynthesis for the plant's energy needs and reproduction.