Plants
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The document summarizes the classification and characteristics of major plant groups. Plants are classified into two groups - flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants are further divided into angiosperms and gymnosperms, while non-flowering plants include ferns and mosses. Angiosperms produce fruits containing seeds, while gymnosperms produce cones. Ferns and mosses reproduce using spores. The document also describes the basic plant structures of roots, stems, and leaves and their functions, as well as the process of photosynthesis.
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The plant kingdom
Flowering plants are the largest group of plants on Earth and are divided into angiosperms and gymnosperms. Angiosperms have flowers that are pollinated and produce fruits containing seeds, while gymnosperms have small flowers and develop seeds in cones without producing fruit. Non-flowering plants do not produce seeds and include ferns, which have underground roots and stems, and mosses, which have very simple above-ground stems and leaves.
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The document summarizes four types of plants: gymnosperms, angiosperms, ferns, and mosses. Gymnosperms reproduce through cones and do not produce fruit, while angiosperms reproduce through flowering and fruit-bearing plants like roses and berries. Ferns have roots, stems, and large frond-like leaves and have existed for over 300 million years. Mosses have simple stems and leaves and reproduce via spores inside capsules.
Angiosperms
Flowers evolved in angiosperms as a way to attract animals to transport pollen between plants. Flowers contain ovaries that develop into fruits which help disperse seeds. Angiosperms are divided into monocots and dicots based on the number of seed leaves, with monocots having one and dicots having two. Biennials complete their lifecycle over two years, annuals do so in one growing season, and perennials live for more than two years, with most having woody stems.
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Plants are divided into four main groups: angiosperms, gymnosperms, ferns, and mosses. Angiosperms produce flowers and fruits containing seeds, gymnosperms have cones and small flowers without fruits, while ferns and mosses reproduce via spores. The main plant parts are roots, which absorb water and minerals, stems, which transport fluids and hold up other parts, and leaves, containing chlorophyll and veins that facilitate photosynthesis and transport nutrients. Nutrition occurs as roots absorb water and minerals, xylem transports these to leaves, where carbon dioxide is absorbed and glucose is produced and sent to other plant parts by phloem cells.
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The Plant Kingdom
The plant kingdom is divided into flowering and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants are the largest group and reproduce through seeds and flowers. They are further divided into gymnosperms like conifers which produce seeds in cones, and angiosperms which produce fruits containing seeds. Non-flowering plants like ferns and mosses reproduce using spores and include some of the earliest plants. Plants have structures like roots, stems, leaves, and flowers that take in water and nutrients from the soil and environment and conduct photosynthesis to produce food.
Flowering plants
This document discusses the characteristics of flowering plants. Flowering plants, or angiosperms, are defined as plants that produce flowers. They are divided into two main classes - monocots and dicots - based on whether they have one or two cotyledons. Flowering plants are distinguished from other seed plants by their production of flowers and fruits. Examples of flowering plants mentioned include roses, lotuses, tulips and marigolds.
Seed plants
Seed plants have three key characteristics: they produce seeds, their sperm do not require water and are transported within pollen grains, and they are the most common plants on Earth. A seed forms after fertilization and contains three parts - the young plant, stored food, and a protective seed coat. Seed plants have advantages over seedless plants as their seeds can be dispersed farther. Gymnosperms and angiosperms are two major groups of seed plants. Gymnosperms produce conifer cones while angiosperms produce flowers and fruits. Both have adaptations that aid reproduction and dispersal.
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Angiosperms
Flowers evolved in angiosperms as a way to attract animals to transport pollen between plants. Flowers contain ovaries that develop into fruits which help disperse seeds. Angiosperms are divided into monocots and dicots based on the number of seed leaves, with monocots having one and dicots having two. Biennials complete their lifecycle over two years, annuals do so in one growing season, and perennials live for more than two years, with most having woody stems.
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The Plant Kingdom
The plant kingdom is divided into flowering and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants are the largest group and reproduce through seeds and flowers. They are further divided into gymnosperms like conifers which produce seeds in cones, and angiosperms which produce fruits containing seeds. Non-flowering plants like ferns and mosses reproduce using spores and include some of the earliest plants. Plants have structures like roots, stems, leaves, and flowers that take in water and nutrients from the soil and environment and conduct photosynthesis to produce food.
Flowering plants
This document discusses the characteristics of flowering plants. Flowering plants, or angiosperms, are defined as plants that produce flowers. They are divided into two main classes - monocots and dicots - based on whether they have one or two cotyledons. Flowering plants are distinguished from other seed plants by their production of flowers and fruits. Examples of flowering plants mentioned include roses, lotuses, tulips and marigolds.
Seed plants
Seed plants have three key characteristics: they produce seeds, their sperm do not require water and are transported within pollen grains, and they are the most common plants on Earth. A seed forms after fertilization and contains three parts - the young plant, stored food, and a protective seed coat. Seed plants have advantages over seedless plants as their seeds can be dispersed farther. Gymnosperms and angiosperms are two major groups of seed plants. Gymnosperms produce conifer cones while angiosperms produce flowers and fruits. Both have adaptations that aid reproduction and dispersal.
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This document summarizes the main plant parts and their functions. It discusses the parts and functions of seeds, roots, leaves, stems, and flowers. Seeds contain an embryo, endosperm, cotyledon, and seed coat. Roots absorb water and nutrients, anchor the plant, and transport materials. Leaves perform photosynthesis and transpiration. The stem transports water and nutrients and supports other plant structures. Flowers are pollinated to produce fruit and seed.
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Plants can be divided into three main groups based on their reproduction methods:
1) Non-seed producing plants like algae, fungi, mosses and ferns reproduce using spores and lack true roots, stems and leaves.
2) Gymnosperms are seed-producing but flowerless plants like conifers that bear cones and have exposed seeds.
3) Angiosperms are flowering plants that have seeds enclosed in fruits; they are divided into monocots and dicots. Monocots have single cotyledons while dicots have two.
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The document discusses the parts of plants and trees. Small plants have roots, stems, leaves, flowers, petals, and seeds. Trees have roots, trunks made of bark, branches, and leaves. They also bear fruits or seeds. A growing process begins with a seed shooting and growing into a plant. Plants need water, air, sunlight, and nutrients to live. Roots absorb water and food from soil and anchor the plant. Stems hold leaves and transport water and food. Leaves collect sunlight for energy and release oxygen. Flowers attract insects to transport pollen for reproduction.
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Flower is a reproductive structure that contains either male or female organs or both. A flower contains several parts including sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil. There are different types of flowers including bisexual, unisexual, and neutral flowers. Seeds come from fruits and there are two main types - monocot seeds with one cotyledon and dicot seeds with two cotyledons. Monocot seeds have an embryo with one cotyledon called a scutellum and endosperm as the storage tissue. Dicot seeds have an embryo containing a primary axis and two cotyledons which act as storage organs.
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1) The document discusses the parts, needs, and functions of plants, including flowers, stems, leaves, and roots.
2) It explains that flowers form seeds and fruits through pollination to produce new plants, while stems transport water and nutrients, and leaves take in sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce food for the plant.
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Plants are divided into flowering and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants reproduce sexually through flowers and produce seeds, and are further divided into angiosperms and gymnosperms. Angiosperms are pollinated and produce fruits containing seeds, while gymnosperms have small flowers and produce seeds in cones. Non-flowering plants reproduce asexually through spores and include ferns, which have roots, stems and fronds, and mosses, which are small with simple stems and leaves.
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This document discusses the parts and functions of plants. It describes the main plant parts including leaves, stems, roots, and flowers. Leaves perform photosynthesis to produce food. Stems transport water, minerals, and food and provide support. Roots absorb water and nutrients from soil. Flowers produce seeds through sexual reproduction and attract pollinators like insects.
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Flowering plants first appeared around 135 million years ago and have since diversified greatly. They have flowers that attract pollinators like bees, helping the plants reproduce. There are over 500 ways to classify flowers based on their many variations from crossed genes between species. Angiosperms can be divided into two main classes - monocots and dicots - based on their seeds and seedling structure. Monocots have one seed and dicots have two. Angiosperms can also be classified as woody, herbaceous, annual, perennial, or biennial based on characteristics like their stem structure and lifespan.
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The document summarizes the process of plant reproduction. It explains that flowers have four main parts: the calyx, corolla, stamens, and pistil. Pollination is when pollen is transferred between the stamens of one flower to the stigma of another via animals like insects or wind. After pollination, the pollen grains fertilize the ovule inside the ovary, causing the ovule to grow into a seed within a fruit. When the seed falls to the ground and absorbs water in warm conditions, germination occurs and a new plant grows.
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Unit 4 the plant kingdom
Plants are classified into two main groups: flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants reproduce sexually through flowers and seeds, and are further divided into angiosperms and gymnosperms. Non-flowering plants reproduce asexually through spores and include ferns and mosses. All plants have three main parts: roots, stems, and leaves. Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil, stems transport fluids and support the plant, and leaves contain chlorophyll and perform photosynthesis to produce food for the plant.
Unit 4 diagram (1)
Plants are classified based on their reproductive structures and methods. Flowering plants reproduce sexually through flowers and seeds, while non-flowering plants reproduce asexually using spores. Angiosperms are flowering plants that produce fruits containing seeds, while gymnosperms are non-flowering plants like pine trees that bear seeds in cones. Ferns and mosses also reproduce using spores. All plants have roots, stems and leaves that carry out essential functions like absorbing water and minerals, providing structure, and capturing sunlight for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the key process by which plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to produce their own food in the form of glucose.
Unit 4 diagram
Plants are classified based on their reproductive structures and methods. Flowering plants reproduce sexually through flowers and seeds, while non-flowering plants reproduce asexually using spores. Angiosperms are flowering plants that produce fruits containing seeds, while gymnosperms are non-flowering plants like pine trees that bear seeds in cones. Ferns and mosses also reproduce using spores. All plants have roots, stems and leaves that carry out essential functions like absorbing water and minerals, providing structure, and capturing sunlight for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the key process by which plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to produce their own food in the form of glucose.
Unit 4 Plant Kingdom
Plants are divided into two main groups: flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants reproduce through flowers and seeds, while non-flowering plants reproduce through spores. The main parts of plants are roots, stems, and leaves. Plants produce their own food through photosynthesis, where chloroplasts in leaves use energy from the sun to turn carbon dioxide, water, and minerals into glucose.
The plant kingdom naturales tema 4
This document provides information about the plant kingdom and plant classification. It discusses the two main categories of plants - flowering plants (angiosperms) and non-flowering plants (gymnosperms, ferns, mosses). Flowering plants reproduce through seeds and flowers, while non-flowering plants reproduce using spores. The document also describes the key parts of plants - roots, stems, leaves and flowers. It explains the processes of photosynthesis, where plants produce their own food, and respiration, where plants both produce and consume oxygen.
Unit 4 the plant kingdom
The document discusses flowering and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants, like apple and cherry trees, reproduce sexually through flowers and seeds contained in fruits. Non-flowering plants like ferns and mosses reproduce asexually through spores. Gymnosperms are also flowering plants but have small flowers and cones instead of fruits. The document also describes the key parts of plants - roots that take in water and minerals, stems that provide structure and transport nutrients, and leaves that perform photosynthesis to produce food.
The plant kingdom
Flowering plants reproduce through seeds contained within fruits. Angiosperms produce fruits containing seeds after pollination. Gymnosperms have small flowers and their seeds develop in cones, including many conifer trees. Non-flowering plants reproduce asexually through spores and include ferns and mosses, with ferns being some of the oldest plant life on Earth evolving over 300 million years ago.
Naturalists at Large: Plant kingdom
Plants have basic needs of temperature, light, water, air, nutrients, and space to grow. They are eukaryotes that can produce their own food through photosynthesis. Plants have two main stages in their life cycle - the sporophyte produces spores and the gametophyte produces sex cells. There are two divisions of plants - vascular plants that have transport tissues and nonvascular plants that do not. Nonvascular plants include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts while vascular plants are divided into spore producers like ferns and seed producers. Seed plants are further divided into gymnosperms like conifers that produce naked seeds and angiosperms that produce seeds in an enclosed ovary.
Plants classification
This document summarizes plant classification and the life cycle of flowering plants. It discusses that plants are classified into non-flowering plants, which reproduce with spores, and flowering plants, which reproduce with flowers and seeds. Flowering plants are further divided into gymnosperms, which have cones and seeds but no fruit, and angiosperms, which produce fruits containing seeds. The document then outlines the process of photosynthesis, pollination leading to fertilization and seed production, and how seeds germinate into new plants. It concludes with describing asexual reproduction methods of tubers, bulbs, and stolons.
Plants: Presentation One for Spaced Learning
This document provides an overview of plant structures and classifications. It begins by describing nonvascular plants like mosses, which lack true roots, stems or leaves and rely on diffusion. Next, it covers seedless vascular plants like ferns and seed vascular plants like gymnosperms and angiosperms. Key details include the structures and functions of roots, stems, leaves and their tissues. It also explains the differences between monocots and dicots as well as reproductive structures like seeds, spores and their dispersal methods.
Unit 3
Plants have roots that take in water and minerals from the soil, stems that transport nutrients throughout the plant, and leaves that take in sunlight for photosynthesis. They reproduce through pollination, where pollen is transferred between the male and female parts of flowers, leading to the development of seeds inside fruits. There are different types of plants including trees, bushes, and grasses, as well as evergreen plants that keep their leaves year-round and deciduous plants that lose leaves seasonally. Plants provide many benefits to humans as sources of food, materials like wood, paper, and rubber, and medicines.
SPORE AND CONE BEARING PLANTS, VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
Spore bearing plants or sporophyte
cone bearing plants or conifers
natural and artificial vegetative propagation
Plants: Parts, Photosynthesis, Reproduction REINO LA PUEBLA
This document summarizes the key parts and functions of plants. It explains that most plants have roots, stems, and leaves, with roots absorbing water and minerals, stems supporting leaves and transporting nutrients, and leaves producing food through photosynthesis. The document also distinguishes between flowering and non-flowering plants, describing their sexual and asexual reproduction processes, and explains the importance of photosynthesis for providing oxygen and consuming carbon dioxide.
power point naturales
Plants are divided into flowering and non-flowering groups, with flowering plants producing fruits with seeds inside while non-flowering gymnosperms have small flowers that do not produce fruit. Mosses have simple stems and leaves and produce capsules for reproduction, while ferns have strong roots and produce spores. Roots absorb water and minerals from the ground through root hairs to transport throughout the plant via the stem, with leaves containing chlorophyll and stomata to perform photosynthesis for the plant's energy needs and reproduction.
Plant Structure and Function.ppt
This document provides an overview of plant anatomy and physiology, covering the major plant parts and their functions, plant classification, sexual reproduction in plants, photosynthesis, respiration, environmental factors like light, temperature, water, and plant growth regulators. It describes the root system, stem structures and transport tissues, leaf anatomy, flower parts, and defines key terms.
Plants
This document provides an overview of the key structures and functions of plants. It discusses the main tissue systems - dermal, vascular and ground tissues - that make up plant bodies and allow them to transport water and nutrients. Roots are described as having important functions of nutrient/water uptake and transport. Stems are discussed as providing structure, support and a transport system between roots and leaves. Leaves are highlighted as the main photosynthetic organs. The document also covers plant diversity and types of plant reproduction including seeds and their protective structures.
Unit 3-plants-converted
This document discusses plants and their classification. It contains three main sections:
1. It describes the main parts of a plant - roots, stem, and leaves. It explains their functions, like roots taking in water and minerals and stems transporting nutrients.
2. It classifies plants based on their stems as either woody plants like trees and shrubs, or herbaceous plants like herbs. It also classifies them based on whether they flower or not.
3. It explains the process of photosynthesis and the parts of a flower, including the corolla, calyx, stamens and pistil. It then summarizes how flowering plants reproduce through pollination, fertilization,
Plant growth and development
Plant growth and development occurs through various processes. Leaves grow from leaf primordia in the shoot apical meristem and develop through unfolding of the leaf blade. Roots grow from the root apical meristem through cell division and differentiation. Stems provide support and transport of water and nutrients through primary growth in length and secondary growth in thickness. Tubers are storage and reproductive structures that develop from thickened stems or roots. Plant growth is driven by mechanisms like seed germination, photosynthesis, and plant hormones that regulate cell division and expansion.
Chapter 9-Plants
Plants range in size from microscopic to huge redwood trees. They vary in where they grow from polar regions to hot deserts. Plant cells contain structures like cell walls, chloroplasts, and a vacuole that distinguish them from animal and bacterial cells. Plants are believed to have evolved from green algae in the sea around 420 million years ago. They adapted to land through structures like a waxy cuticle and the development of seeds for reproduction on land. Plants are classified as vascular or nonvascular, with vascular plants having transport tissues.
The plants unit3 5º grade
Plants are multicellular organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis. They cannot move and have roots, stems, and leaves. Roots take in water and minerals from soil, stems provide structure, and leaves produce food. Plants are classified as those with flowers that reproduce with seeds, and those without flowers that reproduce with spores. They can be further grouped by size as trees, shrubs, or grasses.
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SPORE AND CONE BEARING PLANTS, VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
SPORE AND CONE BEARING PLANTS, VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
Plants: Parts, Photosynthesis, Reproduction REINO LA PUEBLA
Plants: Parts, Photosynthesis, Reproduction REINO LA PUEBLA
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Plants
- 2. THE PLANT KINGDOM INCLUDES MORE THAN 250.000 SPECIES. ARE CLASSIFIED IN 2 GROUPS FLOWERING PLANTS: ANGIOSPERM AND GIMNOSPERMS NON-FLOWERING PLANTS: FERNS AND MOSSES
- 3. This plants are grow through seeds. Can be two groups Angiosperms: produce fruits whit seeds inside Gimnosperms: they don’t produce a fruit they produce cones
- 4. Do not produce seeds they produce asexually using spores Ferns: they have large leaves called fronds. They produce spores inside Mosses: they have very simple stems and leaves. They produce spores inside capsules
- 5. PLANTS HAVE 3 PARTS: ROOTS STEM AND THE LEAVES.THE MOST IMPORTANT IS THE FLOWER
- 6. The roots grow under the ground absorb water and minerals from the ground through the root hair.
- 7. Stem holds up the other parts of the plant. Water and minerals travel through the stem to the leaves. The food travels to the other part of the plant.
- 8. Leaves contain a green substance wich is necesary for photosintesis. Most leaves have two parts. Veins carry water and minerals
- 9. 1. The roots absorb water and minerals from the soil 2. Xylem cells transport this mixture 3. Leaves absorb carbon dioxide an transform into glucose and oxygen 4. Pholem cells carry the glucose
- 10. Plants during the day produce oxygen but at night when the photosynthesis stop plants relase carbon dioxide
- 11. PHOTOSYNTESIS IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE: o IT PROVIDES US OXYGEN o CONSUMES CARBON DIOXIDE o TRANSFORM WATER AND MINERALS INTO FOOD