The document summarizes information about power factor correction. It defines key terms like working power, reactive power, and apparent power. It then explains that power factor is a measure of efficiency and discusses common causes of low power factor like induction motors. The document lists devices used for power factor improvement like static capacitors and synchronous condensers. It outlines issues with low power factor like higher utility bills and lower system capacity. Finally, it discusses benefits of power factor correction like reduced electricity bills and environmental benefits from improved energy efficiency.

1. Group Name: অনির্বাি
Port City International University
Excellence In Higher Education
UGC & Govt. Approved university at khulshi in Chittagong
A leading Global University meeting the challenges of the fast changing world
Name
Mintazur Rahaman
Narayan Datta
Tamzidul karim
Dibbharaj Sarkar
Mohidul Islam

2.  Working /Active Power: Normally measured in
kilowatts (kW). It does the "work" for the system--
providing the motion, torque, heat, or whatever else is
required.
 Reactive Power: Normally measured in kilovolt-
amperes reactive (kVAR), doesn't do useful "work." It
simply sustains the electromagnetic field.
 Apparent Power: Normally measured in kilovolt-
amperes (kVA). Working Power and Reactive Power
together make up apparent power

3.  Power Factor A measure of efficiency. The ratio of Active Power
(output) to Total Power (input)
Power Factor =
= DISPLACEMENT POWER FACTOR
=
= Cosine (
A power factor reading close to 1.0 means that electrical power is
being utilized effectively, while a low power factor indicates poor
utilization of electrical power.

4.  1. Most of the motors
used in industries are
of induction type,
which have low lagging
pf
 2. Lamps, discharge
lamps operate at low
lagging pf
 3 Transformer system
work at low lagging pf
 4. Load on the system
is varying which results
in decreasing or low pf

5.  Power Factor is a measure of the electrical
systems efficiency The total electrical power
(Kilo Volt Amperes or kVA) used in an electrical
system by an industrial .

6.  AC POWER FLOW HAS TWO COMPONENTS:
 REAL POWER OR ACTIVE POWER (P) EXPRESSED IN WATTS (W)
 REACTIVE POWER (Q), USUALLY EXPRESSED IN REACTIVE VOLT-
AMPERES (VAR)
 THESE ARE COMBINED TO THE COMPLEX POWER (S) EXPRESSED VOLT-
AMPERES (VA). THE MAGNITUDE OF THE COMPLEX POWER IS THE
APPARENT POWER (|S|), ALSO EXPRESSED IN VOLT-AMPERES (VA).
 THE POWER FACTOR IS DEFINED AS THE RATIO OF REAL POWER TO
APPARENT POWER. AS POWER IS TRANSFERRED ALONG A
TRANSMISSION LINE
 IF Θ IS THE PHASE ANGLE BETWEEN THE CURRENT AND VOLTAGE,
THEN THE POWER FACTOR IS EQUAL TO THE COSINE OF THE ANGLE,

7.  The following devices and equipment are
used for Power Factor Improvement.
1. Static Capacitor
2. Synchronous Condenser
3. Phase Advancer

8.  1. Lower the pf, higher is the load current required
 2. Lower the pf, kvA rating of the equipment has to be
more which means the equipment has to be larger and
expensive
 3. To transmit or distribute a fixed amount of power at
constant voltage, the conductor will have to carry more
current at LPF which means the conductor size has to
be large
 4. Large current at LPF, makes PR osses to increase
which results in poor efficiency
 5. The lagging PF reduces the handling capacity of a
elements of the system due to the reactive component
of the current
 6. Large current at LPF causes greater voltage drops in
alternators. transformers, transmission lines and
distributors poor voltage regulation

9.  Low power factor results in
 Poor electrical efficiency
 Higher utility bills
 Lower system capacity
 On the Supply Side. Generation Capacity & Line Losses

10.  Reduction in Electricity Bill due to reduced maximum
demand
 No low power factor penalty charges
 Improved Voltage Level in system due to elimination of
inductive current
 KW capacities of prime movers, alternators
transformers and transmission lines is increased
 Reduction in System losses; Efficiency of every plant
increases; Overall cost per unit decreases
 Voltage regulation of transmission lines increases i e,
voltage drop in the system improves
 Distribution capacity is augmented

11.  The stator current is l1 &
motor operating PF is
Cos(@1).
 .When Capacitor are
connected across stator
terminals, The current lc
through the capacitors lead
the voltage V1 by 90 degree.
 -The Phasor sum of & Ic is 11'
drawn by supply.
 The PF of the combination is
improved from Cos 1) to Cos
(@1') and stator current
decreases from 11 to 11'.

12.  Environmental benefit. Reduction of power
consumption due to improved energy efficiency.
Reduced power consumption means less greenhouse
gas emissions and fossil fuel depletion by power
stations.
 Reduction of electricity bills.
 Reduction of 12R losses in transformers and
distribution equipment
 Reduction of voltage drop in cables.
 Extended equipment life Reduced electrical burden
on cables and electrical components.
Power Factor Correction Capacitors (PFCC) provide an
economical means for improving Energy utilization

16. Thank You