This document discusses a study on using red mud as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Red mud is a byproduct from aluminum production that contains oxides of iron, titanium, aluminum and silica. The study involves casting concrete cubes with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% replacement of cement with red mud to evaluate the compressive strength. Preliminary tests were conducted on the cement, aggregates, and red mud used. A mix design was developed for M20 grade concrete. The cubes were tested after 7 and 28 days to determine compressive strength, which decreased as the replacement of cement with red mud increased. The results will help assess the suitability of red mud for use in construction.

1. PERFORMANCE OF RED MUD AS PARTIAL
REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT IN CONCRETE
A PROJECT ON
BY
G.MURALI
MOHAN

2. INTRODUCTION
During present era use of cement became very
high because of urbanization. So the natural
resources are decreasing rapidly.
As part of development, use of cement in
buildings, many other civil engineering
structures is taking place.
But the sources are getting reduced very fastly
because of heavy usage.
In order to reduce the usage of conventional
materials like cement, some experiments are
done for finding out compressive strength of
Cement By replacing Cement with Red mud

3. Red mud comprises of oxides of iron, titanium,
aluminum and silica along with some other minor
constituents. Presence of Alumina and Iron oxide in
red mud compensates the deficiency of the same
components in limestone which is the primary raw
material for cement production. Experiments have
been conducted under laboratory condition to
assess the strength characteristics of the aluminum
red mud. our project work focuses on the suitability
of red mud obtained for construction. Five test
groups of cubes were casted by replacing the
cement with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15, & 20% of red mud.
The strength of these cubes will be compared with
the conventional cubes .

4. MATERIALS USED AND THEIR AVAILABILITY
 Cement ( OPC 53 grade Cement)
Ordinary Portland Cement (53 Grade) is being used throughout the
project. Different tests were performed on the cement to ensure
that it confirms to the requirements of Indian standards.
 Fine aggregate (Locally available)
Locally available sand is used as fine aggregate. The sand here
used is that which is passed through 4.75mm sieve and
retained on 75microns sieve

5. Coarse aggregate
Locally available coarse aggregate is used throughout
the project. Coarse aggregate of size 20mm is used
throughout the project.
Red mud(locally available)
The red mud is collected from the near by fields. The red
mud here used is that which is passed through 90
microns.

6. S.NO. PROPERTY TEST RESULTS
1 Consistency 30%
2 Specific gravity 3.13
3
Initial setting time 53 minutes
Final setting time 530 minutes
4
Soundness (Expansion)
Lechatlier method
1 mm
5 Fineness of cement 6%
PRELIMINARY TESTS
A. CEMENT

7. B.FINE AGGREGATE
• Fine aggregate is locally available.
S.NO. PROPERTY TEST
RESULTS
1 Zone of sand Zone II
2 Specific gravity 2.6

8. S.NO. PROPERTY TEST RESULTS
1 Specific gravity 2.8
D.RED MUD
C.COARSE AGGREGATE
S.NO. PROPERTY TEST RESULTS
1 Specific gravity 2.64

9. MIX DESIGN OF CONCRETE
STIPULATION FOR PROPORTION
Grade designation M20
Type of cement OPC53 grade
Maximum size of aggregate 20mm
Workability 75mm slump
Exposure condition mild
Type of aggregate crushed angular aggregate
TEST DATA FOR MATERIALS
Specific gravity of
1)cement =3.13
2)coarse aggregate =2.8
3)fine aggregate =2.6
Fine aggregate conforming to grading zone of II of table 4 of
IS 383

10. STEP :1 TARGET MEAN STRENGTH
Target mean strength fck = fck+ks
=20 +1.65x4=26.6 N/mm2
From table 1 of IS 10262 - 2009 the standard deviation for M20
grade of concrete is 4N/mm2
STEP:2 SELECTION OF W/C RATIO
From table 5 of IS 456-2000 maximum water cement ratio =0.55
……(1)
From the graph between w/c ratio and compressive strength,
The water cement ratio is =0.50 ……..(2)
The minimum of above (1)&(2) is (2)
The w/c ratio is 0.50

11. STEP:3 SELECTION OF WATER CONTENT
From table2 of IS 10262-2009,Maximum water content for 20mm
aggregate
=186 lit (For slump of 25 to 50mm)
Then for slump of 75mm,water content =
= 191.58lit
100
186*3
186
Cement content= =383.16 kg/m3
5.0
58.191

12. STEP :4 PROPORTION OF VOLUME OF C.A & F.A
From table -3 of IS 10262-2009,volume of C.A corresponding
to 20mm size of coarse aggregate & F.A belonging to zone -II
and for w/c ratio of 0.5 is 0.62 ( as our w/c ratio is 0.5,hence
there is no need increase or decrease volume of C.A).
STEP:5 MIX CALCULATION
a) Volume of concrete =1 m3
b) Volume of cement =
= =0.1224 m3
c) Volume of water = =0.1915m3
d) Volume of aggregates = a-(b+c)
= 1-(0.1224+0.1915) =0.6861m3
1000
1
*
13.3
16.383
1000
1
*
1
58.191
1000
1
*
cementofgravityspecific
cementofmass

13. e) Volume & weight of C.A
Volume of C.A = 0.6861x0.62
=0.42538m3
Weight of C.A = volume of C.A x specific gravity of C.A x mass
density of water
= 0.42538x2.8x1000
=1191.064kg
f) Volume & weight of F.A
Volume of F.A = 0.6861*0.38
= 0.2607m3
Weight of F.A =volume of F.A x specific gravity of F.A. x mass
density of water
= 0.2607x2.6x1000
= 677.82kg

14. CEMENT FINE
AGGREGATE
COARSE
AGGREGATE
WATER
383.16(kg) 677.82(kg) 1191.064(kg) 191.58(lit)
1 1.77 3.11 0.5
CONCRETE PROPORTIONS:

15. PROPORTIONS OF CONTENTS FOR DIFFERENT PROPORTIONS OF
RED MUD
The proportions of contents in preparation of concrete cubes for different
percentages of red mud for 6 cubes is as follows:
% of red
mud
Cement
(kg)
Red mud
(kg)
Fine
aggregate
(kg)
Coarse
aggregate
(kg)
Water
(litres)
0 7.76 0 13.74 24.13 3.88
5 7.372 0.388 13.74 24.13 3.88
10 6.984 0.776 13.74 24.13 3.88
15 6.596 1.164 13.74 24.13 3.88
20 6.208 1.552 13.74 24.13 3.88

16. Red mud proportion
(%)
Compressive
strength(7 days)
(Mpa)
Compressive
strength(28 days)
(Mpa)
0 13.5 19.3
5 13.3 19.1
10 13.0 18.7
15 12.5 18.2
20 11.9 17.6
RESULTS

17. 11
11.5
12
12.5
13
13.5
14
0% 5% 10% 15% 20%
Compressivestrength
(n/mm
% of red mud
7 days compressive strength
7 days
compressive
strength

18. Progress of our project:
Upto now we casted the concrete cubes with
0%,5%,10%&15% of red mud and tested the conventional
cubes for their compressive strength.
We will cast the cubes with other proportions(20%) and test
the cubes with other proportions and compare their
compressive strength with conventional cubes.

19. THANK YOU