Uploaded byMohit Rajput
Posters for Exhibition on Materials
The document discusses various types of smart materials and composites. It describes piezoelectric, electrostrictive, and magnetostrictive materials that change their properties in response to stimuli like deformation, electric fields, and magnetic fields. It also discusses shape memory alloys, chromic materials, and liquid crystals that change properties based on temperature, light, or electric charge. Advanced composites like polymer matrix composites, metal matrix composites, and ceramic matrix composites are described as having a matrix reinforced with fibers, particles, or another phase to improve properties.
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Posters for Exhibition on Materials
- 1. DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICALAND MATERIALS ENGINEERING INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ROORKEE Smart materials Type of Smart Material Input Output Piezoelectric Deformation Potential difference Electrostrictive Potential Difference Deformation Magnetostrictive Magnetic Field Deformation Thermoelectric Temperature Potential Difference Shape Memory Alloys Temperature Deformation Chromic Materials Light/Heat/Electricity Colour change Photochromic Radiation Colour Change Thermochromics Temperature Colour Change Non-Newtonian Fluids Shear Viscosity Photomechanical Radiation Deformation Dielectric Elastomers Electric Field Large strains Material that changes one or more of its properties in response to a stimulus. Advance Composite Materials Two distinct phases/interfaces separation Reinforcement + Matrix Polymer Matrix Composite (PMC) Typical reinforcements: glass, boron, carbon, aramids Properties: high specific strength, specific stiffness Applications: aerospace, sporting goods Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) Typical reinforcements: ceramic, metal, carbon Properties: high operating T, abrasion resistant Applications: aerospace, Sports equipment Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) Typical reinforcements: Ceramic Properties: toughness, high T operation Applications: aerospace, cutting tools
- 2. DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICALAND MATERIALS ENGINEERING INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ROORKEE Liquid Crystals Definition: Fluids like liquids, anisotropic like solids Semiconductors A class of solids demonstrating electrical conductivities between conductors and insulators • Small bandgap gives conductivity at higher T • Doping with impurities increases conductivity Diode – A p-n junction allows current flow in only one direction Transistor- Consists of three layers of doped material (npn or pnp) LED - Diodes which are capable of photoemission; radiated colour is dependent on material Applications: Consumer electronics, Laser Diodes, Integrated Circuits Applications • Liquid Absorbance control: Smart windows • Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) • Liquid Crystal Thermometers • Optical Imaging Liquid Crystal Phases Liquid Crystal Polymers • Highly Crystalline Polymers • Temperature and Chemical Resistance • Nomex • Kevlar
- 3. DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICALAND MATERIALS ENGINEERING INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ROORKEE Polymer Nanocomposites Nano-scale Filler particles in a polymer matrix Filler properties without losing bulk properties What are they? • Viscosity increases with rate of shear • Hand particles (colloids) suspended in liquids • Non-Newtonian fluids How do they work? • With energy of sudden impact hydrodynamics forces to overcome repulsive forces between particles • Particles stick together (hydrocluters) • Fluid becomes rigid Common Examples • Corn starch and water • Sand and water Property Enhancement: • Hardness • Young’s modulus • Durability • Gas permeability Applications: • Timing belts • Step assist • Dual core tennis balls • Car bumpers Common Additives: • Nanotubes • Graphite • Pristine clay Dilatant Fluids Applications: • Body armour • Traction control
- 4. DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICALAND MATERIALS ENGINEERING INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ROORKEE Stealth Materials Biomimetic Materials Infrared: Embedding Engines, Baffles Visual: “Air superiority blue-grey” paint Acoustic: Mufflers Radar: Deflect, Cancel or Absorb Types of RADAR Absorbent Materials (RAM): Iron Ball Paint Transforms waves into heat, absorbs Salisbury screen Reflects waves out of phase , cancel Material choice for Airframe Aluminium: Strong, Light, Reflective, Conventional Carbon Fiber Comp.: Stronger, Lighter(sonic), Reflective, Lower CTE (Molding) • Application of biological methods and systems in nature to the study and design of engineering system • Enhance today’s materials with technology inspired by biology • Synthetic super hydrophobic surfaces inspired by lotus leaf • Self cleaning and water repelling properties accomplished by silica nanospheres instead of waxy • Stimuli responsive polymer nanocomposites inspires by sea cucumbers • Modulus reversibly increased or decreased in response to chemical regulators • Synthetic Water proof adhesive bandage inspired by Gecko’s foot • Intermolecular vanderwaals forces allow adhesion of biocompable, biodegradable, elastic material that leaves no residue • Adhesion directional and repeatable
- 5. DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICALAND MATERIALS ENGINEERING INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ROORKEE Metal Foams Thermoplastic Elastomers • These are cellular structure made up of a solid metal containing a large volume fraction of gas-filled pores. • Closed-cell foam/sealed pores are referred to as metal forms • Open-cell foam/interconnected network are referred as porous metal Thermoplastics can be melted and reshaped • Not elastomeric • Recyclable Metals that can be used : Al, Ti, Ta Properties • Ultralight material (75-95% of the volume consists of void space) • High compression strengths combined with good energy absorption characteristics • Very high porosity • Thermal conductivity is low • High strength Applications of Closed-cell foam • Structural application • Impact absorbing in vehicles • Load bearing structure with low weight Applications of open-cell foam • Vibration and sound absorption • Filtration and catalysis at high temperatures • Heat exchanger • Medical devices Elastomers are not thermoplastics (cannot be melted and reshaped) • Elastomeric Matrix is held together by chemical bonds (vulcanization), which cannot be broken under high T • Not recyclable Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPE) • Thermoplastic/elastomer hybrid • Can be melted and reshaped • Tough, formable, and chemically resistant • Two main classification • ionomers • block copolymers Applications • High toughness athletic equipment's • Cable jacketing • Seal/ gaskets • Tail light housing E.g.: styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer TPEs are cross-linked with physical bonds • Can be broken under high T • Therefore TPEs can be melted and reshaped