Cardio and muscle endurance
Aerobic exercise (also known as cardio) is physical exercise of low to high intensity that depends primarily on the aerobic energy-generating process. Aerobic literally means "relating to, involving, or requiring free oxygen", and refers to the use of oxygen to adequately meet energy demands during exercise via aerobic metabolism. Generally, light-to-moderate intensity activities that are sufficiently supported by aerobic metabolism can be performed for extended periods of time
Aerobic means "with oxygen," and anaerobic means "without oxygen." Anaerobic exercise is the type where you get out of breath in just a few moments, like when you lift weights for improving strength, when you sprint, or when you climb a long flight of stairs.
Cardio and muscle endurance
Aerobic exercise (also known as cardio) is physical exercise of low to high intensity that depends primarily on the aerobic energy-generating process. Aerobic literally means "relating to, involving, or requiring free oxygen", and refers to the use of oxygen to adequately meet energy demands during exercise via aerobic metabolism. Generally, light-to-moderate intensity activities that are sufficiently supported by aerobic metabolism can be performed for extended periods of time
Aerobic means "with oxygen," and anaerobic means "without oxygen." Anaerobic exercise is the type where you get out of breath in just a few moments, like when you lift weights for improving strength, when you sprint, or when you climb a long flight of stairs.
Effect of exercise on Cardiovascular system.
introduction.
type of exercise.
a) based on contraction of muscle.
b) based on the type of metabolism.
c) based on the severity of exercise.
effect of exercise on cardio vascular system:-
a) on blood.
b) on blood volume.
c) on heart rate.
d) on cardiac output.
e) on venous return.
f) on blood flow to skeletal muscles.
g) on blood pressure.
Blood pressure after exercise.
vivekanand quotes.
thank you.
Physiological changes During Aerobic ExerciseAnand Vaghasiya
Exercise induces more activity in the whole body almost every system of the body affected by exercise.
Increasing muscular activity demands the more Oxygen and red blood cell supply to the muscular tissue.
So what is Physiological changes During Aerobic Exercise? explained in detail.
Changes in Cardio-Vascular System
Changes in Respiration
Changes in Blood System
Endocrine functions
The Fick principle
Oxygen delivery or oxygen consumption ( VO2 )
Arterial venous oxygen difference (a-v O2 difference )
This Presentation is about Mitchell relaxation technique also known a physiological relaxation technique Mitchell’s physiological relaxation technique is based on reciprocal inhibition and involves diaphragmatic breathing and a series of ordered isotonic contractions.
Effect of exercise on Cardiovascular system.
introduction.
type of exercise.
a) based on contraction of muscle.
b) based on the type of metabolism.
c) based on the severity of exercise.
effect of exercise on cardio vascular system:-
a) on blood.
b) on blood volume.
c) on heart rate.
d) on cardiac output.
e) on venous return.
f) on blood flow to skeletal muscles.
g) on blood pressure.
Blood pressure after exercise.
vivekanand quotes.
thank you.
Physiological changes During Aerobic ExerciseAnand Vaghasiya
Exercise induces more activity in the whole body almost every system of the body affected by exercise.
Increasing muscular activity demands the more Oxygen and red blood cell supply to the muscular tissue.
So what is Physiological changes During Aerobic Exercise? explained in detail.
Changes in Cardio-Vascular System
Changes in Respiration
Changes in Blood System
Endocrine functions
The Fick principle
Oxygen delivery or oxygen consumption ( VO2 )
Arterial venous oxygen difference (a-v O2 difference )
This Presentation is about Mitchell relaxation technique also known a physiological relaxation technique Mitchell’s physiological relaxation technique is based on reciprocal inhibition and involves diaphragmatic breathing and a series of ordered isotonic contractions.
Peak Performance Of A Marathon Runner With A Sub 2 Hr 40 Race TimeCarl Page
In this physiology assignment discusses how the cardio-respiratory systems facilitate the energy systems that are used during a peak performance of a marathon runner with a sub 2 hr 40 race time. Also suggests and justifies a physiological assessment which could be used to help understand the person’s fitness and specific physiological responses to exercise.
Aerobic training and aerobic energy sourceRatnodip Saha
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Here, we will focus on the following topics:
Sources of aerobic energy in our body, Aerobic training methods, Different aerobic exercises, Benefits of aerobic training and
its drawbacks.
An archaeic presentation I gave to Athletic Trainers. 12 years later, I think this topic deserves to be re-visited. Much of the information provides a helpful summary of the effects of hypoxia, but the conclusion that altitude training does not affect sea-level performance should be re-assessed taking into consideration more current research.
Hip and Thigh injuries in sports such as- Perthes Disease, Osteitis Pubis, Avascular Necrosis of The Femoral Head, Hip Pointer, Classic Groin Strain, ‘Pull’ Or Adductor Tendinopathy, Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis, Trochanteric Bursitis/Gluteus Medius Tendinopathy, Iliopsoas strain, Quadriceps strain, Irritable Hip etc.
Wrist and hand injuries inclusing De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Ulnar Nerve Compression, Sprain of The Ulnar Collateral Ligament of The First MCP Joint,
Mallet Finger (Baseball Finger), Jersey Finger, Trigger Finger.
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2. Bodily processes do not immediately return to resting levels after
exercise.
In light exercise (e.g., golf, archery, bowling), recovery to a resting
condition takes place rapidly and often progresses unnoticed.
Intense physical activity (e.g., running full speed for 800 m or trying to
swim 200 m as fast as possible) requires considerable time for the body
to return to resting levels.
The difference in recovery from light and strenuous exercise relates
largely to the specific metabolic and physiologic processes in each
exercise mode.
3. British Nobel physiologist A.V. Hill (1886–1977), referred to
oxygen uptake during recovery as the oxygen debt.
Contemporary researchers no longer use this term.
Instead, recovery oxygen uptake or excess post-exercise
oxygen consumption (EPOC) now defines the excess oxygen
uptake above the resting level in recovery.
This specifically refers to the total oxygen consumed after
exercise in excess of a pre-exercise baseline level.
4.
5. In Light Steady Rate Exercise
Light exercise rapidly attains
steady-rate with a small oxygen
deficit. Rapid recovery ensures
from such exercise with an
accompanying small EPOC.
6. In Moderate to Intense Steady Rate
Exercise
In moderate to intense aerobic exercise, it takes
longer to achieve steady rate, so the oxygen deficit
increases compare with light exercise.
Oxygen uptake in recovery from relatively
strenuous aerobic exercise returns more slowly to
pre-exercise resting levels.
Recovery oxygen uptake initially declines rapidly
(similar to recovery from light exercise) followed
by a gradual decline to baseline.
In both Panels A and B, computation of the oxygen
deficit and EPOC uses the steady-rate oxygen
uptake to represent the exercise oxygen (energy)
requirement.
7. In Exhausting Exercise (Non
Steady Rate)
During exhausting exercise, a steady rate of
aerobic metabolism cannot be attained.
This produces a large accumulation of
blood lactate; it takes oxygen uptake
considerable time to return to the pre-
exercise level.
It is nearly impossible to determine the true
oxygen deficit in such exercise without
establishing a steady rate; in this instance
the energy requirement exceeds the
individual’s maximal oxygen uptake.
8.
9. No matter how intense the exercise (walking, bowling, golf,
snowboarding, wrestling, cross-country skiing, or sprint
running), an oxygen uptake in excess of the resting value
always exists when exercise stops.
The shaded area under the recovery curves indicates this
quantity of oxygen; it equals the total oxygen consumed in
recovery until attaining the baseline level minus the total
oxygen normally consumed at rest for an equivalent duration.
10. The recovery curves illustrate two fundamentals of EPOC:
1. Fast component: In low-intensity, primarily aerobic
exercise with little increase in body temperature, about half of
the total EPOC occurs within 30 seconds; complete recovery
requires several minutes.
2. Slow component: A second slower phase occurs in recovery
from more strenuous exercise (often accompanied by
considerable increases in blood lactate and body temperature).
The slower phase of recovery, depending on exercise intensity
and duration, may require 24 hours or more before re-
establishing the pre-exercise oxygen uptake.
11. Metabolic Dynamics Of
Recovery Oxygen Uptake
Hill and others discussed the dynamics of metabolism in
exercise and recovery as the body’s carbohydrate stores to
energy “credits,” and thus, expending stored credits during
exercise would incur a “debt.”
The larger the energy “deficit” (use of available store energy
credits) meant the larger the energy debt. The recovery oxygen
uptake thus represented the added metabolic cost of repaying
this debt, establishing the term “oxygen debt.”
12. Hill hypothesized that lactate accumulation during the anaerobic
component of exercise represented the use of stored glycogen
energy credits. Therefore, the subsequent oxygen debt served
two purposes:
(1) Re-establish the original carbohydrate stores (credits) by
resynthesizing approximately 80% of the lactate back to glycogen
in the liver (gluconeogenesis via the Cori cycle) and
(2) Catabolize the remaining lactate for energy through
pyruvate– citric acid cycle pathways. ATP generated by this latter
pathway presumably powered glycogen resynthesise from the
accumulated lactate.
13. Updated Explanation For EPOC
The elevated aerobic metabolism in recovery helps restore the
body’s processes to pre-exercise conditions.
Oxygen uptake after light and moderate exercise replenishes
high-energy phosphates depleted in the preceding exercise,
sustaining the cost of a somewhat elevated overall level of
physiologic function.
In recovery from strenuous exercise, some oxygen
resynthesizes a portion of lactate to glycogen. A considerable
portion of recovery oxygen uptake supports physiologic
functions that occur in recovery.
14. The considerably larger recovery oxygen uptake compared
with oxygen deficit in exhaustive exercise results partly from
an elevated body temperature.
Core temperature frequently increases by about 3 degree C
(5.4 degree F) during vigorous exercise and can remain
elevated for several hours into recovery. This thermogenic
“boost” directly stimulates metabolism and increases oxygen
uptake during recovery.
15. In essence, all of the physiologic systems activated to meet
the demands of muscular activity increase their need for
oxygen during recovery.
Two important factors characterize the recovery oxygen
uptake:
1. Anaerobic metabolism of prior exercise.
2. Respiratory, circulatory, hormonal, ionic, and thermal
disequilibrium caused by prior exercise.
16. Implications of EPOC For
Exercise and Recovery
Understanding the dynamics of recovery oxygen uptake provides a basis
for optimizing recovery from strenuous activity.
Blood lactate does not accumulate considerably with either steady-rate
aerobic exercise or brief 5- to 10-second bouts of all-out effort powered
by the intramuscular high-energy phosphates.
Recovery, reflecting the fast component proceeds rapidly, enabling
exercise to begin again with only a brief pause.
In contrast, anaerobic exercise powered mainly by rapid glycolysis causes
lactate build up and significant disruption in physiologic processes and
the internal environment.
17. This requires considerably more time for complete recovery
(slow component). Incomplete recovery in basketball, hockey,
soccer, tennis, and badminton hinders a performer when
pushed to a high level of anaerobic metabolism.
This may prevent full recovery even during brief rest periods
and time-outs, between points, or even during half-time
breaks.
18. Procedures for speeding recovery from exercise
can classify as:
Active recovery (“cooling down” or “tapering off”) involves sub
maximum aerobic exercise performed immediately after exercise.
The continued movement prevents muscle cramps and stiffness and
facilitates the recovery process.
In passive recovery, in contrast, a person usually lies down,
assuming that inactivity during this time reduces the resting energy
requirements and “frees” oxygen for metabolic recovery.
Modification of active and passive recovery have included cold
showers, massages, specific body positions, ice application, and
ingesting cold fluids.
19. Factors Affecting Recovery
Process
ATP and PCr - Resynthesis of ATP and PCr
Lactate produced by anaerobic metabolism- removal of
lactate (Resynthesis of blood lactate to glycogen (Cori
cycle) and Oxidation of blood lactate in energy
metabolism)
Oxygen stores (haemoglobin and myoglobin)- During
the initial phase of exercise, some oxygen is borrowed
from the oxygen stores, and that oxygen must be
replenished during early recovery as well. So, Restoration
of oxygen to blood, tissue fluids, and myoglobin.
20. Increased Pulmonary and circulatory dynamics - respiration
remains temporarily elevated following exercise partly in an effort
to clear CO2 that has accumulated in the tissues as a by-product of
metabolism.
Body temperature- also is elevated (Thermogenic effects of
elevated core temperature), which keeps the metabolic and
respiratory rates high, thus requiring more oxygen; and
Elevated concentrations of catecholamines, norepinephrine and
epinephrine during exercise have similar effects (Thermogenic
effects of hormones).