This document contains questions about analyzing population pyramids and discussing gender imbalances, anomalies, and projections for countries' age structures between 2011 and 2050. It prompts the reader to describe features of different pyramids, suggest reasons for imbalances or anomalies, and discuss challenges and opportunities countries may face given changes in median age, dependency ratio, fertility rates, and life expectancy.

1. Population Pyramids: Anomalies & Imbalances

2. Describe the gender imbalance that affect babies in this pyramid Suggest TWO reasons that might explain this imbalance

3. Describe the gender imbalance at the center of the pyramid Suggest one reason that might explain this imbalance

4. Describe the gender imbalance at the center of the pyramid Suggest one reason that might explain this imbalance

5. Describe the gender imbalance at the center of the pyramid Suggest TWO reasons that might explain this imbalance

6. Describe the anomaly for people aged 15-19 Suggest one reason that might have caused this anomaly Suggest challenges and opportunities resulting from the fact that Rwanda’s median age is 18.6

7. Describe the gender imbalance for people who are over 80 Suggest one reason that might explain this imbalance

8. Describe the anomaly for people aged 45-59 Suggest one reason that might have caused this anomaly Explain how this anomaly create a “ripple effect” for people aged 20-29, and for babies born now

9. Suggest challenges and opportunities resulting from the fact that France’s median age is 39.7

10. Compare the age structures and dependency ratio Niger in 2011 and 2050 (projection) Suggest one social challenge to which Niger is confronted to today Referring to both pyramids, evaluate how Niger’s fertility and life expectancy might change between now and 2050 Suggest two reasons which might explain this projected trend What kinds of challenges to the economy, public services and infrastructures might Niger be confronted in 2050 according to this projection?

11. Compare the age structures and dependency ratio Japan in 2011 and 2050 (projection) Referring to both pyramids, evaluate how Japan’s fertility and life expectancy might change between now and 2050 Suggest two reasons which might explain this projected trend Explain how this trend may snowball in the future if nothing changes What kind of social and financial challenges might Japan face in 2050 according to this projection?