Polydipsia and polyuria
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Excessive thirst (polydipsia) and excessive urination (polyuria) are symptoms of underlying diseases rather than diseases themselves. Polydipsia can be caused by conditions like diabetes, hypokalemia, or mental illnesses that result in a change in the body's fluid balance or osmolality. Polyuria is usually accompanied by polydipsia and occurs when an adult urinates over 2.5-3 liters in a 24 hour period, though it can sometimes be normal due to high fluid intake; it is also commonly linked to diabetes. Both polydipsia and polyuria can have simple causes such as consuming too much caffeine, alcohol, or fluids during pregnancy.
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Chapter 11 Presentation
Polyuria is excessive urine production that causes frequent urination. It is commonly caused by diuretic drugs, caffeine, diabetes, or excessive water intake. Polydipsia is excessive thirst and often occurs with poorly managed diabetes or a dry mouth sensation. Glycosuria is glucose in the urine and can be caused by too many carbohydrates, endocrine issues, kidney problems, or uncontrolled diabetes.
Polyuria
Polyuria is defined as excessive urine production of more than 3 liters per day in adults. It can be caused by either water diuresis or solute diuresis. Water diuresis is characterized by dilute urine of less than 250 mosmol/L and is caused by problems with antidiuretic hormone production or kidney response. Solute diuresis produces urine of more than 300 mosmol/L and is caused by increased glucose, urea, or other solutes. Polyuria can be pathological due to diseases like diabetes, pharmacological due to medications or fluids, or physiological for compensatory reasons.
Polydipsia and polyuria
Polydipsia is defined as excessive thirst and is often a symptom of diabetes, though it can also be caused by zinc deficiency or mental health issues like schizophrenia. Polyuria means excessive urine and frequently occurs alongside polydipsia, though one symptom can present without the other. Both polydipsia and polyuria are common initial symptoms of diabetes, but polyuria can also be caused by hyperthyroidism, hypokalemia, corticosteroid use, acromegaly, migraines, or UTIs.
Polyuria
The document discusses conditions related to urine and thirst known as polyuria and polydipsia. Polyuria is excessive urine production and passage, which can be caused by diabetes mellitus, caffeine, alcohol, or other medical issues. Polydipsia is excessive thirst and fluid intake, which has potential causes like diabetes insipidus, anxiety, fever, or dehydration. Diagnostic tests include physical exams, blood and urine tests. Treatments depend on the underlying cause but may include medications, antibiotics, or corticosteroids. Consultation with a doctor is needed to determine the best treatment approach.
Ch. 11 polydipsia
Polydipsia, or excessive thirst, can be caused by conditions like diabetes and dehydration. Treatments depend on the underlying cause but may include insulin, antibiotics, and medications to control thirst. Growth hormone (GH), also called somatropin, is secreted by the pituitary gland and stimulates growth and cell reproduction. Too much GH can cause benign pituitary tumors, while too little GH in children causes short stature and in adults leads to obesity and loss of muscle mass.
Chapter 11 presentation
This document discusses medical conditions related to urine and thirst. It begins by defining polyuria as excessive urination, often caused by diabetes which results in high blood glucose. Diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin (Type 1) or cells do not respond to insulin (Type 2), leading to hyperglycemia. Excessive thirst (polydipsia) is also common in diabetes due to dehydration from polyuria. Other conditions like infections, bladder issues, or an enlarged prostate can also cause polyuria. The document also discusses other medical terms involving urine or thirst conditions.
Dipsia & uria
Polydipsia is a symptom of excessive thirst that can be caused by conditions that create a water deficit in the body like diabetes insipidus. If too much water is consumed and the kidneys cannot excrete it, it can dilute sodium levels dangerously and potentially cause seizures or cardiac arrest.
Polyuria is excessive urination of over 2.5 liters per day and can be caused by medications like diuretics, conditions like diabetes, or psychogenic polydipsia. Patients experiencing polyuria should track fluid intake, urination frequency and volume, and urine color to monitor their symptoms. Simple dietary changes may help but worsening symptoms require seeing a doctor.
Project 11
The document discusses various endocrine system terms and conditions, including glycosuria, polydipsia, and their causes and symptoms. Glycosuria refers to the presence of glucose in the urine, often due to diabetes or high blood sugar levels. Polydipsia is excessive fluid intake associated with dehydration from increased urine production. Both can be symptoms of underlying endocrine disorders and determining the underlying cause requires further tests.
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Chapter 11 Presentation
Polyuria is excessive urine production that causes frequent urination. It is commonly caused by diuretic drugs, caffeine, diabetes, or excessive water intake. Polydipsia is excessive thirst and often occurs with poorly managed diabetes or a dry mouth sensation. Glycosuria is glucose in the urine and can be caused by too many carbohydrates, endocrine issues, kidney problems, or uncontrolled diabetes.
Polyuria
Polyuria is defined as excessive urine production of more than 3 liters per day in adults. It can be caused by either water diuresis or solute diuresis. Water diuresis is characterized by dilute urine of less than 250 mosmol/L and is caused by problems with antidiuretic hormone production or kidney response. Solute diuresis produces urine of more than 300 mosmol/L and is caused by increased glucose, urea, or other solutes. Polyuria can be pathological due to diseases like diabetes, pharmacological due to medications or fluids, or physiological for compensatory reasons.
Polydipsia and polyuria
Polydipsia is defined as excessive thirst and is often a symptom of diabetes, though it can also be caused by zinc deficiency or mental health issues like schizophrenia. Polyuria means excessive urine and frequently occurs alongside polydipsia, though one symptom can present without the other. Both polydipsia and polyuria are common initial symptoms of diabetes, but polyuria can also be caused by hyperthyroidism, hypokalemia, corticosteroid use, acromegaly, migraines, or UTIs.
Polyuria
The document discusses conditions related to urine and thirst known as polyuria and polydipsia. Polyuria is excessive urine production and passage, which can be caused by diabetes mellitus, caffeine, alcohol, or other medical issues. Polydipsia is excessive thirst and fluid intake, which has potential causes like diabetes insipidus, anxiety, fever, or dehydration. Diagnostic tests include physical exams, blood and urine tests. Treatments depend on the underlying cause but may include medications, antibiotics, or corticosteroids. Consultation with a doctor is needed to determine the best treatment approach.
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Polydipsia, or excessive thirst, can be caused by conditions like diabetes and dehydration. Treatments depend on the underlying cause but may include insulin, antibiotics, and medications to control thirst. Growth hormone (GH), also called somatropin, is secreted by the pituitary gland and stimulates growth and cell reproduction. Too much GH can cause benign pituitary tumors, while too little GH in children causes short stature and in adults leads to obesity and loss of muscle mass.
Chapter 11 presentation
This document discusses medical conditions related to urine and thirst. It begins by defining polyuria as excessive urination, often caused by diabetes which results in high blood glucose. Diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin (Type 1) or cells do not respond to insulin (Type 2), leading to hyperglycemia. Excessive thirst (polydipsia) is also common in diabetes due to dehydration from polyuria. Other conditions like infections, bladder issues, or an enlarged prostate can also cause polyuria. The document also discusses other medical terms involving urine or thirst conditions.
Dipsia & uria
Polydipsia is a symptom of excessive thirst that can be caused by conditions that create a water deficit in the body like diabetes insipidus. If too much water is consumed and the kidneys cannot excrete it, it can dilute sodium levels dangerously and potentially cause seizures or cardiac arrest.
Polyuria is excessive urination of over 2.5 liters per day and can be caused by medications like diuretics, conditions like diabetes, or psychogenic polydipsia. Patients experiencing polyuria should track fluid intake, urination frequency and volume, and urine color to monitor their symptoms. Simple dietary changes may help but worsening symptoms require seeing a doctor.
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The document discusses various endocrine system terms and conditions, including glycosuria, polydipsia, and their causes and symptoms. Glycosuria refers to the presence of glucose in the urine, often due to diabetes or high blood sugar levels. Polydipsia is excessive fluid intake associated with dehydration from increased urine production. Both can be symptoms of underlying endocrine disorders and determining the underlying cause requires further tests.
Chapter 11 bio120 By: Tanzyanika Hampton
Polydipsia, or excessive thirst, is a symptom of conditions like diabetes that cause an imbalance of fluids in the body. It is characterized by a persistent dry feeling in the mouth and a need to drink large amounts of water. Polydipsia can be caused by diabetes, where high blood sugar levels lead to excessive urination and dehydration, or by medications, stress, or certain medical conditions. Left untreated, polydipsia due to diabetes or other underlying issues can produce additional symptoms like blurred vision, weight loss, and fatigue. Hypercalcemia is a related condition marked by abnormally high calcium levels in the blood, which can damage organs and bones. It is usually due to overactive parathyroid
On the go and driven to drink
Polyuria is a condition where urine output exceeds 2,500 cc's in a 24-hour period, meaning excessive urination. Polydipsia means excessive thirst and is a symptom where a person drinks abnormally large amounts of fluid, typically seen in diabetes. Polyuria and polydipsia can be symptoms of diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, hyperthyroidism, hypercalcemia, hypokalemia, or hypopituitarism.
Endocrine system chapter 11
The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Two suffixes related to the endocrine system are dipsia and uria. Dipsia refers to thirst, and common causes of excessive thirst or polydipsia include diabetes, diabetes mellitus, and diarrhea. Uria refers to urine, and common conditions are polyuria which is excessive urine production, and glycosuria which is sugar in the urine, both of which can be caused by uncontrolled diabetes.
Medical terms chapter 11
Polyuria is the excessive production of urine, defined as more than 10 liters per day, and can be caused by conditions like diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, use of diuretics, or hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia refers to elevated levels of calcium in the bloodstream, most commonly caused by overproduction of parathyroid hormone, and symptoms include gastrointestinal issues, kidney problems, and bone pain. Both polyuria and hypercalcemia are diagnosed through blood tests measuring calcium and urine output levels.
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This document provides an overview of polyuria, including its definition, pathophysiology, causes, and clinical approach. Key points include:
- Polyuria is defined as urine output greater than 3ml/kg/h. It can be caused by acquired disorders of salt and water reabsorption, obstructive uropathy, osmotic diuresis, tubulointerstitial damage, drugs, infections, and hereditary tubulopathies.
- The clinical approach involves confirming polyuria, reviewing the history and exam, performing initial investigations including urine analysis and electrolytes, and classifying based on acid-base status to help determine the underlying cause and guide further testing.
- Causes of
diabetic-insipidus-OM.pdf
TOPIC- diabetic-insipidus-
OM VERMA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
GRACIOUS COLLEGE OF NURSING ABHANPUR RAIPUR ( C.G. )
Chapter 11 – The Endocrine system
Glycosuria is the presence of sugar or glucose in the urine in amounts greater than 25mg/dl, which can be a sign of untreated diabetes mellitus. It leads to dehydration due to frequent urination causing osmotic diuresis, and in severe cases intravenous fluids may be needed to replace fluid loss. Early testing methods included evaporation to detect sugar crystals or yeast fermentation, while current home testing uses blood glucose monitoring. Polydipsia is excessive thirst that can be caused by exercise, salty foods, or undiagnosed diabetes, and untreated psychogenic polydipsia caused by mental disorders can dangerously dilute electrolytes. Zinc supplements can help reduce polydipsia symptoms by
Endocrine system
Excessive thirst, known as polydipsia, is a medical symptom often seen in patients with diabetes or conditions that cause water deficits. Polydipsia is commonly accompanied by polyuria, a condition involving abnormally large urine production, with the most common cause being diabetes mellitus. Other potential causes of polydipsia and polyuria include excessive drinking and increased urination due to diuretic use.
Present11
Glycosuria occurs when glucose is excreted in the urine due to elevated blood glucose levels, primarily caused by diabetes mellitus. In diabetes mellitus, the pancreas does not produce enough insulin to regulate blood sugar levels, causing excess glucose in the bloodstream that the kidneys cannot reabsorb fully. This untreated diabetes can lead to large urine volumes and excessive thirst, or polydipsia, as the body attempts to rehydrate itself and dilute the glucose in the urine. Polydipsia is a common symptom of both diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus due to the kidney's inability to retain water in response to high levels of glucose or anti-diuretic hormone in the blood.
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The document discusses key terms related to the endocrine system including that it is the glandular system that secretes directly into the bloodstream. It also defines terms such as polyuria meaning excessive urination, hypercalcemia referring to excessive calcium in the blood caused by overactive parathyroid glands, polydipsia meaning excessive thirst often seen with diabetes, and glycosuria referring to the presence of sugar in the urine commonly seen with diabetes.
Power point 11 to post
Polyuria is defined as excessive or overly frequent urination. It can indicate serious medical conditions like urinary tract infections, bladder conditions, or metabolic disorders like diabetes. Some common causes of polyuria include increased fluid intake, use of diuretic medications, hypercalcemia, hyperthyroidism, and pregnancy.
Hypercalcemia refers to high calcium levels in the blood. The main cause is overactive parathyroid glands, but it can also be caused by cancer, other medical disorders, medications, or excessive calcium/vitamin D supplements. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, thirst, frequent urination, weakness, and pain. Complications if left untreated include osteoporosis, kidney stones, kidney
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This presentation discusses medical terminology related to excessive thirst (polydipsia) and high calcium levels in the blood (hypercalcemia). It defines the suffixes -dipsia and -emia and their meanings in medical terms. For polydipsia, it provides the definition, causes such as dehydration and diabetes, and associated symptoms. For hypercalcemia, it defines the condition, possible causes such as parathyroid issues and cancer, related symptoms, and treatment options to reduce calcium levels and address underlying causes.
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This document discusses medical terminology suffixes and their meanings. It provides examples of conditions that use these suffixes, including polydipsia (excessive thirst), glycosuria (sugar in urine), and hyporcalcemia (low calcium in blood). For each condition, it describes the etymology and meaning of the suffix, defines the condition, and lists associated symptoms or causes. The purpose is to explain common medical suffixes and examples of diseases or symptoms they describe.
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The document discusses various endocrine and medical terms related to the endocrine system. It defines glycosuria as glucose in the urine and describes possible causes such as diabetes, pregnancy, diet, or liver/thyroid issues. Polyuria is the excessive production of urine, with causes including diabetes, drinking issues, or kidney problems. The endocrine system secretes hormones to regulate processes like metabolism and consists of glands like the thyroid, pituitary, and adrenals.
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The document discusses various medical terms related to the endocrine system. It defines the suffixes -uria and -dipsia, which refer to conditions of the urine and thirst, respectively. Specifically, it defines polyuria as a condition where too much urine is produced, usually over 2.5 liters per day, and is a classic sign of diabetes. It also defines polydipsia as a condition of excessive thirst, characterized by drinking over 2 liters per day, which is often caused by diabetes. References are provided.
Color of Pee
Urine color generally ranges from a pale-yellow color to deep amber. This coloring is primarily caused by the pigment urochrome. Whether your urine is diluted by water or more concentrated determines how the pigment will appear. The more water you drink, and the more hydrated you become, the lighter the pigment in your urine. The pigments and chemical compounds in the foods you eat and the medications you take can also alter the color of your urine. These changes are fairly standard and typically don’t last for long. Certain changes in color may be a sign of an underlying medical condition.
The Endocrine System
Glycosuria is the presence of glucose in the urine, which can occur due to elevated blood glucose levels overwhelming the kidney's ability to reabsorb glucose or due to renal tubule dysfunction. Renal glycosuria is caused by a failure of the renal tubules to reabsorb glucose even at normal blood glucose levels and has various potential underlying causes including genetic disorders, infections, medications, and pregnancy. Hypercalcemia refers to abnormally high calcium levels in the blood and can result from excessive bone calcium release, increased intestinal calcium absorption, or decreased renal calcium excretion, with common causes being hyperparathyroidism and cancer.
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Poliuria se define como una excreción urinaria excesiva mayor a 3 L/día y puede clasificarse en 3 tipos: diuresis osmótica causada por un exceso de solutos como sodio o glucosa, diuresis hídrica causada por un exceso de ingesta de agua, y diabetes insípida causada por problemas con la hormona antidiurética. Los síntomas incluyen orinar frecuentemente durante el día y la noche. El diagnóstico se basa en medir la osmolaridad urinaria y sodio sérico, y
Approach to Polyuria in Children... Dr.Padmesh
1. Polyuria is defined as urine output greater than 5 ml/kg/hr or 2 L/m2/day. Causes include increased fluid intake, increased urinary solute excretion, and impaired urinary concentration.
2. Evaluation of polyuria involves obtaining a detailed history, clinical examination, and investigations including a 24-hour urine output measurement and urine and serum analysis.
3. Distinguishing between central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus involves tests like the water deprivation test and vasopressin response test.
Clinical approach to a patient complaining of polyuria
This document provides guidance on evaluating and differentiating the causes of polyuria, which is excessive urine output of more than 3 L/day. It lists physiological causes such as excessive fluid intake or environmental factors and pathological causes including endocrine disorders like diabetes mellitus, renal issues like chronic kidney disease, and drugs that can cause polyuria. The evaluation involves collecting a 24-hour urine output, performing a water deprivation test, and considering the patient's history, examination findings, and laboratory tests to identify the underlying cause.
Diagnostico de las Poliurias
El documento describe diferentes tipos de poliuria, incluyendo poliuria osmótica y acuosa. La poliuria osmótica puede ser tubular, por hiperflujo tubular, o hemodinámica por hiperfiltración. La poliuria acuosa incluye diabetes insípida central o nefrogénica. Se provee una estrategia diagnóstica para evaluar la causa de la poliuria basada en parámetros de orina y sangre y pruebas como la deprivación hídrica y test de desmopresina.
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Chapter 11 bio120 By: Tanzyanika Hampton
Polydipsia, or excessive thirst, is a symptom of conditions like diabetes that cause an imbalance of fluids in the body. It is characterized by a persistent dry feeling in the mouth and a need to drink large amounts of water. Polydipsia can be caused by diabetes, where high blood sugar levels lead to excessive urination and dehydration, or by medications, stress, or certain medical conditions. Left untreated, polydipsia due to diabetes or other underlying issues can produce additional symptoms like blurred vision, weight loss, and fatigue. Hypercalcemia is a related condition marked by abnormally high calcium levels in the blood, which can damage organs and bones. It is usually due to overactive parathyroid
On the go and driven to drink
Polyuria is a condition where urine output exceeds 2,500 cc's in a 24-hour period, meaning excessive urination. Polydipsia means excessive thirst and is a symptom where a person drinks abnormally large amounts of fluid, typically seen in diabetes. Polyuria and polydipsia can be symptoms of diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, hyperthyroidism, hypercalcemia, hypokalemia, or hypopituitarism.
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The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Two suffixes related to the endocrine system are dipsia and uria. Dipsia refers to thirst, and common causes of excessive thirst or polydipsia include diabetes, diabetes mellitus, and diarrhea. Uria refers to urine, and common conditions are polyuria which is excessive urine production, and glycosuria which is sugar in the urine, both of which can be caused by uncontrolled diabetes.
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Polyuria is the excessive production of urine, defined as more than 10 liters per day, and can be caused by conditions like diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, use of diuretics, or hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia refers to elevated levels of calcium in the bloodstream, most commonly caused by overproduction of parathyroid hormone, and symptoms include gastrointestinal issues, kidney problems, and bone pain. Both polyuria and hypercalcemia are diagnosed through blood tests measuring calcium and urine output levels.
Polyuria : BASICS AND APPROACH
This document provides an overview of polyuria, including its definition, pathophysiology, causes, and clinical approach. Key points include:
- Polyuria is defined as urine output greater than 3ml/kg/h. It can be caused by acquired disorders of salt and water reabsorption, obstructive uropathy, osmotic diuresis, tubulointerstitial damage, drugs, infections, and hereditary tubulopathies.
- The clinical approach involves confirming polyuria, reviewing the history and exam, performing initial investigations including urine analysis and electrolytes, and classifying based on acid-base status to help determine the underlying cause and guide further testing.
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diabetic-insipidus-OM.pdf
TOPIC- diabetic-insipidus-
OM VERMA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
GRACIOUS COLLEGE OF NURSING ABHANPUR RAIPUR ( C.G. )
Chapter 11 – The Endocrine system
Glycosuria is the presence of sugar or glucose in the urine in amounts greater than 25mg/dl, which can be a sign of untreated diabetes mellitus. It leads to dehydration due to frequent urination causing osmotic diuresis, and in severe cases intravenous fluids may be needed to replace fluid loss. Early testing methods included evaporation to detect sugar crystals or yeast fermentation, while current home testing uses blood glucose monitoring. Polydipsia is excessive thirst that can be caused by exercise, salty foods, or undiagnosed diabetes, and untreated psychogenic polydipsia caused by mental disorders can dangerously dilute electrolytes. Zinc supplements can help reduce polydipsia symptoms by
Endocrine system
Excessive thirst, known as polydipsia, is a medical symptom often seen in patients with diabetes or conditions that cause water deficits. Polydipsia is commonly accompanied by polyuria, a condition involving abnormally large urine production, with the most common cause being diabetes mellitus. Other potential causes of polydipsia and polyuria include excessive drinking and increased urination due to diuretic use.
Present11
Glycosuria occurs when glucose is excreted in the urine due to elevated blood glucose levels, primarily caused by diabetes mellitus. In diabetes mellitus, the pancreas does not produce enough insulin to regulate blood sugar levels, causing excess glucose in the bloodstream that the kidneys cannot reabsorb fully. This untreated diabetes can lead to large urine volumes and excessive thirst, or polydipsia, as the body attempts to rehydrate itself and dilute the glucose in the urine. Polydipsia is a common symptom of both diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus due to the kidney's inability to retain water in response to high levels of glucose or anti-diuretic hormone in the blood.
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The document discusses key terms related to the endocrine system including that it is the glandular system that secretes directly into the bloodstream. It also defines terms such as polyuria meaning excessive urination, hypercalcemia referring to excessive calcium in the blood caused by overactive parathyroid glands, polydipsia meaning excessive thirst often seen with diabetes, and glycosuria referring to the presence of sugar in the urine commonly seen with diabetes.
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Polyuria is defined as excessive or overly frequent urination. It can indicate serious medical conditions like urinary tract infections, bladder conditions, or metabolic disorders like diabetes. Some common causes of polyuria include increased fluid intake, use of diuretic medications, hypercalcemia, hyperthyroidism, and pregnancy.
Hypercalcemia refers to high calcium levels in the blood. The main cause is overactive parathyroid glands, but it can also be caused by cancer, other medical disorders, medications, or excessive calcium/vitamin D supplements. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, thirst, frequent urination, weakness, and pain. Complications if left untreated include osteoporosis, kidney stones, kidney
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This presentation discusses medical terminology related to excessive thirst (polydipsia) and high calcium levels in the blood (hypercalcemia). It defines the suffixes -dipsia and -emia and their meanings in medical terms. For polydipsia, it provides the definition, causes such as dehydration and diabetes, and associated symptoms. For hypercalcemia, it defines the condition, possible causes such as parathyroid issues and cancer, related symptoms, and treatment options to reduce calcium levels and address underlying causes.
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This document discusses medical terminology suffixes and their meanings. It provides examples of conditions that use these suffixes, including polydipsia (excessive thirst), glycosuria (sugar in urine), and hyporcalcemia (low calcium in blood). For each condition, it describes the etymology and meaning of the suffix, defines the condition, and lists associated symptoms or causes. The purpose is to explain common medical suffixes and examples of diseases or symptoms they describe.
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The document discusses various endocrine and medical terms related to the endocrine system. It defines glycosuria as glucose in the urine and describes possible causes such as diabetes, pregnancy, diet, or liver/thyroid issues. Polyuria is the excessive production of urine, with causes including diabetes, drinking issues, or kidney problems. The endocrine system secretes hormones to regulate processes like metabolism and consists of glands like the thyroid, pituitary, and adrenals.
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The document discusses various medical terms related to the endocrine system. It defines the suffixes -uria and -dipsia, which refer to conditions of the urine and thirst, respectively. Specifically, it defines polyuria as a condition where too much urine is produced, usually over 2.5 liters per day, and is a classic sign of diabetes. It also defines polydipsia as a condition of excessive thirst, characterized by drinking over 2 liters per day, which is often caused by diabetes. References are provided.
Color of Pee
Urine color generally ranges from a pale-yellow color to deep amber. This coloring is primarily caused by the pigment urochrome. Whether your urine is diluted by water or more concentrated determines how the pigment will appear. The more water you drink, and the more hydrated you become, the lighter the pigment in your urine. The pigments and chemical compounds in the foods you eat and the medications you take can also alter the color of your urine. These changes are fairly standard and typically don’t last for long. Certain changes in color may be a sign of an underlying medical condition.
The Endocrine System
Glycosuria is the presence of glucose in the urine, which can occur due to elevated blood glucose levels overwhelming the kidney's ability to reabsorb glucose or due to renal tubule dysfunction. Renal glycosuria is caused by a failure of the renal tubules to reabsorb glucose even at normal blood glucose levels and has various potential underlying causes including genetic disorders, infections, medications, and pregnancy. Hypercalcemia refers to abnormally high calcium levels in the blood and can result from excessive bone calcium release, increased intestinal calcium absorption, or decreased renal calcium excretion, with common causes being hyperparathyroidism and cancer.
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1. Polyuria is defined as urine output greater than 5 ml/kg/hr or 2 L/m2/day. Causes include increased fluid intake, increased urinary solute excretion, and impaired urinary concentration.
2. Evaluation of polyuria involves obtaining a detailed history, clinical examination, and investigations including a 24-hour urine output measurement and urine and serum analysis.
3. Distinguishing between central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus involves tests like the water deprivation test and vasopressin response test.
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This document provides guidance on evaluating and differentiating the causes of polyuria, which is excessive urine output of more than 3 L/day. It lists physiological causes such as excessive fluid intake or environmental factors and pathological causes including endocrine disorders like diabetes mellitus, renal issues like chronic kidney disease, and drugs that can cause polyuria. The evaluation involves collecting a 24-hour urine output, performing a water deprivation test, and considering the patient's history, examination findings, and laboratory tests to identify the underlying cause.
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El documento describe diferentes tipos de poliuria, incluyendo poliuria osmótica y acuosa. La poliuria osmótica puede ser tubular, por hiperflujo tubular, o hemodinámica por hiperfiltración. La poliuria acuosa incluye diabetes insípida central o nefrogénica. Se provee una estrategia diagnóstica para evaluar la causa de la poliuria basada en parámetros de orina y sangre y pruebas como la deprivación hídrica y test de desmopresina.
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The document discusses medical suffixes and conditions related to thirst and urine. It defines the suffixes -dipsia, meaning thirst, and -uria, meaning urine condition. For -dipsia, it gives the example word polydipsia, which means excessive thirst. For -uria, it gives the example word polyuria, which means excessive urine production. It describes polydipsia and polyuria in more detail, noting that both can be early symptoms of diabetes or other medical issues.
Dehydration.pptx
Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in and doesn't have enough water to carry out its normal functions. Anyone can become dehydrated but it is especially dangerous for young children and older adults. The most common causes of dehydration in young children are diarrhea and vomiting while older adults are more at risk due to lower body water levels and medications. Symptoms in infants include dry mouth, no tears, and sunken spots on the head while adults experience extreme thirst, less urination, fatigue, and confusion. See a doctor if diarrhea lasts over 24 hours, there is blood in stool, or the person cannot keep down fluids or is disoriented.
Endocrine System
Polyuria refers to the excessive production of urine of more than 2.5 liters per day in adults and is often noticed at night. It is commonly accompanied by polydipsia, which is excessive fluid intake due to sensations of dry mouth. Polydipsia can be associated with mental disorders if caused by medications for those disorders, or by uncontrolled diabetes where the kidneys work to remove excess blood sugar, producing more urine and leading to thirst.
Dehydration-1.pptx slide for paediatrics
Dehydration is caused by excessive fluid loss or inadequate fluid intake, leading to negative fluid balance and decreased total body water. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Clinical features include dry mouth, sunken eyes, decreased urine output, and altered mental status. Dehydration is classified as none, some, or severe based on these clinical signs. Oral rehydration solution is used to manage none and some dehydration, while IV fluids may be needed for severe cases to prevent complications like hypotension and organ failure.
diarrhea & Its Manatuotiyfjyryurygement.ppt
Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of childhood mortality globally. Dehydration from diarrhea can cause death if not treated properly. There are different types and severities of diarrhea. Treatment involves oral rehydration with oral rehydration solution or other home available fluids. For mild dehydration, continued feeding and oral rehydration is recommended. Moderate dehydration is treated with increased oral fluids at a health facility. Severe dehydration requires intravenous or nasogastric rehydration in a health facility. Zinc supplementation for 14 days is also recommended to reduce diarrhea duration and severity. Antimicrobial treatment is given for specific infections like cholera.
Acute diarrheal disease management
This document provides guidance on assessing and managing acute diarrhea in children. It describes how to take a thorough patient history and conduct a physical exam to evaluate dehydration. Three treatment plans are outlined for: no dehydration (plan A involving oral rehydration), some dehydration (plan B with oral and intravenous rehydration), and severe dehydration (plan C requiring intravenous therapy). The document provides details on oral rehydration solution composition and administration guidelines for rehydration based on a patient's age, weight, and degree of dehydration.
Endocrinology.pptx
Diabetes insipidus is a disease characterized by the excessive production of very dilute urine and excessive thirst due to a deficiency or resistance to antidiuretic hormone. The main symptoms include sudden onset of large urine output, excessive thirst, headache, irritability, and fatigue. Signs include dehydration, hypernatremia, dry skin and tongue, sunken eyes, urine output of 5-50 liters per day, low urine specific gravity, and constipation.
Diarrhea in children
Diarrhea in children can be acute, persistent, or chronic depending on duration. Rotavirus and E. coli are common causes. Risk factors include poor sanitation, hygiene, and breastfeeding. Clinical features range from mild thirst to lethargy. Assessment involves hydration level and malnutrition risk. Treatment follows plans A, B, or C depending on hydration: oral rehydration with WHO ORS and continued feeding. Medical management focuses on rehydration, feeding, zinc supplementation, and treating complications.
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Medical terminology chapter 11
Glycosuria is the presence of glucose in the urine, which normally does not occur as the kidneys filter and return all glucose to the bloodstream. Glycosuria can result from diabetes mellitus, which leads to loss of water in urine and potential dehydration, or from large carbohydrate intake. Polydipsia is excessive thirst and usually exists in diabetic patients who do not take their medication. Psychogenic polydipsia involves excessive water intake in patients with mental illnesses like schizophrenia, which risks seizure or cardiac arrest if intake exceeds kidney function. Minor excessive drinking can falsely indicate a diabetes diagnosis.
What is Diabetes
This document discusses the different types of diabetes. It explains that diabetes is a chronic disease where blood sugar levels are high. The two main types are type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 occurs when the body does not produce insulin and daily insulin injections are needed. Type 2 occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells do not respond properly to insulin. The document also discusses hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, which are high and low blood sugar, their symptoms, and how to treat each condition. It concludes by mentioning an A1c test is used to monitor blood sugar levels over time.
Approach of Dehydration in pediatrics & management
This document discusses dehydration, including:
1. It defines dehydration as a deficit of total body water that disrupts metabolic processes when water loss exceeds intake. There are three types based on electrolyte imbalances.
2. Causes include vomiting, diarrhea, fever, medications, and other factors that increase water loss or decrease intake.
3. Assessment involves checking weight loss, vital signs, skin signs, and urine output to determine severity. Treatment depends on severity and cause, ranging from oral rehydration for mild cases to IV fluids for severe dehydration.
2 Diarheal disease in children 54$.ppt
1. Diarrheal disease is a major cause of mortality in children under 5 years old, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia.
2. Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children and accounts for 500,000 deaths per year globally.
3. Diarrhea can be classified based on duration as acute (<14 days), persistent (14-30 days) or chronic (>30 days). It can also be bloody (dysentery) or non-bloody.
4. The main treatments for diarrhea are oral rehydration with solutions like WHO ORS to replace lost fluids and nutrients, continued feeding, and antibiotics if needed. Proper treatment can prevent dehydration and
Hypoglycaemia and funny turns
A short presentation looking at the various definitions of hypoglycaemia
(clinical, biochemical and symptomatic).
It goes through the modes of acute treatment and the options for disabling
hypos.
Diarrhea and kidney failure
Diarrhea can cause or worsen kidney failure by reducing blood flow to the kidneys. Diarrhea leads to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and malnutrition, impairing kidney function and potentially causing kidney failure. While most cases of renal failure from diarrhea can be treated successfully, 10-20% of patients may not fully recover kidney function and require long-term dialysis. Diarrhea is usually diagnosed and treated by replacing lost fluids to prevent dehydration, and identifying and treating its underlying cause such as infection.
Diarrhea and kidney failure
Diarrhea can cause or worsen kidney failure by reducing blood flow to the kidneys. Diarrhea leads to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and malnutrition, impairing kidney function and potentially causing kidney failure. While most cases of renal failure from diarrhea can be treated successfully, 10-20% of patients may not fully recover kidney function and require long-term dialysis. Diarrhea is usually diagnosed and treated by replacing lost fluids to prevent dehydration, and identifying and treating its underlying cause such as infection.
8.diarrhea
Diarrhoea is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries. It is defined as the passage of loose or watery stools at least three times in 24 hours. The main types are acute watery diarrhoea, acute bloody diarrhoea (dysentery), persistent diarrhoea lasting 14 days or longer, and diarrhoea with severe malnutrition. Causes include viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal infections as well as drugs and diet. Treatment involves oral rehydration, continued feeding, and seeking medical help for signs of dehydration. Antibiotics may be given for specific bacterial infections. Preventing diarrhoea relies on access to safe water, adequate sanitation, handw
DIARRHOEA-PPT.pptx
This document discusses diarrhea, including its definition, causes, clinical features, management, and prevention. Some key points:
- Diarrhea is defined as passing loose or watery stools at least 3 times in 24 hours. It can be acute (lasting 3-7 days) or chronic (lasting over 3 weeks).
- Causes include intestinal infections from bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other underlying diseases. Risk factors are lack of breastfeeding, poor hygiene, and malnutrition.
- Management involves oral rehydration therapy with ORS and zinc supplements. For severe dehydration IV fluids are given. Diet should continue and antibiotics may be used.
- Prevention strategies are safe water/
acute and chronic diarrhea.pptx
Diarrhea is a common problem in paediatric age group and has different etiologies of acute and chronic diarrhea
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
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Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
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Chapter 6
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Polydipsia and polyuria
- 3. Excessive thirst- Polydipsia •Is not a disease, but is a symptom of a disease for example: •Diabetes •Hypokalemia •Change in osmolality •Polydipsia can lso be linked to patients who have mental illnesses like schizophrenia •Because of the excessive thirst this can cause dry mouth “cotton mouth” which makes you consume more water.
- 4. Excessive urination- Polyuria •Polyuria usually goes hand in hand with polydipsia because of the excessive intake in water •If and adult is urinating about 2.5-3 L in 24hrs that is considered polyuria. •Although polyuria can be normal sometimes because of the excessive amounts of fluids it is not always the case. •Polyuria can also be linked to diabetes in both adults and kids. •Poluria can also be simple causes of too much: •Caffeine drinks •Alcohol •Diuresis •Or child birth