Polydipsia is a symptom of excessive thirst that can be caused by conditions that create a water deficit in the body like diabetes insipidus. If too much water is consumed and the kidneys cannot excrete it, it can dilute sodium levels dangerously and potentially cause seizures or cardiac arrest.
Polyuria is excessive urination of over 2.5 liters per day and can be caused by medications like diuretics, conditions like diabetes, or psychogenic polydipsia. Patients experiencing polyuria should track fluid intake, urination frequency and volume, and urine color to monitor their symptoms. Simple dietary changes may help but worsening symptoms require seeing a doctor.
Diabetes insipidus is an uncommon disorder that causes an imbalance of fluids in the body. This imbalance makes you very thirsty even if you've had something to drink. It also leads you to produce large amounts of urine
Diabetes insipidus is an uncommon disorder that causes an imbalance of fluids in the body. This imbalance makes you very thirsty even if you've had something to drink. It also leads you to produce large amounts of urine
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Discussion #1
Diabetes Insipidus
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) is synthesized in the hypothalamus and secreted by the posterior pituitary. Its role plays part in the body’s osmotic balance, blood pressure regulation, and kidney function. ADH affects the ability of the kidney to reabsorb water and in addition induces expression of water transport proteins in the late distal tubule and collecting duct to increase water reabsorption (Cuzzo & Lappin, 2018). Diabetes Insipidus occurs with a decreased or absent ADH causing symptoms such as polyuria and polydipsia. Three types of diabetes insipidus include: neurogenic, nephrogenic, and polydipsic (McCance & Huether, 2014).
Neurogenic DI is the most commen and caused by insufficient amounts of ADH. Damage to the pituitary gland or hypothalamus from surgery, a tumor, a head injury or an illness can cause neurogenic diabetes insipidus by affecting the usual production, storage, and release of ADH (McCance & Huether, 2014).
Nephrogenic DI is often idiopathic. It occurs when there's a defect in the kidney tubules. The defect may be due to an inherited disorder or a chronic kidney disorder (McCance & Huether, 2014).
Polydipsic DI can cause production of large amounts of diluted urine. The underlying cause is drinking an excessive amount of fluids that is caused by damage to the thirst-regulating mechanism in the hypothalamus. The condition has also been linked to mental illness (McCance & Huether, 2014).
“DI must be distinguished from other polyuric states, including diabetes mellitus. The basic criteria for the diagnosis of DI include polyuria, polydipsia, low urine specific gravity (<1.010), low urine osmolality (<200 mOsm/kg), hypernatremia, high serum osmolality (300 mOsm or more depending on adequate water intake), and continued diuresis despite a serum sodium level of 145 mEq/L or greater” (McCance & Huether, p. 720).
Treatment for neurogenic diabetes insipidus includes increasing water intake or desmopressin (DDAVP).This medication replaces the missing anti-diuretic hormone and decreases urination. Treatment for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus includes stopping initial cause if medication induced or treatment with thiazide diuretics. Treatment for polydipsic diabetes insipidus includes decreasing fluid intake (McCance & Huether, 2014).
A red flag symptom requiring urgent treatment of diabetes insipidus would include passing large amounts of dilute urine. This can cause severe electrolyte disturbances and intravascular depletion leading to shock (McCance & Huether, 2014).
Discussion #2
Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare condition that occurs when your kidneys are not able to conserve water. DI is not related to diabetes mellitus, which is often referred to simply as diabetes. That means you can have DI without having diabetes. In fact, the condition can occur in anyone.
DI results in extreme thirst and frequent urination of dilute and odorless urine. There are several types of DI, and they can often .
2. -Dipsia Polydipsia: Poly- Many Dipsia- Excessive thirst Polydipsia is a symptom in which the patient has an excessive thirst. It can also be caused by a change in the osmolality of the extracellular fluids of the body, hypokalemia, decreased blood volume, and other conditions that create a water deficit. This is usually a result of osmotic diuresis. Diabetes insipiduscan also cause polydipsia. It is also a symptom of anti cholinergic poisoning.
3. Some patients with mental illness such as schizophrenia may also have an excessive water intake. If the amount of water ingested exceeds the amount that can be excreted by the kidneys this can be life-threatening because the body's serum sodium level is diluted to an extent that seizures and cardiac arrest can occur.
4. -Uria Polyuria: Poly- Many Dipsia- Excessive urination An excessive volume of urination for an adult is more than 2.5 liters of urine per day. Polyuria is a fairly common symptom, which is often noticed when you have to get up to use the bathroom at night. Symptoms may include: Drinking a large amount of fluids, particularly those containing ccaffeineor alcohol Certain medications, especially diuretics Diabetes Psychogenic polydipsia, (most common in women over age 30)
5. Other symptoms may include: Kidney failure Sickle cell anemia Imaging tests that involve injecting a special dye (contrast media) into your vein Patients experiencing polyuria should keep track of How much fluid they drink, how often they urinate, how much urine is produced each time and the color of the urination Sometimes making simple changes in dietary habits may lessen the symptoms ; in the case symptoms worsen a patient should always contact their doctor.
